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مستدرکِ حاکم
Mustadrak al-Hakim
كتاب الأطعمة
Book of Foods
النَّهْيُ الْوَاضِحُ عَنْ تَحْصِينِ الْحِيطَانِ وَالنَّخِيلِ
The clear prohibition of walling off gardens and date palms
Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 7366
اُردوEn
أخبرنا السَّيَّاري، حدثنا أبو الموجِّه وعبد الله بن جعفر قالا: أخبرنا علي بن حُجْر السَّعدي، حدثنا عاصم بن سويد، عن محمد بن موسى بن الحارث، عن أبيه، عن جابر بن عبد الله قال: أتى رسولُ الله ﷺ بين عمرو بن عوف يومَ الأربعاء، فرأى أشياءَ لم يكن رآها قبلَ ذلك من حِصْنةٍ عن النخيل، فقال: "لو أنكم إذا جئتُم عيدَكم هذا مَكَثتُم حتى تسمعُوا من قَوْلي" قالوا: نَعَم بآبائنا أنتَ أي رسولَ الله وأمّهاتِنا، قال: فلما حضروا الجُمعةَ صلَّى بهم رسولُ الله ﷺ الجمعة، ثم صلَّى ركعتين في المسجد، وكان ينصرفُ إلى بيته قبلَ ذلك اليوم، ثم استوى فاستقبلَ الناسَ بوجهه، فتبِعَتْ له الأنصارُ أو من كان منهم حتى وفَّى بهم إليه، فقال: "يا معشرَ الأنصار"، قالوا: لبَّيكَ أيْ رسولَ الله، فقال: "كنتُم في الجاهلية إذ لا تَعبُدون الله تَحمِلونَ الكَلَّ، وتفعلون في أموالِكم المعروفَ، وتفعلون إلى ابن السَّبيل، حتى إذا مَنَّ الله عليكم بالإسلام، ومَنَّ عليكم بنبيِّه، إذا إنكم لتُحصِّنون أموالَكم، وفيما يأكل ابن آدمَ أَجْرٌ، وفيما يأكلُ السَّبُعُ أجرٌ، وفيما يأكل الطيرُ أجرٌ (1) "، فرجعَ القومَ، فما منهم أحدٌ إِلَّا هدم من حديقته ثلاثين بابًا (2).
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يُخرَّج. وفيه النهيُ الواضح عن تحصين الحيطان والنخيل والكُروم وغيرِها من أنواع الثِّمار عن المحتاجين والجائعين أن يأكلوا منها. وقد خرَّج الشيخانِ ﵄ حديثَ ابن عمر عن النبيِّ ﷺ: "إذا دخلّ أحدُكم حائطَ أخيه، فليأكُلْ منه ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً" (1).
هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد، ولم يُخرَّج. وفيه النهيُ الواضح عن تحصين الحيطان والنخيل والكُروم وغيرِها من أنواع الثِّمار عن المحتاجين والجائعين أن يأكلوا منها. وقد خرَّج الشيخانِ ﵄ حديثَ ابن عمر عن النبيِّ ﷺ: "إذا دخلّ أحدُكم حائطَ أخيه، فليأكُلْ منه ولا يَتَّخِذْ خُبْنَةً" (1).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came to Banu Amr bin Awf on a Wednesday, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) saw things there (fences and protective walls around the date-palm orchards) which he had not seen before. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you come for this Eid (gathering) of yours, stay until you hear what I have to say." They said: O Messenger of Allah! May our fathers and mothers be ransomed for you; we will certainly stay. The narrator says: When the time of Jumu'ah came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) led them in the Jumu'ah prayer, then prayed two rak'ahs in the mosque itself, whereas before that he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to go home (right after the prayer). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) stood up and turned his blessed face towards the people, and the Ansar, or those of them who were present, gathered around him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O company of the Ansar!" They said: O Messenger of Allah! We are at your service. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "In the Jahiliyyah, when you did not worship Allah, you still used to bear the burdens of others, do good (charity) with your wealth and treat travellers kindly. But now that Allah has favoured you with Islam and with His Prophet, have you started hiding your wealth from others and fencing it off? Yet there is reward in whatever a human eats of it, there is reward in whatever a wild beast eats, and there is reward in whatever a bird eats." So the people went back, and every one of them broke open thirty doorways (or passages) in the (enclosed) sections of his garden (so that the needy could eat).
This hadith has an authentic chain, but it has not been recorded (by the two Shaykhs). In it is a clear prohibition against fencing or closing off gardens, date palms, vineyards and the like to keep out the needy and the hungry, so that they may eat from them. And the two Shaykhs have recorded this hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "When one of you enters his brother's garden, let him eat from it, but not carry any away (filled in his garment)."
This hadith has an authentic chain, but it has not been recorded (by the two Shaykhs). In it is a clear prohibition against fencing or closing off gardens, date palms, vineyards and the like to keep out the needy and the hungry, so that they may eat from them. And the two Shaykhs have recorded this hadith of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "When one of you enters his brother's garden, let him eat from it, but not carry any away (filled in his garment)."
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.
(1) قوله: "وفيما يأكل الطير أجر" سقط من (ز).
Note / Clarification: The sentence "and in what the birds eat there is also a reward" is missing from manuscript (Z).
(2) إسناده ضعيف، عاصم بن سويد قال أبو حاتم: شيخ محله، الصدق، روي حديثين منكرين، وقال ابن معين: لا أعرفه قال ابن عدي: لم يعرفه لأنه قليل الرواية جدًّا، لعله لم يُرَو عنه غير خمسة أحاديث. وشيخه محمد بن موسى إن كان هو الرؤاسي، فقد قال عنه أبو حاتم: مجهول، وإن كان غيره فلم نقف على أحد وثقه غير ابن حبان في "ثقاته" 7/ 397، وأشار إلى إسنادنا هذا، وأبوه كذلك لم يوثقه غير ابن حبان 5/ 405.
Grading: Its chain is da'if (weak).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): About 'Asim bin Suwayd, Abu Hatim said that he is a shaykh whose standing is truthfulness, but two munkar hadiths are narrated from him. Ibn Ma'in said: "I do not know him." Ibn 'Adi said that Ibn Ma'in did not know him because he narrated very little; perhaps no more than five hadiths are narrated from him. His shaykh Muhammad bin Musa, if he is "al-Ru'asi", Abu Hatim called him "majhul" (unknown); and if he is someone else, then no one declared him trustworthy except Ibn Hibban (al-Thiqat 7/ 397), and Ibn Hibban pointed to this very chain. His father too was declared trustworthy only by Ibn Hibban (5/ 405).
وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (1872)، وعنه ابن حبان (2484) عن علي بن حجر السعدي، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Ibn Khuzaymah narrated it in (1872), and through him Ibn Hibban in (2484), from 'Ali bin Hujr al-Sa'di, with this same chain.
وقال ابن خزيمة عنه: إن صحَّ الخبر، فإني لا أقف على سماع موسى بن الحارث من جابر.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam Ibn Khuzaymah said about it: "If this report is authentic (even then), I do not know of Musa bin al-Harith having heard from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him)."
وأخرجه الطبراني في "الأوسط" (2379)، والبيهقي في "الشعب" (3224) من طريق عبد الله بن عبد الوهاب الحَجَبي، عن عاصم بن سويد به. وقال الطبراني: لا يروى عن جابر إلَّا بهذا الإسناد، تفرَّد به الحَجَبي! وقد علمتَ أنه متابَع في إسناد الحاكم.
Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani narrated this report in "al-Awsat" (2379) and al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (3224) through the route of 'Abd Allah bin 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Hajabi, from 'Asim bin Suwayd.
Important point: Al-Tabarani says that this report is narrated from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) only with this chain, and al-Hajabi ('Abd Allah bin 'Abd al-Wahhab) is alone in it; but as you know, there is a mutaba'ah (corroboration) for him in the chain of al-Hakim.
(1) هذا ذهول من الحاكم، فإنهما لم يخرجا حديث ابن عمر هذا، وإنما أخرجه الترمذي (1287) وابن ماجه (2301)، وفي سنده يحيى بن سليم الطائفي متكلم فيه، لكن جاء من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو ما يشهد لمعناه بسند حسن عند أحمد في "مسنده" 11/ (6683).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This is an oversight on the part of al-Hakim, because al-Bukhari and Muslim (the two Shaykhs) did not narrate this hadith of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). Rather, al-Tirmidhi (1287) and Ibn Majah (2301) narrated it.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): In its chain is Yahya bin Sulaym al-Ta'ifi, who has been criticised.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: However, there is a shahid (supporting report) for its meaning from the narration of 'Abd Allah bin 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), narrated with a hasan chain in the "Musnad" of Ahmad 11/ (6683).
Note / Clarification: The sentence "and in what the birds eat there is also a reward" is missing from manuscript (Z).
(2) إسناده ضعيف، عاصم بن سويد قال أبو حاتم: شيخ محله، الصدق، روي حديثين منكرين، وقال ابن معين: لا أعرفه قال ابن عدي: لم يعرفه لأنه قليل الرواية جدًّا، لعله لم يُرَو عنه غير خمسة أحاديث. وشيخه محمد بن موسى إن كان هو الرؤاسي، فقد قال عنه أبو حاتم: مجهول، وإن كان غيره فلم نقف على أحد وثقه غير ابن حبان في "ثقاته" 7/ 397، وأشار إلى إسنادنا هذا، وأبوه كذلك لم يوثقه غير ابن حبان 5/ 405.
Grading: Its chain is da'if (weak).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): About 'Asim bin Suwayd, Abu Hatim said that he is a shaykh whose standing is truthfulness, but two munkar hadiths are narrated from him. Ibn Ma'in said: "I do not know him." Ibn 'Adi said that Ibn Ma'in did not know him because he narrated very little; perhaps no more than five hadiths are narrated from him. His shaykh Muhammad bin Musa, if he is "al-Ru'asi", Abu Hatim called him "majhul" (unknown); and if he is someone else, then no one declared him trustworthy except Ibn Hibban (al-Thiqat 7/ 397), and Ibn Hibban pointed to this very chain. His father too was declared trustworthy only by Ibn Hibban (5/ 405).
وأخرجه ابن خزيمة (1872)، وعنه ابن حبان (2484) عن علي بن حجر السعدي، بهذا الإسناد.
Reference / Source: Ibn Khuzaymah narrated it in (1872), and through him Ibn Hibban in (2484), from 'Ali bin Hujr al-Sa'di, with this same chain.
وقال ابن خزيمة عنه: إن صحَّ الخبر، فإني لا أقف على سماع موسى بن الحارث من جابر.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Imam Ibn Khuzaymah said about it: "If this report is authentic (even then), I do not know of Musa bin al-Harith having heard from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him)."
وأخرجه الطبراني في "الأوسط" (2379)، والبيهقي في "الشعب" (3224) من طريق عبد الله بن عبد الوهاب الحَجَبي، عن عاصم بن سويد به. وقال الطبراني: لا يروى عن جابر إلَّا بهذا الإسناد، تفرَّد به الحَجَبي! وقد علمتَ أنه متابَع في إسناد الحاكم.
Reference / Source: Al-Tabarani narrated this report in "al-Awsat" (2379) and al-Bayhaqi in "Shu'ab al-Iman" (3224) through the route of 'Abd Allah bin 'Abd al-Wahhab al-Hajabi, from 'Asim bin Suwayd.
Important point: Al-Tabarani says that this report is narrated from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) only with this chain, and al-Hajabi ('Abd Allah bin 'Abd al-Wahhab) is alone in it; but as you know, there is a mutaba'ah (corroboration) for him in the chain of al-Hakim.
(1) هذا ذهول من الحاكم، فإنهما لم يخرجا حديث ابن عمر هذا، وإنما أخرجه الترمذي (1287) وابن ماجه (2301)، وفي سنده يحيى بن سليم الطائفي متكلم فيه، لكن جاء من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو ما يشهد لمعناه بسند حسن عند أحمد في "مسنده" 11/ (6683).
Technical note / Defect ('illah): This is an oversight on the part of al-Hakim, because al-Bukhari and Muslim (the two Shaykhs) did not narrate this hadith of Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both). Rather, al-Tirmidhi (1287) and Ibn Majah (2301) narrated it.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): In its chain is Yahya bin Sulaym al-Ta'ifi, who has been criticised.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: However, there is a shahid (supporting report) for its meaning from the narration of 'Abd Allah bin 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both), narrated with a hasan chain in the "Musnad" of Ahmad 11/ (6683).
Source: Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn (Takhrij & Tahqiq: Shaykh Adil Murshid et al.), Page: 7366
