مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب الحدود
Book of Legal Punishments
فيما يحقن به الدم ويرفع به عن الرجل القتل
What protects blood and spares a man from being killed
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٣٠٨٦٩ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو خالد الأحمر سليمان بن (حيان) (١) عن الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان عن أسامة قال: بعثنا رسول اللَّه ﷺ في سرية فصبحنا (الحرقات) (٢) من جهينة فأدركت رجلًا فقال: لا إله إلا اللَّه فطعنته، فوقع في نفسي من ذلك، فذكرته للنبي ﷺ (٣) فقال: رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٤) قال: "لا إله إلا اللَّه وقتلته؟ " قال: قلت: يا رسول اللَّه، إنما (قالها) (٥) فرقًا من (السلاح) (٦) (قال: "أفلا) (٧) شققت عن قلبه حتى تعلم قالها أم لا؟ " قال: فما زال يكررها علي حتى تمنيت أني أسلمت يومئذ (٨).
Abu Zabyan said: Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us with a military detachment, and we attacked al-Huruqat of the tribe of Juhaynah in the morning. I came upon a man, and he said: La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). Then I stabbed him with a spear. After that, unease arose in my heart about it, so I mentioned this to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: He recited La ilaha illa Allah, and you still killed him? I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! He only recited this statement out of fear of the weapon! He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Why did you not split open his heart, so that you would have known whether he recited this statement out of fear or not? He said: He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept repeating this to me until I wished that I had accepted Islam only on that day.
٣٠٨٧٠ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو معاوية عن الأعمش عن أبي ظبيان عن أسامة قال: بعثنا رسول اللَّه ﷺ في سرية فذكره نحوه (١).
Abu Zabyan said: Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent us with a military detachment. Then the narrator mentioned the preceding report.
٣٠٨٧١ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا حفص بن غياث عن الأعمش عن أبي سفيان عن جابر (١).
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they say La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). When they recite this statement, they have safeguarded from me their blood and their wealth, except for a right due from them, and their reckoning is with Allah.
٣٠٨٧٢ - وعن أبي صالح عن أبي هريرة (قالا) (١): قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله إلا اللَّه فإذا قالوها منعوا مني دماءهم وأموالهم إلا بحقها وحسابهم على اللَّه" (٢).
And through Abu Salih from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him), the two of them (Sayyiduna Jabir and Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they say La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). When they recite this statement, they have safeguarded from me their blood and their wealth, except for a right due from them, and their reckoning is with Allah.
٣٠٨٧٣ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا أبو خالد الأحمر عن أبي مالك عن أبيه قال: سمعت النبي ﷺ يقول: "من وحد اللَّه وكفر بما يعبد من دونه فقد حرم دمه وحسابه على اللَّه" (١).
Sayyiduna Tariq bin Ashyam al-Ashja'i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever affirms the oneness of Allah and rejects the false things that are worshipped besides Him, his blood has indeed become sacred, and his reckoning is with Allah.
٣٠٨٧٤ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع قال: حدثنا سفيان عن أبي الزبير عن جابر قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل (الناس) (١) حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فإذا قالوها عصموا مني دماءهم وأموالهم، إلا بحقها، وحسابهم على اللَّه"، ثم قرأ: ﴿فَذَكِّرْ إِنَّمَا أنت مُذَكِّرٌ (٢١) لَسْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِمُصَيْطِرٍ﴾ [الغاشية: ٢١ - ٢٢] (٢).
Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they recite the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). When they recite this statement, they have safeguarded from me their lives and their wealth, except for some right due from them, and their reckoning is with Allah. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) recited these verses: So (O Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)) keep admonishing; you are only an admonisher. You are not a compeller over them. [Al-Ghashiyah: 21-22]
٣٠٨٧٥ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا عبد اللَّه بن بكر السهمي عن حاتم بن أبي صغيرة عن النعمان بن سالم أن عمرو بن أوس أخبره عن أبيه أن رسول اللَّه ﷺ قال: "أُمرت أن أُقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله إلا اللَّه" (١).
Sayyiduna Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they recite the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah).
٣٠٨٧٦ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا الفضل بن دكين عن أبان بن عبد اللَّه عن إبراهيم بن جرير (عن جرير) (١) قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه" (٢).
Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they recite the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah).
٣٠٨٧٧ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع عن سفيان عن (١) صالح مولى (التوأمة عن أبي) (٢) هريرة قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أمرت أن أُقاتل الناس حتى يقولوا لا إله (إلا اللَّه) (٣)، فإذا قالوها حرمت عليَّ دماوهم وأموالهم إلا بحقها وحسابهم على اللَّه" (٤).
Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I have been ordered to fight the people until they recite the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). When they recite this statement, their lives and their wealth are sacred to me, except for some right due from them, and their reckoning is with Allah.
٣٠٨٧٨ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع قال: (حدثنا) (١) سفيان عن حبيب ابن أبي عمرة عن سعيد بن جبير قال: خرج المقداد بن الأسود في سرية، فمروا ⦗٣١⦘ برجل في (غنيمة له) (٢) فأرادوا قتله فقال: لا إله إلا اللَّه، فقال المقداد: (ود) (٣) لو (فرّ بأهله) (٤) وماله، قال: فلما قدموا (ذكروا) (٥) ذلك للنبي ﷺ (٦) فنزلت: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ قال: الغنيمة، ﴿فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ كَذَلِكَ كُنْتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ قال: تكتمون إيمانكم من المشركين ﴿فَمَنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ﴾ فأظهر الإسلام (﴿فَتَبَيَّنُوا﴾) (٧) وعيدًا من اللَّه ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا﴾ (٨) [النساء: ٩٤].
Sa'id bin Jubayr said: Sayyiduna Miqdad bin al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him) went out with a military detachment, and they passed by a man who was among his flock. They wanted to kill him, so he recited the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah). At this Sayyiduna Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: He wishes that he could flee with his family and his wealth; that would be good for him. The narrator said: When they returned, they mentioned this incident before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and this verse was revealed: "O you who believe! When you go out (for jihad) in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer,' seeking the goods of the worldly life." He said: What is meant is the flock of goats. "For with Allah are abundant spoils. Such were you before Islam." He said: You used to hide your faith from the polytheists. "Then Allah bestowed His favor upon you." What is meant is that He gave Islam dominance. "So investigate carefully." He said: This is a warning from Allah. "Indeed, Allah is fully aware of whatever you do." [An-Nisa: 94]
٣٠٨٧٩ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن سليمان عن إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال: مر رجل من بني سليم على نفر من أصحاب رسول اللَّه ﷺ ومعه غنم، (فسلم) (١) عليهم فقالوا: ما سلم عليكم إلا ليتعوذ منكم، فعمدوا إليه فقتلوه، وأخذوا غنمه فأتوا بها رسول اللَّه ﷺ، فأنزل اللَّه: ﴿يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ فَتَبَيَّنُوا وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَنْ أَلْقَى إِلَيْكُمُ ⦗٣٢⦘ السَّلَامَ لَسْتَ مُؤْمِنًا تَبْتَغُونَ عَرَضَ الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا فَعِنْدَ اللَّهِ مَغَانِمُ كَثِيرَةٌ﴾، إلى آخر الآية (٢).
Ikrimah said: Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: A man of the tribe of Banu Sulaym passed by the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he had sheep and goats with him. He greeted them with salam. They said: He has only greeted you with salam so that he may save himself from you. So they went for him and killed him, took his sheep and goats, and brought them to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). At this Allah, the Lord of Honor, revealed this verse: "O you who believe! When you go out (for jihad) in the way of Allah, investigate carefully, and do not say to one who greets you with salam, 'You are not a believer.' Do you seek the goods of the worldly life? With Allah are abundant spoils." (to the end of the verse)
٣٠٨٨٠ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا وكيع قال: حدثنا إسرائيل عن سماك عن عكرمة عن (ابن عباس) (١) بمثله ولم يذكر، فأتوا بها النبي ﷺ (٢) (٣).
The above statement of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) is also reported from Ikrimah through this chain. However, he did not mention that they took that flock to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
٣٠٨٨١ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا شبابة بن سوار قال: حدثنا ليث بن (١) سعد عن ابن شهاب عن عطاء بن يزيد الليثي عن (عبيد اللَّه) (٢) بن عدي بن الخيار عن المقداد أنه أخبره أنه قال: يا رسول اللَّه أرأيت إن لقيت رجلًا من الكفار فقاتلني فضرب إحدى يدي بالسيف فقطعها، ثم لاذ مني بشجرة فقال: أسلمت للَّه: أقتله يا رسول اللَّه (٣) بعد أن قالها؟ فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "لا تقتله"، فقلت: يا رسول اللَّه، قطع يدي ثم قال (ذلك بعد) (٤) أن قطعها فأقتله؟ قال: "لا تقتله (وإن قتلته) (٥) فإنه بمنزلتك قبل أن تقتله، وأنت بمنزلته قبل أن يقول: الكلمة التي قال" (٦).
Ubaydullah bin Adi bin al-Khiyar said: Sayyiduna Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! What is your view (peace and blessings be upon him): if I meet a man of the disbelievers, and he fights me and cuts off one of my hands with a blow of the sword, and then he seeks refuge from me behind a tree and says: I have embraced Islam for Allah, O Messenger of Allah! May I kill him after he has recited this statement? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not kill him. I said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! He cut off my hand, and then he recited this statement after cutting it off; may I then kill him? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Do not kill him. And if you kill him, then he will be in your position, as you were before you killed him, and you will be in his position, as he was before he said the statement that he recited.
٣٠٨٨٢ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا شبابة بن سوار قال: حدثنا سليمان بن المغيرة عن حميد بن هلال قال: جاء أبو العالية إليَّ وإلى صاحب لي (فقال) (١): هلما فإنكما أشب مني (و) (٢) أوعى للحديث مني، فانطلقنا حتى أتينا بشر بن عاصم الليثي (فقال) (٣) [أبو العالية: حدث هذين حديثك، فقال: حدثنا عقبة بن مالك الليثي] (٤) (فقال) (٥): بعث النبي ﷺ (٦) سرية فأغارت على القوم (فشذ) (٧) رجل من القوم فأتبعه رجل من السرية معه سيف شاهر، فقال الشاذ من القوم: إني مسلم، فلم ينظر (فيما قال) (٨)، فضربه فقتله، فنمى الحديث إلى النبي ﷺ فقال النبي ﵇ (٩) قولًا شديدًا، فبلغ القاتل (١٠)، فبينما النبي ﷺ يخطب إذ قال القاتل: واللَّه يا نبي اللَّه، ما قال الذي قال إلا تعوذا من القتل، فأعرض النبي ﷺ (عنه) (١١) وعمن يليه من الناس، وفعل ذلك مرتين كل ذلك يعرض عنه النبي ﷺ بوجهه، فلم يصبر أن قال الثالثة مثل ذلك، (وأقبل النبي) (١٢) ﵇ ⦗٣٤⦘ بوجهه تعرف (المساءة) (١٣) في وجهه فقال: "إن اللَّه أبى علي فيمن قتل مؤمنًا -ثلاث مرات- يقول ذلك" (١٤).
Humayd bin Hilal said: Abu al-Aliyah came to me and to a companion of mine and said: Come along, for you two are younger than I am and better at retaining hadith than I am. So we went until we came to Bishr bin Asim al-Laythi. Abu al-Aliyah said: Relate your hadith to these two. He said that Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Malik al-Laythi (may Allah be pleased with him) related to us: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent out a military detachment, which attacked a people. A man from those people broke away and ran, and a man from the detachment pursued him with a drawn sword. The man who was running from those people said: I am a Muslim. The man from the detachment did not consider what he said, and struck him and killed him. Then this was conveyed to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said something severe about it, and this reached the killer. Then, while the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was delivering a sermon, the killer said: O Prophet of Allah! By Allah, whatever he said, he said only to save himself from being killed. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned away from him and from those people who were next to him. He (peace and blessings be upon him) did this twice, and each time the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face away from him. Then he could not restrain himself, and he said the same thing a third time. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned his face toward him, with displeasure evident on his (peace and blessings be upon him) face. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Indeed, Allah has refused me concerning the one who kills a believer. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said this three times.
٣٠٨٨٣ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا يزيد بن هارون قال: أخبرنا سفيان بن حسين عن الزهري عن عبيد اللَّه بن عبد اللَّه بن عتبة قال: لما ارتد من ارتد على عهد أبي بكر أراد أبو بكر أن يجاهدهم، فقال عمر: (أتقاتلهم) (١) وقد سمعت رسول اللَّه ﷺ يقول: "من شهد لا إله إلا اللَّه وأن محمدًا رسول اللَّه، حرم (ماله) (٢) إلا بحق، (و) (٣) حسابهم على اللَّه (تعالى) (٤) " فقال أبو بكر: (أنا) (٥) (لا أقاتل) (٦) من فرق بين الصلاة والزكاة؟ واللَّه لأقاتلن من فرق بينهما حتى أجمعهما، قال عمر: فقاتلنا معه وكان رشدًا، فلما ظفر بمن ظفر به منهم قال: اختاروا مني خصلتين: إما (حرب) (٧) ⦗٣٥⦘ (مجلية) (٨) وإما الخطة المخزية، قالوا: هذه الحرب المجلية قد عرفناها فما الخطة المخزية؟ قال: تشهدون على قتلانا أنهم في الجنة وعلى قتلاكم أنهم في النار، ففعلوا (٩).
Al-Zuhri said: Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah said: When those who apostatized in the time of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) apostatized, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) intended to wage jihad against them. At this Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Will you fight them, although you heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Whoever bears witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah, his wealth has become sacred except for some right, and their reckoning is with Allah? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I will indeed fight whoever makes a distinction between prayer and zakah. By Allah, I will certainly fight whoever makes a distinction between the two, until I bring them together. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: So we fought alongside him, and that was right guidance. When he had prevailed over those of them whom he prevailed over, he said: Choose from me one of two things: either a war that drives you from your homes, or a humiliating plan of settlement. They said: This war that drives from homes we have understood; so what is this humiliating plan? He said: You bear witness concerning our slain that they are in Paradise, and concerning your own slain that they are in Hell. And they did so.
٣٠٨٨٤ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا الفضل بن دكين قال: حدثنا أبان بن عبد اللَّه البجلي قال: حدثني إبراهيم بن جرير عن جرير قال: إن نبي اللَّه بعثني إلى اليمن أقاتلهم وأدعوهم، فإذا قالوا: لا إله إلا اللَّه، حرمت عليكم أموالهم ودماؤهم (١).
Sayyiduna Jarir (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me to Yemen so that I might fight them and call them to the religion. When they have recited the statement La ilaha illa Allah (there is no god but Allah), their wealth and their lives are sacred to you.
