مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب الزهد
Book of Asceticism
كلام أبي بكر الصديق ﵁
The words of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him)
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٣٧١٥٠ - حدثنا محمد بن فضيل عن عبد الرحمن بن إسحاق عن عبد اللَّه القرشي عن عبد اللَّه بن (عكيم) (١) قال: خطبنا أبو بكر فقال: أما بعد فإني أوصيكم بتقوى اللَّه، وأن تثنوا عليه بما هو له أهل، وأن تخلطوا (الرغبة بالرهبة) (٢) وتجمعوا ⦗٢٩٦⦘ الإلحاف بالمسألة، فإن اللَّه أثنى على زكريا وعلى أهل بيته فقال: ﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ﴾ [الأنبياء: ٩٠]، ثم اعلموا عباد اللَّه، أن اللَّه قد ارتهن بحقه أنفسكم، وأخذ على ذلك مواثيقكم، واشترى منكم القليل الفاني بالكثير الباقي، وهذا كتاب اللَّه فيكم لا تفنى عجائبه و (لا) (٣) يطفأ نوره، فصدقوا (بقوله) (٤)، وانتصحوا (كتابه) (٥)، واستبصروا فيه ليوم الظلمة، فإنما خلقكم للعبادة، ووكل بكم الكرام الكاتبين يعلمون ما تفعلون، ثم اعلموا -عباد اللَّه- أنكم تغدون وتروحون في أجل قد غيب عنكم علمه، فإن استطعتم أن تنقضي الآجال وأنتم في عمل اللَّه فافعلوا، ولن تستطيعوا ذلك إلا باللَّه، فسابقوا في مهل آجالكم قبل أن تنقضي آجالكم فيردكم إلى أسوأ أعمالكم، فإن أقواما جعلوا آجالهم لغيرهم ونسوا أنفسهم فأنهاكم أن تكونوا أمثالهم، فالوحاء الوحاء والنجاء النجاء فإن وراءكم طالبا حثيثا (مَرُّة) (٦) سريع (٧).
It is narrated from Abdullah bin Ukaym, who said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a sermon to us and said: To proceed: I advise you to fear Allah Almighty. And I advise you to praise Allah as He deserves to be praised, to keep fear mingled with longing, and to combine earnest persistence with your asking. For Allah Almighty praised Zakariyya and his household, saying: "Indeed, they used to hasten to good deeds and call upon Us in longing and in fear, and they were humbly submissive to Us." [Al-Anbiya: 90] Then know this, O servants of Allah: Allah Almighty has taken your souls in pledge for His right, and has taken firm covenants from you upon that. And Allah Almighty has bought from you the small thing that perishes in exchange for the abundant thing that remains. This is the Book of Allah among you. Its wonders do not end and its light does not go out. So affirm the truth of His word, take counsel from His Book, and seek insight from it for the Day of Darkness. Allah Almighty created you only for worship, and He has appointed over you the Noble Recorders (Kiraman Katibin). They know what you do. Then know this, O servants of Allah: you pass your mornings and evenings within a term whose knowledge has been kept hidden from you. If you are able to have your terms end while you are engaged in the work of Allah, then do so. And you cannot do this except by the enabling grace of Allah. So hasten during the remaining moments of your respite, before your lifespans are completed and you are returned to your evil deeds. Some people have given over their time to others and forgotten their own souls, but I forbid you from becoming like them. So hurry! So hurry! Seek salvation! Seek salvation! For behind you is a swift pursuer whose passing is very quick.
٣٧١٥١ - حدثنا أبو معاوية عن (جويبر) (١) عن الضحاك قال: رأى أبو بكر الصديق طيرا (واقعا) (٢) على شجرة (٣) فقال: طوبى لكَ يا طيرَ واللَّه لوددت أني ⦗٢٩٧⦘ كنت مثلك، تقع على (الشجر) (٤) وتأكل من الثمر ثم تطير وليس عليك حساب ولا عذاب، واللَّه لوددت (أني كنت) (٥) شجرة إلى جانب الطريق مر علي جمل فأخذني فأدخلني فاه فلاكني ثم (ازدردني) (٦) ثم أخرجني بعرا ولم أكن بشرا (٧).
It is narrated from al-Dahhak, who said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) saw a bird perched on a tree and said: O bird, glad tidings to you! By Allah, I would love to be like you. You perch on the trees, eat of the fruit, then fly away, and you face neither reckoning nor punishment. By Allah, I would love to be a tree growing at the side of the road, and that a camel would pass by me, take me and put me in its mouth, chew me, then swallow me, then bring me out as dung, and that I were not a human being.
٣٧١٥٢ - حدثنا عبد اللَّه بن إدريس عن إسماعيل بن أبي خالد عن (زبيد) (١) قال: لما حضرت أبا بكر الوفاة أرسل إلى عمر فقال: إني موصيك بوصية إن حفظتها: أن للَّه حقا في الليل لا يقبله في النهار، وإن للَّه حقًا في النهار لا يقبله في الليل، وإنه لا يقبل نافلة حتى تؤدى الفريضة، وإنما خفت موازين (من خفت موازينه) (٢) يوم القيامة باتباعهم الباطل في (الدنيا) (٣) وخفته عليهم، وحق لميزان لا يوضع فيه إلا الباطل أن يكون خفيفا، وإنما ثقلت موازين من ثقلت موازينه يوم القيامة باتباعهم الحق في (الدنيا) (٤) وثقله عليهم، وحق لميزان لا يوضع فيه يوم القيامة إلا الحق أن يكون ثقيلا، ألم تر أن اللَّه ذكر أهل الجنة بصالح ما عملوا، [وتجاوز عن سيئاتهم، فيقول القائل: ألا (أبلغ) (٥) هؤلاء، وذكر أهل النار بسيء ما عملوا ورد عليهم صالح ما ⦗٢٩٨⦘ عملوا] (٦)، فيقول القائل: أنا خير من هؤلاء، وذكر آية الرحمة، وآية العذاب، فيكون المؤمن راغبا راهبا، ولا يتمنى على اللَّه غير الحق، ولا يلقي بيديه إلى التهلكة، فإن أنت حفظت قولي هذا فلا يكن غائب أحب إليك من الموت ولا بد لك منه، وإن أنت ضيعت قولي هذا فلا يكن غائب أبغض إليك منه ولن تعجزه (٧).
It is narrated from Zubayd, who said: When death approached Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he sent for Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: I am giving you a counsel, if you will preserve it. Allah Almighty has a right during the night which Allah Almighty does not accept in the day, and Allah Almighty has a right during the day which Allah Almighty does not accept at night. And voluntary deeds are not accepted until the obligations are fulfilled. Those whose deeds are light on the Day of Resurrection will have light deeds only because they followed falsehood in the world and falsehood felt light to them. And it is only right that a scale in which nothing but falsehood is placed should be light. And those whose deeds are heavy on the Day of Resurrection will have heavy deeds only because they followed the truth in the world and the truth felt heavy upon them. And it is only fitting that a scale in which the truth is placed on the Day of Resurrection should be heavy. Do you not see that Allah Almighty has mentioned the people of Paradise by their good deeds and has overlooked their errors? So one who speaks says: I cannot reach these people. And Allah Almighty has mentioned the people of Hell by their evil deeds and has rejected their good deeds back upon them. So one who speaks says: I am better than these people. And Allah Almighty has mentioned the verse of mercy and the verse of punishment, so that the believer may be both fearful and longing, may not wish anything of Allah other than the truth, and may not throw himself into destruction with his own hands. If you preserve these words of mine, then nothing absent from you will be more beloved to you than death, and death is inevitable. And if you neglect these words of mine, then nothing absent from you will be more hateful to you than death, and you cannot escape it.
٣٧١٥٣ - حدثنا وكيع قال: حدثنا الأعمش عن سليمان بن ميسرة عن طارق ابن شهاب عن (رافع بن أبي رافع) (١) قال: (رافقت) (٢) أبا بكر وكان له كساء (فدكي) (٣) يخله عليه إذا ركب، (ونلبسه) (٤) أنا وهو إذا نزلنا، وهو الكساء الذي عيرته به هوازن، فقالوا: (أذا) (٥) (الخلال) (٦) نبايع بعد رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٧).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Abi Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: I accompanied Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). He had a cloak from Fadak which he would gather around himself when riding, and when we dismounted we would wear it. This is the very cloak for which the tribe of Hawazin taunted Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), saying: Shall we give allegiance to this man of the cloak after the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)?
٣٧١٥٤ - حدثنا يزيد بن هارون قال: أخبرنا محمد بن عمرو عن محمد بن إبراهيم قال: لما نزلت: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَغُضُّونَ أَصْوَاتَهُمْ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ امْتَحَنَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ لِلتَّقْوَى﴾ [الحجرات: ٣] قال أبو بكر الصديق: (يا رسول اللَّه ﷺ) (١) (٢) ⦗٢٩٩⦘ لا أكلمك إلا كأخي السرار حتى ألقى اللَّه (٣).
It is narrated from Muhammad bin Ibrahim, who said: When this verse was revealed: "Indeed, those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah, they are the ones whose hearts Allah has tested for righteousness" [Al-Hujurat: 3], Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), until my last breath I will speak to you only like a man who whispers.
٣٧١٥٥ - حدثنا يزيد بن هارون قال: أخبرنا حماد بن سلمة عن ثابت عن أنس قال: كان أبو بكر يخطبنا فيذكر (بدء) (١) خلق الإنسان فيقول: خلق (٢) من مجرى البول من نتن، فيذكر حتى يتقذر أحدنا نفسه (٣).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) was delivering a sermon to us. He mentioned the beginning of the creation of man and said: Man was created from the stench of the urinary passage. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) continued to mention this until each of us began to consider himself filthy.
٣٧١٥٦ - حدثنا وكيع عن (مسعر) (١) عن (أبي) (٢) عون عن عرفجة السلمي قال: قال أبو بكر: ابكوا، فإن لم تبكوا فتباكوا (٣).
It is narrated from Arfajah al-Sulami, who said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Weep. And if you cannot weep, then put on the appearance of weeping.
٣٧١٥٧ - حدثنا أبو أسامة عن زائدة عن عبد الملك بن عمير عن ربعي عن أبي موسى قال: قال عمرو بن العاص: واللَّه لئن كان أبو بكر وعمر تركا هذا المال وهو يحل لهما شيء منه، لقد غُبنا ونقص رأيهما، وأيم اللَّه (ما كانا) (١) بمغبونين ولا ناقصي الرأي، ولئن كانا امرأين يحرم عليهما من هذا المال الذي أصبنا بعدهما لقد هلكنا، وأيم اللَّه ما الوهم إلا من قبلنا (٢).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! If Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) left this wealth while some of it was lawful for them, then they were deceived, or there was a deficiency in their judgement. (Then he said:) By Allah! The two of them were neither deceived nor deficient in judgement. And if the two of them were such that what came to us after them was forbidden to them, then we have certainly perished. And by Allah, this error lies on our side alone.
٣٧١٥٨ - حدثنا جرير عن منصور عن مجاهد قال: قام أبو بكر خطيبا فقال: أبشروا فإني أرجو أن يتم اللَّه هذا الأمر، حتى تشبعوا من الزيت والخبز (١).
It is narrated from Mujahid, who said: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up to deliver a sermon and said: Glad tidings to you, for I hope that Allah Almighty will complete this matter until you have your fill of olive oil and bread.
٣٧١٥٩ - حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن محمد المحاربي عن مالك عن أبي السفر قال: دخل على أبي بكر ناس من إخوانه يعودونه في مرضه فقالوا (له) (١): يا خليفة رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٢) ألا ندعو لك طبيبا ينظر إليك؟ قال: قد نظر إلي، قالوا: فماذا قال لك؟ قال: قال: (إني) (٣) فعال لما (أريد) (٤) (٥).
It is narrated from Abu al-Safar, who said: During the illness of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), some of his brothers came to visit him and said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), shall we not call a physician for you to examine you? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Physician has already looked at me. The people asked: Then what did He say to you? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Physician said: I will surely do whatever I have intended.
٣٧١٦٠ - حدثنا خالد بن حيان عن جعفر بن برقان عن ميمون قال: أتي أبو بكر (بغراب) (١) وافر الجناحين فقال: ما صيد من صيد و (لا) (٢) عضد من شجر إلا بما (ضيعت) (٣) من التسبيح (٤).
It is narrated from Maymun, who said: A crow with large wings was brought to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: No game is hunted and no tree is cut down except that it has neglected the glorification of Allah (tasbih).
