The time of Isha: Abu Hanifah said the time of Isha lasts until midnight

Sa'id (bin al-Musayyib) said that Qasamah (the oath procedure in cases of unresolved killing) existed (even) in the pre-Islamic era, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) upheld it in the case of a man of the Ansar who was found (slain) in a well of the Jews. The narrator said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began with the Jews, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) required fifty oaths of them. The Jews said: "We will never swear." Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the Ansar: "Will you swear?" The Ansar said: "We will never swear." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) placed the blood money of that slain man upon the Jews, because he had been killed among them.

Al-Zuhri said: Umar bin Abd al-Aziz called me and asked me about Qasamah. He said: "It seems to me that I should reject it. A Bedouin comes and testifies, and a man who was absent testifies." I said: "O Commander of the Faithful, you cannot reject it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave judgment by means of Qasamah, and after him (peace and blessings be upon him) the caliphs (also) gave judgment by it."

Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) states that some people of his tribe set out for Khaybar. They dispersed there, and they found one of them slain. So they said to those among whom the slain man had been found: "You have killed our companion." They said: "We did not kill him, nor do we know who the killer is." The narrator said: So these people came to the Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and said to him (peace and blessings be upon him): "O Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we set out for Khaybar and we found one of our men slain." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Let the eldest (speak), let the eldest (speak)." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them (the people of the slain man): "Will you bring witnesses against the one who killed him?" They said: "We have no witness." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then they will swear oaths before you." They said: "We do not accept the oaths of the Jews." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) disliked that the blood of that slain man should go to waste, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) paid one hundred of the camels of charity as blood money.

Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates from his grandfather that Huwayyisah and Muhayyisah, the sons of Mas'ud, and Abdullah and Abd al-Rahman, the sons of so-and-so (may Allah be pleased with them), went out to the area of Khaybar to fetch provisions. There Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) was attacked and he was killed. The narrator said: They mentioned this before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Will you swear fifty oaths and establish your right?" They said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), how can we swear oaths when we were not present (there)?" He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then shall the Jews clear themselves before you?" (that is, by swearing the oaths). They said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then the Jews will kill us." (That is, they will keep swearing false oaths.) The narrator said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money of that slain man from his own means.

Sulayman bin Yasar said: Qasamah is a truth. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave judgment by means of it. The Ansar were present with him (peace and blessings be upon him) when one Ansari man among them left; then (afterwards) the rest of the Ansar also left his (peace and blessings be upon him) presence. Suddenly they saw their companion soaked in blood, so they returned to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "The Jews have killed us," and they named one man among the Jews, but they had no witness. So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "Let there be two witnesses from other than you, so that I may hand the named man over to you." But they had no witness. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Establish your right by fifty oaths, so that I may hand this man over to you." They said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), we dislike swearing about something unseen." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to take fifty oaths from the Jews, but the Ansar said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), the Jews do not care about oaths. When we accept this (the oaths over the slain man) from them, they will wipe us out to the last of us." So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) paid the blood money of that slain man from his own means. It is mentioned that the view of (Imam) Abu Hanifah is: The oaths of those claiming the blood will not be accepted.