مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
قوله (تعالى): ﴿وإن كان من قوم بينكم وبينهم ميثاق﴾
On the words of Allah: "And if he is from a people between whom and you there is a treaty"
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٢٩٨٤٨ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد القطان عن سفيان عن سماك عن عكرمة.
Ikrimah and Ibrahim explained the verse: "And if the slain is from a people between whom and you there is a covenant" in this way: It is a man who accepted Islam in the abode of war, and then a man killed him: There will be no blood money upon him, and expiation will be binding upon him.
٢٩٨٤٩ - (وعن) (١) مغيرة عن إبراهيم ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾ [النساء: ٩٢]، قالا: الرجل يسلم في دار الحرب، فيقتله الرجل: ليس عليه الدية وعليه الكفارة.
And from Mughirah, from Ibrahim, regarding the verse: "And if he is from a people between whom and you there is a covenant" [Al-Nisa: 92]: They both said: It is a man who accepts Islam in the abode of war, and a man kills him: There is no blood money upon him, and expiation is upon him.
٢٩٨٥٠ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا جرير عن مغيرة عن إبراهيم في قوله (تعالى) (١): ﴿وَمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا خَطَأً فَتَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ وَدِيَةٌ مُسَلَّمَةٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ﴾ وإذا قُتل المسلم فهذا له ولورثته المسلمين، ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ﴾ الرجل (المسلم) (٢) يقتل وقومه مشركون، ليس بينهم وبين رسول اللَّه ﷺ عهد (فعليه تحرير رقبة ⦗٣٠٧⦘ مؤمنة) وأن قُتل (مسلمُ) (٣) من قوم مشركين بينهم وبين رسول اللَّه ﷺ عهد [فعليه تحرير رقبة مؤمنة، ويؤدي ديته إلى قومه الذين بينهم وبين رسول اللَّه ﷺ عهد] (٤). فيكون ميراثه للمسلمين، ويكون عقله (لقومه المشركين) (٥) الذين بينهم وبين رسول اللَّه ﷺ عهد، فيرث المسلمون ميراثه، ويكون عقله (لقومه) (٦)؛ لأنهم يعقلون عنه.
Mughirah said that concerning the saying of Allah, the Lord of Might: "And whoever kills a believer by mistake, let him free a believing slave and pay blood money to the heirs of the slain," Ibrahim said: When a Muslim is killed, this ruling is for him and for his Muslim heirs. And concerning the verse: "And if the slain is from a people who are your enemy and he is a believer," he said: It is the Muslim man who is killed while his people are polytheists who have no covenant between them and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him); then it is binding upon the killer to free a Muslim slave. And if someone killed a Muslim who belonged to a people of polytheists who had a covenant with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), then he is required to free a Muslim slave, and his blood money will be paid to the people who had a covenant with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). His inheritance will be for the Muslims, and his blood money will be for that polytheist people who had a covenant with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So the Muslims will inherit his estate, and his blood money will be for his people, because they are the ones who pay blood money on his behalf.
٢٩٨٥١ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا ابن إدريس عن عيسى بن (١) مغيرة عن الشعبي في قوله: ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾ قال: من أهل العهد وليس بمؤمن.
Isa bin Mughirah said that Imam al-Sha'bi, regarding the words of Allah, the Lord of Might: "And if the slain man is from a people between whom and you there is a covenant", said about this verse: "He is from among the people of the covenant and is not a Muslim."
٢٩٨٥٢ - حدثنا أبو بكر قال: حدثنا (معاوية) (١) بن هشام قال: حدثنا عمار ابن (رزيق) (٢) عن عطاء بن السائب عن أبي يحيى عن ابن عباس ﴿فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ عَدُوٍّ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ مُؤْمِنٌ﴾ قال: كان الرجل يأتي النبي ﵇ (٣) فيسلم، ثم يرجع إلى قومه فيكون فيهم وهم مشركون، فيصيبه المسلمون خطأ في سرية أو غزاة، فيعتق الذي يصيبه رقبة ﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ قَوْمٍ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ مِيثَاقٌ﴾ قال: هو الرجل يكون معاهدا -ويكون قومه أهل عهد- فيسلم إليهم الدية، ويعتق الذي أصابه رقبة (٤).
Abu Yahya said that Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), regarding the verse: "But if he is from a people hostile to you and he is a believer, then the freeing of a believing slave", said: "A man used to come to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he accepted Islam and went back to his people. He was among his people, and his people were polytheists, when the Muslims killed him by mistake in a raiding party or a battle, so the one who struck him freed a slave." And regarding the verse: "And if he is from a people between whom and you there is a covenant", he said: "That man was an ally, and his people had a covenant; the blood money (diyah) was paid to them, and the one who struck him freed a slave."
