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السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المزارعة
Book of Sharecropping
باب: من زرع في أرض غيره بغير إذنه أو بإذنه على سبيل المزارعة
Chapter: One who cultivates another's land without his permission, or with his permission as share-cropping
Bayhaqi 11745 — One who cultivates another's land without
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا يَحْيَى، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْخَطْمِيُّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي عمي أَنَا وَغُلَامًا لَهُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا لَهُ: شَيْءٌ بَلَغَنَا عَنْكَ فِي الْمُزَارَعَةِ، قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لَا يَرَى بِهَا بَأْسًا حَتَّى بَلَغَهُ عَنْ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ فِي حَدِيثٍ، فَأَتَاهُ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَافِعٌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَتَى بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَرَأَى زَرْعًا فِي أَرْضِ ظُهَيْرٍ فَقَالَ: " مَا أَحْسَنَ زَرْعَ ظُهَيْرٍ "، فَقَالُوا: لَيْسَ لِظُهَيْرٍ، قَالَ: " ⦗٢٢٦⦘ أَلَيْسَ أَرْضَ ظُهَيْرٍ؟ " قَالُوا: بَلَى، وَلَكِنَّهُ زَرْعُ فُلَانٍ، قَالَ: " فَخُذُوا زَرْعَكُمْ وَرُدُّوا عَلَيْهِ النَّفَقَةَ "، قَالَ رَافِعٌ: فَأَخَذْنَا زَرْعَنَا، وَرَدَدْنَا إِلَيْهِ النَّفَقَةَ. قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: أَفْقِرْ أَخَاكَ أَوْ أَكِرْهُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ. ظَاهِرُ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ الزَّرْعَ يَتْبَعُ الْأَرْضَ، وَفُقَهَاءُ الْأَمْصَارِ عَلَى أَنَّ الزَّرْعَ يَتْبَعُ الْبَذْرَ، وَلَوْ ثَبَتَ هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ فِي خِلَافِهَا حُجَّةٌ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْحَدِيثَ الْأَوَّلَ يَنْفَرِدُ بِهِ شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْحَدِيثِ، وَشَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ مُخْتَلَفٌ فِيهِ، كَانَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ لَا يَرْوِي عَنْهُ، وَيُضَعِّفُ حَدِيثَهُ جِدًّا، ثُمَّ هُوَ مُرْسَلٌ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ الْبُوَيْطِيِّ: الْحَدِيثُ مُنْقَطِعٌ؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَلْقَ عَطَاءً رَافِعًا.
Abu Ja'far al-Khatmi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: My paternal uncle sent me, along with a slave of his, to Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him). We said to him: Something has reached us from you about farming. He said: Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) saw no harm in it until the hadith of Sayyiduna Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) reached him. He came to Sayyiduna Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) told him that he (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Banu Harithah and saw crops in the land of Zuhayr. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How fine is the crop of Zuhayr!" They said: This crop is not Zuhayr's. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Is this not Zuhayr's land?" They replied: The land is Zuhayr's, but the crop belongs to so-and-so. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take your crop and return the expenses." Sayyiduna Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We took our crop and returned the expenses. Sa'id (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Lend (the land) to your brother or rent it out for dirhams.
The apparent meaning of these hadiths indicates that the crop follows the land, whereas the jurists of the major cities hold that the crop follows the seed. Had these hadiths been established, no one would have had any proof in opposing them; however, the first hadith is narrated only by Sharik bin Abdullah and Qays bin al-Rabi'. Qays bin al-Rabi' is da'if (weak) according to the scholars of hadith, and Sharik bin Abdullah is disputed: Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan did not narrate from him and declared his hadith very weak. Moreover, it is mursal. Al-Shafi'i said in the book of al-Buwayti: The hadith is munqati' (broken), because Ata did not meet Rafi'.
The apparent meaning of these hadiths indicates that the crop follows the land, whereas the jurists of the major cities hold that the crop follows the seed. Had these hadiths been established, no one would have had any proof in opposing them; however, the first hadith is narrated only by Sharik bin Abdullah and Qays bin al-Rabi'. Qays bin al-Rabi' is da'if (weak) according to the scholars of hadith, and Sharik bin Abdullah is disputed: Yahya bin Sa'id al-Qattan did not narrate from him and declared his hadith very weak. Moreover, it is mursal. Al-Shafi'i said in the book of al-Buwayti: The hadith is munqati' (broken), because Ata did not meet Rafi'.
