Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب المزارعة
Book of Sharecropping
باب: من أباح المزارعة بجزء معلوم مشاع وحمل النهي عنها على التنزيه أو على ما لو تضمن العقد شرطا فاسدا
Chapter: Those who permitted share-cropping for a known common share and took its prohibition as dislike, or as applying when the contract contains an invalid condition
Bayhaqi 11741 — Those who permitted share-cropping for a known common
اُردوEn
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمُزَنِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى، ثنا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ، ثنا شُعَيْبٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ بِاسْتِكْرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْوَرِقِ بَأْسٌ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَافِعَ بْنَ خَدِيجٍ كَانَ يُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ عَمَّيْهِ، وَكَانَا قَدْ شَهِدَا بَدْرًا، يُحَدِّثَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ كِرَاءِ الْأَرْضِ " فَلِذَلِكَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ رَافِعِ بْنِ خَدِيجٍ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ يَتْرُكُ كِرَاءَ أَرْضِهِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُكْرِيهَا لَا بِذَهَبٍ وَلَا بِوَرِقٍ وَلَا بِشَيْءٍ، فَأَخَذَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ فُتْيَا رَافِعٍ أُنَاسٌ، وَتَرَكَهُ آخَرُونَ، فَأَمَّا الْمُعَامَلَةُ عَلَى الشَّطْرِ أَوِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ أَوْ مَا اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ كَانَ عَامَلَ يَهُودَ خَيْبَرَ حِينَ أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الشَّطْرِ، وَذَلِكَ أَطْيَبُ أَمْرِ الْأَرْضِ وَأَحَلُّهُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَمَنْ قَالَ بِالْأَوَّلِ أَجَابَ عَنْ هَذَا وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَا حُجَّةَ فِي قَوْلِ أَحَدٍ دُونَهُ، وَحَدِيثُ رَافِعٍ حَدِيثٌ ثَابِتٌ، وَفِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى نَهْيِهِ عَنِ الْمُعَامَلَةِ عَلَيْهَا بِبَعْضِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ أَسْنَدَهُ عَنْ بَعْضِ عُمُومَتِهِ مَرَّةً، وَأَرْسَلَهُ أُخْرَى، وَاسْتَقْصَى فِي رِوَايَتِهِ مَرَّةً، وَاخْتَصَرَهَا أُخْرَى، وَتَابَعَهُ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ وَغَيْرُهُ كَمَا قَدَّمْنَا ذِكْرَهُ، وَحَدِيثُ الْمُعَامَلَةِ بِشَطْرِ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ مِنْ ثَمَرٍ أَوْ زَرْعٍ مَقُولٌ بِهِ إِذَا كَانَ الزَّرْعُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ النَّخْلِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ جَمْعٌ بَيْنَ الْأَخْبَارِ الْوَارِدَةِ فِيهِ، وَبِاللهِ التَّوْفِيقُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) saw no harm in renting out land for gold and silver. And Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated from his two paternal uncles who had fought at Badr that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade "renting out land." Because of the hadith of Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) gave up renting out his land; he would not rent it for gold, silver or anything else. Some people acted on the fatwa of Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) and others left it. As for dealing on a half, two thirds or whatever they agreed upon, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) engaged the Jews of Khaybar on half when Allah gave it to the Muslims as spoils, and this is the best solution for land.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever held the first view answered this and maintained that, where something is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), no one's word besides his is proof. The hadith of Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and it contains evidence of his prohibition of dealing (in land) for part of its produce; except that he sometimes narrated it with a connected chain from some of his paternal uncles and sometimes as mursal, and sometimes in full and sometimes in brief. Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) and others corroborated his narration, as we mentioned earlier. As for the hadith of dealing for half of the fruit or crops of Khaybar, it is acted upon when the crops are between the date palms, and this is a way of reconciling the reports.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever held the first view answered this and maintained that, where something is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), no one's word besides his is proof. The hadith of Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and it contains evidence of his prohibition of dealing (in land) for part of its produce; except that he sometimes narrated it with a connected chain from some of his paternal uncles and sometimes as mursal, and sometimes in full and sometimes in brief. Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) and others corroborated his narration, as we mentioned earlier. As for the hadith of dealing for half of the fruit or crops of Khaybar, it is acted upon when the crops are between the date palms, and this is a way of reconciling the reports.
