Mustadrak al-Hakim — Hadith 5073

(1) خبر حسن، وهذا إسناد ضعيف لجهالة والد حفص بن غياث - وهو ابن طَلْق النَّخَعي - فلم يذكروا أحدٌ من أهل التراجم خلا الدارقطني في "المؤتلف والمختلف" 3/ 1695، ولم يذكر راويًا عنه سوى ابنه حفص، ثم إنَّ هذا الإسناد مرسلٌ، لكن روي هذا الخبر من طرق عديدة عن جمع من التابعين يزيد بعضهم في الخبر على بعض كما سيأتي بيانه، فهو صحيح في قضاء عمر بن الخطاب بذلك. أبو العُميس: هو عُتبة بن عبد الله بن عُتبة المسعودي.
Grading: (1) This is a "hasan report" (on the basis of supporting reports), although this chain in itself is weak.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): The reason for the weakness is that the father of Hafs bin Ghiyath (Ghiyath bin Talq al-Nakha'i) is majhul (unknown). None of the experts on narrators mentioned him except Imam al-Daraqutni, who mentioned him in "al-Mu'talif wa al-Mukhtalif" (3/1695), and no one is mentioned as narrating from him except his son Hafs. Moreover, this chain is also "mursal".
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: However, this report is narrated through many other routes from a group of Successors, some of whom add wording beyond the others, as will be explained below.
Important point: Therefore, as regards the judgement of 'Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), this narration is established as "sahih".
Note / Clarification: "Abu al-'Umays" (mentioned in the chain) is 'Utbah bin 'Abd Allah bin 'Utbah al-Mas'udi.
وأخرجه البخاري في "تاريخه الأوسط" 1/ 379 من طريق محمد بن إسماعيل بن مُجمِّع: أنَّ عمر بن عبد العزيز سأل أبا أمامة بن سهل: كيف أمرُ سالم مولى أبي حذيفة، فذكره. وإسناده محتمل للتحسين من أجل محمد بن إسماعيل بن مجمع، فهو تابعي روى عنه اثنان وذكره ابن حبان في "الثقات".
Reference / Source: Imam al-Bukhari narrated it in his book "al-Tarikh al-Awsat" (1/379) via Muhammad bin Isma'il bin Mujammi': 'Umar bin 'Abd al-'Aziz asked Abu Umamah bin Sahl: "What was the matter of Salim the client of Abu Hudhayfah?", and he mentioned the whole narration.
Grading: Its chain can possibly be regarded as "hasan" on account of Muhammad bin Isma'il bin Mujammi'.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Muhammad bin Isma'il is a Successor from whom two people narrated, and Imam Ibn Hibban mentioned him in his book "al-Thiqat".
وأخرجه عبد الرزاق في "مصنفه" (16233) من طريق عامر بن شراحيل الشعبي مرسلًا نحوه. ورجاله لا بأس بهم.
Reference / Source: Imam 'Abd al-Razzaq narrated this report in his "al-Musannaf" (16233) via 'Amir bin Sharahil al-Sha'bi as "mursal", in similar wording.
Grading: All the narrators of this chain are acceptable (la ba'sa bihim).
وأخرجه الشافعي في "الأم" 5/ 285، ومن طريقه البيهقي في "السنن الكبرى" 10/ 300، وفي "معرفة السنن والآثار" 14/ (20559) من طريق أبي طوالة عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن معمر، فذكره بنحوه مرسلًا. ورجاله ثقات، غير أنه ذكر أن أبا بكر الصِّدِّيق هو من أرسل بميراث سالم للمرأة. ولا تَعارُض في ذلك، فقد قال ابن ابن عبد البر في "التمهيد" 3/ 76 - 77: إنما نُسب القضاء فيه إلى عُمر لأنه كان بأمر أبي بكر، وكان عمرُ القاضيَ لأبي بكر.
Reference / Source: Imam al-Shafi'i narrated it in "al-Umm" (5/285), and through him Imam al-Bayhaqi in "al-Sunan al-Kubra" (10/300) and "Ma'rifat al-Sunan wa al-Athar" (14/20559), via Abu Tuwalah 'Abd Allah bin 'Abd al-Rahman bin Ma'mar, as "mursal", in similar wording.
Grading: All its narrators are thiqah.
Details of the narration: However, this narration mentions that the one who sent Salim's inheritance to the woman was Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) (not 'Umar).
Note / Clarification: There is no contradiction in this, as Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said in "al-Tamhid" (3/76-77): "The judgement was attributed to 'Umar because it was done by the order of Abu Bakr, and 'Umar was Abu Bakr's judge."
وأخرجه عبد الرزاق (16237)، وابن سعد في "طبقاته الكبرى" 3/ 83، والدارمي (3026)، والبخاري في "تاريخه الأوسط" 1/ 380، والبلاذُري في "أنساب الأشراف" 9/ 375 من طريق عبد الله بن شدّاد بن الهاد، مرسلًا. وهو من أجل المراسيل المذكورة هنا، لأنَّ عبد الله بن شداد تابعيٌّ كبيرٌ ولد في عهد النبي ﷺ، والإسناد صحيح إليه كما قال ابن حجر في "الإصابة" 8/ 214. لكن جاء في روايته أنَّ عمر بن الخطاب أرسل بميراث سالم لعَصَبة المرأة التي أعتقته فأبوا أن يأخذوه، وأنَّ عمر بن الخطاب قال: احبِسوه على أُمِّه حتى تستكمله أو تموتَ. وليس في هذا ما يُعارض ما تقدَّم، فإنَّ امرأة أبي حذيفة رفضت أخذ الميراث، فقضى عمر بن الخطاب بحبس هذا المال عليها يُنفَقُ عليها منه حتى تستوفيه أو تموت، ثم كأنها ماتت بعد سالمٍ بقليل ولم تستوفِ الميراث، فأرسل عمرُ ما تبقى من ميراثه إلى عصبتها، فأبوا أخذه فجعله عمر في بيت مال المسلمين. فزاد ابن شداد في روايته ما لم يزده غيره ممّن روى الخبر. ويؤيده ما أخرجه البخاري في "التاريخ الأوسط" 1/ 373، والبيهقي 10/ 300 من طريق عبد الله بن وديعة بن خِدام مرسلًا كذلك، فذكره بنحو ما رواه عبد الله بن شداد، ورجاله لا بأس بهم إلى عبد الله بن وديعة، وعبد الله هذا عده بعضهم في الصحابة، والصواب بأنه تابعي، وزاد في روايته أنَّ العَصبة المبهم ذكره في رواية ابن شداد هو أبوه وديعة بن خِدام، وجاء في رواية للبيهقي: أنَّ وديعة هذا وارِثُ سلمى بنت يعار امرأة أبي حذيفة. وهذا يشير إلى أنها ماتت بعد سالم بقليل، وأنَّ وديعة لما أبى أخذ الميراث جعله عمر في بيت المال.
Reference / Source: 'Abd al-Razzaq (16237), Ibn Sa'd in "al-Tabaqat al-Kubra" (3/83), al-Darimi (3026), al-Bukhari in "al-Tarikh al-Awsat" (1/380) and al-Baladhuri in "Ansab al-Ashraf" (9/375) narrated it via 'Abd Allah bin Shaddad bin al-Had as "mursal".
Grading: This is the finest of the mursal reports mentioned here, because 'Abd Allah bin Shaddad is one of the "senior Successors", born in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the chain up to him is "sahih", as Ibn Hajar said in "al-Isabah" (8/214).
Details of the narration: However, his narration states that 'Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) sent Salim's inheritance to the "'asabah" (agnatic relatives) of the woman, and they refused to take it. Upon this 'Umar said: "Hold it for his mother (i.e. the woman who freed him) (and spend it on her) until she uses it up in full or dies."
Note / Clarification: There is no contradiction in this with the previous narrations. What actually happened is that the wife of Abu Hudhayfah (initially) refused to take the inheritance, so 'Umar ruled that this wealth be held for her and her expenses be met from it until she used it up or died. Then it seems that she died a short while after Salim, before she had used up the whole inheritance, so 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sent the remaining inheritance to that woman's 'asabah (heirs); they too refused to take it, so 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) placed it in the public treasury (bayt al-mal). Thus Ibn Shaddad included in his narration details that the others did not.
Corroborating chains and supporting reports: This is supported by the narration which al-Bukhari recorded in "al-Tarikh al-Awsat" (1/373) and al-Bayhaqi (10/300) via 'Abd Allah bin Wadi'ah bin Khidam, also as mursal; he related it just like the narration of 'Abd Allah bin Shaddad.
Technical note / Defect ('illah): Its narrators up to 'Abd Allah bin Wadi'ah are acceptable. Some counted 'Abd Allah bin Wadi'ah among the Companions, but the correct view is that he is a Successor. His narration adds that the unnamed "'asabah" in Ibn Shaddad's narration was in fact his father "Wadi'ah bin Khidam". And in a narration of al-Bayhaqi it is stated explicitly that this Wadi'ah was the heir of Salma bint Ya'ar (the wife of Abu Hudhayfah). This indicates that the woman died a short while after Salim (may Allah be pleased with him), and that when Wadi'ah refused to take the inheritance, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) placed it in the public treasury.
وقد أخرجه عبد الرزاق (16232)، وابن سعد 3/ 82، وابن المنذر في "الأوسط" (6950)، والبيهقي 10/ 300 من طريق محمد بن سيرين مرسلًا أيضًا بإسناد صحيح إليه كما قال ابن حجر في "فتح الباري" 21/ 369: أنَّ ميراث سالم دفع إلى الأنصارية التي أعتقته أو ابنها، وفي رواية البيهقي: أنه اختُصم في ميراثه فجُعل للأنصار. وروايتا ابن سيرين هاتان مختصرتان جدًّا، وفي إحداهما ما ليس في الأخرى.
Reference / Source: 'Abd al-Razzaq (16232), Ibn Sa'd (3/82), Ibn al-Mundhir in "al-Awsat" (6950) and al-Bayhaqi (10/300) narrated this report via Muhammad bin Sirin, also as "mursal".
Grading: The chain up to Ibn Sirin is sahih, as al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in "Fath al-Bari" (21/369).
Details of the narration: This narration states: "Salim's inheritance was given to the Ansari woman who had freed him, or to her son." In al-Bayhaqi's narration: "There was a dispute over Salim's inheritance, and it was given to the Ansar."
Technical note: These two narrations of Ibn Sirin are very brief, and one of them contains details that the other does not.
وقد جاء في روايةٍ لعامرٍ الشعبي في هذا الخبر زيادة لم تُذكر فيما تقدَّم ذكره من الطرق، كما أخرجه ابن أبي شيبة 11/ 277: أنَّ أبا بكر أعطى ابنة سالم النصف، وأعطى النصف الثاني في سبيل الله. وأورد ابن عبد البر هذه الرواية بأطول ممّا هنا، وفيها: أنه عرض في النصف الباقي على مولاته، فقالت: لا أرجع في شيء من أمر سالم، إني جعلته لله، فجعل أبو بكر النصف الباقي في سبيل الله. فلم يذكر أحدٌ أنه كان لسالمٍ ابنةٌ غير الشعبي في روايته هذه، مع أنه في روايته التي تقدم ذكرها عند عبد الرزاق لم يذكر ذلك، فالصحيح أنَّ ما وقع في هذه الرواية شذوذٌ، لأنَّ مثل هذا في وجود ابنةٍ لسالم لو صحَّ للزم الآخرين ذكرُه، إذ الأمر متعلق بالميراث وليس أَولى بالميراث من الأبناء إذا وُجِدوا. فلا يُقال عندئذٍ: زاد الشعبي ما خفي ذكره على غيره، والله تعالى أعلم.
Reference / Source: In one narration of 'Amir al-Sha'bi about this incident there is an addition not mentioned in the previous routes, which Ibn Abi Shaybah (11/277) recorded: "Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) gave half of the inheritance to Salim's daughter and spent the other half in the path of Allah." Ibn 'Abd al-Barr cited this narration in more detail, in which it states: "The remaining half was offered to his mistress (the woman who had freed him), and she said: I will not take back anything of Salim's affair; I have given him to Allah. So Abu Bakr gave the remaining half too in the path of Allah."
Technical note / Defect ('illah): No one apart from al-Sha'bi mentioned that Salim had a daughter, even though al-Sha'bi's own narration which has passed with 'Abd al-Razzaq also does not mention a daughter.
Important point: The correct view is that this addition in this narration is "shudhudh" (anomalous), because if Salim had had a daughter, the other narrators would certainly have mentioned her, since this is a matter of inheritance, and no one is more entitled to inheritance than children when they exist. Therefore the principle "al-Sha'bi added something that was hidden from others" does not apply here (rather, it is his error). And Allah knows best.
وبانَ بذلك أنَّ أو في الروايات في قضية سالم هذه روايتا عبد الله بن شداد وعبد الله بن وَديعة مجتمعتين، وجاء في رواية ابن شداد ما يدلُّ على أن قيمة ميراث سالم مئتا درهمٍ، فكأنَّ سلاحَه وفرسَه قُوِّما بذلك المبلغ، والله تعالى أعلم.
Important point / Summary: This discussion makes clear that, in this case of Salim (may Allah be pleased with him), the most complete account is obtained by reading the narrations of 'Abd Allah bin Shaddad and 'Abd Allah bin Wadi'ah together.
Details of the narration: The narration of Ibn Shaddad also indicates that the total value of Salim's inheritance was "two hundred dirhams"; presumably his weapons and horse were valued at that amount. And Allah knows best.