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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الفرائض
Book of Inheritance
باب: ميراث الإخوة والأخوات لأب وأم أو لأب
Chapter: The inheritance of full or paternal brothers and sisters
Bayhaqi 12326 — The inheritance of full or paternal brothers
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَارِسِيُّ، أنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْخَلَّالِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو يَعْلَى، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، أَنَّ مَعَانِيَ هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَأُصُولَهَا عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، وَأَمَّا التَّفْسِيرُ فَتَفْسِيرُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَلَى مَعَانِي زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: " وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْوَلَدِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ وَلَدِ الِابْنِ الذَّكَرِ، وَلَا مَعَ الْأَبِ شَيْئًا، وَهُمْ مَعَ الْبَنَاتِ وَبَنَاتِ الِابْنِ مَا لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ يَخْلُفُونَ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ فَضْلٌ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ إِنَاثًا كَانُوا أَوْ ذُكُورًا، {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الْمُتَوَفَّى أَبًا، وَلَا جَدًّا أَبَا أَبٍ، وَلَا ابْنًا، وَلَا وَلَدًا، وَلَا وَلَدَ ابْنٍ ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى، وَلَا ابْنًا ذَكَرًا وَلَا أُنْثَى، فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ الْوَاحِدَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ، فَإِنْ كَانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ فُرِضَ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَإِنَّهُ لَا فَرِيضَةَ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَخَوَاتِ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِمَنْ شَرَكَهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَمَا فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ كَانَ بَيْنَ الْإِخْوَةِ وَالْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، إِلَّا فِي فَرِيضَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ قَطُّ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ لَهُمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَاشْتَرَكُوا مَعَ ⦗٣٨١⦘ بَنِي أُمِّهِمْ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ تُوُفِّيَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُمَّهَا وَأَخَوَيْهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَإِخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا، فَكَانَ لِزَوْجِهَا النِّصْفُ، وَلِأُمِّهَا السُّدُسُ، وَلِابْنَيْ أُمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ، فَلَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ يَشْتَرِكُ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي ثُلُثِهِمْ، فَيَكُونُ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١] مِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّهُمْ كُلَّهُمْ بَنُو أُمِّ الْمُتَوَفَّى، قَالَ: وَمِيرَاثُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ كَمِيرَاثِ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ سَوَاءٌ، ذَكَرُهُمْ كَذَكَرِهِمْ، وَأُنْثَاهُمْ كَأُنْثَاهُمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَشْتَرِكُونَ مَعَ بَنِي الْأُمِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي شَرَكَهُمْ بَنُو الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ، فَإِذَا اجْتَمَعَ الْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ، وَالْإِخْوَةُ مِنَ الْأَبِ، فَكَانَ فِي بَنِي الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ ذَكَرٌ، فَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأَبِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ إِلَّا امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَكَانَ بَنُو الْأَبِ امْرَأَةً وَاحِدَةً أَوْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ لَا ذَكَرَ فِيهِنَّ، فَإِنَّهُ يُفْرَضُ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَالْأُمِّ النِّصْفُ، وَيُفْرَضُ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ السُّدُسُ تَتِمَّةَ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ بَنَاتِ الْأَبِ أَخٌ ذَكَرٌ فَلَا فَرِيضَةَ لَهُمْ، وَيُبْدَأُ بِأَهْلِ الْفَرَائِضِ فَيُعْطَوْنَ فَرَائِضَهُمْ، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ {لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} [النساء: ١١]، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ، فَإِنْ كَانَ بَنُو الْأُمِّ وَالْأَبِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْإِنَاثِ فَيُفْرَضُ لَهُنَّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَلَا مِيرَاثَ مَعَهُنَّ لِبَنَاتِ الْأَبِ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ مِنْ أَبٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَهُنَّ ذَكَرٌ بُدِئَ بِفَرَائِضِ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ فَرِيضَةٌ فَأُعْطُوهَا، فَإِنْ فَضَلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَضْلٌ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي الْأَبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَفْضُلْ شَيْءٌ فَلَا شَيْءَ لَهُمْ ".
Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father (Sayyiduna Zayd bin Thabit, may Allah be pleased with him) that the inheritance of full brothers is as follows: they will not inherit alongside a male child, the son's male child (grandson, great-grandson), or the father (of the deceased); and alongside daughters and son's daughters they will inherit (as long as the deceased has no grandfather). One begins with those who have a fixed share, and they are given their shares; if any wealth is left over, it goes to the full brothers according to the Book of Allah, whether they are male or female, under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. If nothing is left over, there will be nothing for them (the brothers) either. If the deceased leaves no father, grandfather, or male or female children, then one full sister gets half. If there are two or more sisters, they get two-thirds. If there is a male brother with them, then, after taking out the shares of those who share in the fixed portions, the estate will be divided among these full brothers and sisters under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. But there is one case in which they will share with the uterine sons, and it is this: a woman dies, and among her heirs are her husband, her mother, her uterine brothers and her full sisters; then the husband gets half, the mother a sixth and the uterine sons a third. So nothing is left over, and the full sons are made partners in the third of the uterine sons. In this case the inheritance will be divided under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11], because they are all sons of the mother of the deceased.
The inheritance of paternal half-brothers, when there is no full son with them, is like that of full brothers; they will all be like them, male and female alike, except that they will not share with the uterine sons in this share as the full sons did. When full brothers and paternal half-brothers come together and there is a male among the full offspring, the paternal half-brothers will have no inheritance alongside him. If among the full offspring there is one woman, and among the paternal offspring one or more women with no male among them, the full sister gets half and the paternal half-sisters a sixth (completing two-thirds). If there is a male brother with the paternal half-sisters, they have no fixed share, and one begins with those entitled to fixed shares; they are given their fixed shares. If any wealth is left over, it is divided among the father's offspring under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. If no wealth is left over, there will be nothing for them either. If the full offspring are two girls, they get two-thirds, and the paternal half-daughters have no inheritance alongside them, unless there is a male from the father's side with them. If there is a male with them, the people of fixed shares are first given their shares; then, if any wealth is left over, it is divided among the father's offspring under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]; otherwise there will be nothing for them.
The inheritance of paternal half-brothers, when there is no full son with them, is like that of full brothers; they will all be like them, male and female alike, except that they will not share with the uterine sons in this share as the full sons did. When full brothers and paternal half-brothers come together and there is a male among the full offspring, the paternal half-brothers will have no inheritance alongside him. If among the full offspring there is one woman, and among the paternal offspring one or more women with no male among them, the full sister gets half and the paternal half-sisters a sixth (completing two-thirds). If there is a male brother with the paternal half-sisters, they have no fixed share, and one begins with those entitled to fixed shares; they are given their fixed shares. If any wealth is left over, it is divided among the father's offspring under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]. If no wealth is left over, there will be nothing for them either. If the full offspring are two girls, they get two-thirds, and the paternal half-daughters have no inheritance alongside them, unless there is a male from the father's side with them. If there is a male with them, the people of fixed shares are first given their shares; then, if any wealth is left over, it is divided among the father's offspring under "to the male the like of the share of two females" [Surah al-Nisa: 11]; otherwise there will be nothing for them.
