مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب السير
Book of Military Conduct
في المكر و (الخدعة) في الحرب
Scheming and deception in war
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٣٥٩١٢ - حدثنا وكيع قال: (ثنا) (١) سفيان عن أبي إسحاق عن (سعيد) (٢) ابن ذي حدان عمن سمع عليًا يقول: إن اللَّه سمى الحرب على لسان نبيه ﷺ خدعة (٣).
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah Almighty named war 'deception' on the blessed tongue of His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." (It is a name for employing a stratagem.)
٣٥٩١٣ - حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن سليمان عن زكريا عن أبي إسحاق عن سعيد ابن ذي حدان عن علي بن أبي طالب قال: إن اللَّه قضى على لسان نبيه ﷺ أن الحرب خدعة، وإني محارب أتكلم في الحرب، قال: ولكن إذا قلت: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ؛ فواللَّه لأن أخر من السماء أحب إليّ من أن أقول على رسول اللَّه ﷺ ما لم يقل (١).
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Allah Almighty decreed on the blessed tongue of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that war is a matter of employing a stratagem. Indeed I am a warrior, and I speak about war." He said: "But when I say that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said something, then by Allah, it would be dearer to me to fall headlong from the sky than to say about the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) what he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not say."
٣٥٩١٤ - حدثنا ابن مبارك عن معمر عن الزهري عن عبد الرحمن بن كعب ابن مالك عن أبيه قال: كان رسول اللَّه ﷺ إذا أراد غزوة ورى بغيرها (١).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ka'b bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to set out on a journey of jihad, he would make it appear to be some other journey (that is, he would keep the journey of jihad hidden).
٣٥٩١٥ - حدثنا ابن عيينة عن عمرو سمع جابرا يقول: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "إن اللَّه يخرج ناس من النار (بعد أن صاروا حمما) (١) " (٢).
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty will bring people out of Hell on the Day of Resurrection after they have become charcoal."
٣٥٩١٦ - قال: وقال النبي ﷺ: "الحرب خدعة" (١).
He said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "War is deception."
٣٥٩١٧ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا الأعمش عن خيثمة عن (سويد) (١) بن غفلة قال: قال (علي) (٢): إذا حدثتكم فيما بيني وبينكم فإن الحرب خدعة، وإذا حدثتكم عن رسول اللَّه ﷺ؛ فلأن أخر من السماء أحب إلي من أن أكذب (٣).
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "When I tell you something that is between me and you, then war is the employing of a secret stratagem. But if I tell you that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said something, then it is dearer to me to fall headlong from the sky than to tell a lie."
٣٥٩١٨ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا هشام بن عروة عن أبيه قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "الحرب خدعة" (١).
It is narrated from Urwah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "War is the employing of a secret stratagem."
٣٥٩١٩ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا إسماعيل بن أبي خالد عن قيس قال: بعث النبي ﷺ عمرو بن العاص في غزوة ذات السلاسل فأصابهم برد شديد فقال: لا يوقدن رجل نارًا، ثم قاتل القوم، فلما قدموا على النبي ﷺ شكوا ذلك إليه، ⦗٥٢٩⦘ فقال: يا رسول اللَّه كان في أصحابي قلة، وخشيت أن يرى القوم قلتهم، ونهيتهم أن يتبعوا العدو مخافة أن يكون لهم كمين من وراء الجبل، قال: فأعجب ذلك رسول اللَّه ﷺ (١).
It is narrated from Qays that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) as commander on the campaign of Dhat al-Salasil. His army was struck by severe cold. Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered: "No one is to light a fire." Then they fought the enemy. When the army returned, they complained about this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah, my army was small, and I feared that if a fire were lit the enemy would see how few we were. I also forbade them to pursue the enemy for the same reason, in case some enemy was lying in ambush behind the mountain." The narrator said: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was greatly pleased with this method and stratagem.
٣٥٩٢٠ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا المنذر بن ثعلبة عن عبد اللَّه بن بريدة قال: قال عمر لأبي بكر (لما) (١) لم (يدع) (٢) (عمرو الناس) (٣) أن يوقدوا نارا: ألا ترى إلى هذا الذي منع الناس منافعهم؟ قال: فقال أبو بكر: دعه (فإنما) (٤) ولاه رسول اللَّه ﷺ علينا لعلمه بالحرب (٥).
Abdullah bin Buraydah said that when Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) forbade the people to light a fire, Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him): "Do you see this man who has kept the people from what benefits them?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Leave him be. It was because of his skill in the stratagems of war that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) made him our commander."
٣٥٩٢١ - حدثنا جرير عن عطاء بن السائب عن الشعبي قال: مكر رسول اللَّه ﷺ يوم أحد بالمشركين، فكان أول (يوم) (١) مكر بهم فيه (٢).
Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) employed a secret stratagem against the polytheists on the day of the Battle of Uhud. That was the first occasion and day on which a stratagem was used against them."
٣٥٩٢٢ - حدثنا حسين بن علي عن زائدة عن عبد الملك بن أبجر قال: قال رجل يقال له صبيح: كنا معاشر الفطح مع علي، قال: وكان علي رجلًا ⦗٥٣٠⦘ (مجربًا) (١)، قال: وكان يقول: الحرب خدعة، قال: فينتهي إلى الصخرة، قال: فيقول: اللَّه أكبر، صدق اللَّه ورسوله صخرة، قال: فنرى نحن أنه شيء قيل له، قال: فينتهي إلى دجلة، فيقول: دجلة (٢) اللَّه أممبر صدق اللَّه ورسوله، فنرى نحن أنه شيء قيل له (٣).
Abd al-Malik bin Abjar (may Allah have mercy on him) reported that a man called Subayh said: "We, the people of al-Futh, were with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him)." He said: "Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) was an experienced man, and he used to say: 'War is deception.'" He said: "He would reach the rock and say: 'Allah is the Greatest! Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke the truth: a rock!' We would think it was something that had been told to him. Then he would reach the Tigris and say: 'The Tigris! Allah is the Greatest! Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke the truth.' And we would think it was something that had been told to him."
٣٥٩٢٣ - حدثنا وكيع قال: ثنا إسرائيل عن جابر عن عامر قال: الحرب خدعة.
Amir (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "War is deception."
