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مصنف ابن ابي شيبه
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah
كتاب المغازي
Book of Military Campaigns
(حديث فتح مكة)
Reports on the conquest of Makkah
Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 39670 — Reports on the conquest of Makkah
٣٩٦٧٠ - حدثنا يزيد بن هارون قال: (أخبرنا) (١) محمد بن عمرو عن أبي سلمة ويحيى بن (عبد الرحمن) (٢) بن حاطب قالا: كانت بين رسول اللَّه ﷺ وبين المشركين هدنة، (فكان) (٣) بين بني كعب وبين بني بكر قتال بمكة. فقدم صريخ بني كعب على رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقال: اللهم (إني) (٤) ناشد محمدا … حلف أبينا وأبيه (الأتلدا) (٥) (فانصر) (٦) هداك اللَّه نصرا (عتدا) (٧) … وادع عباد اللَّه يأتوا مددا فمرت سحابة فرعدت فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "إن هذه لترعد بنصر بني كعب". ثم قال لعائشة: "جهزيني، ولا (تُعلِمنَّ) (٨) بذلك أحدًا"، فدخل عليها أبو بكر فأنكر بعض شأنها، فقال: ما هذا؟ قالت: أمرني رسول اللَّه ﷺ أن أجهزه، قال: إلى أين؟ (قالت) (٩): إلى مكة، قال: (فواللَّه) (١٠) ما انقضت الهدنة بيننا وبينهم بعد. فجاء أبو بكر إلى رسول اللَّه ﷺ فذكر له فقال النبي ﷺ: "إنهم أول من غدر"، ثم أمر (بالطرق) (١١) فحبست، ثم خرج وخرج المسلمون معه، فغم لأهل مكة ⦗٢٩⦘ (لا) (١٢) يأتيهم خبر، فقال أبو سفيان لحكيم بن حزام: أي حكيم واللَّه لقد (غُمِمْنا) (١٣) و (اغتممنا) (١٤) فهل لك أن تركب ما بيننا وبين (مر) (١٥)، (لعلنا) (١٦) أن نلقى خبرا؟ فقال له بديل بن ورقاء الكعبي من خزاعة: وأنا معكم، قالا: وأنت إن شئت. قال: فركبوا حتى إذا دنوا من ثنية مَر وأظلموا فأشرفوا على الثنية، فإذا النيران قد أخذت الوادي كله، قال أبو سفيان لحكيم: (أي حكيم) (١٧) ما هذه النيران؟ قال بديل ابن ورقاء: (هذه) (١٨) نيران بني عمرو، (جوعتها) (١٩) (الحرب) (٢٠)، قال: أبو سفيان: لا وأبيك (لبنو) (٢١) عمرو (أذل و) (٢٢) أقل من هؤلاء، فتكشف عنهم الأراك، فأخذهم حرس رسول اللَّه ﷺ نفر من الأنصار، وكان عمر بن الخطاب تلك الليلة على الحرس، فجاؤا بهم (إليه) (٢٣) (فقالوا) (٢٤): جئناك بنفر أخذناهم من أهل مكة، فقال عمر وهو يضحك إليهم: واللَّه لو جئتموني بأبي سفيان ما زدتم، قالوا: قد واللَّه أتيناك بأبي سفيان فقال: احبسوه. ⦗٣٠⦘ فحبسوه حتى أصبح، فغدى به على رسول اللَّه ﷺ فقيل له: بايع، فقال: لا أجد إلا ذاك أو شرا منه، فبايع، ثم قيل لحكيم بن حزام: بايع، فقال: أبايعك ولا أخر إلا قائمًا، قال: قال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "أما من قبلنا فلن تخر إلا قائما". فلما ولوا قال أبو بكر: أي رسول اللَّه (٢٥) إن أبا سفيان رجل يحب السماع -يعني الشرف- فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "من دخل دار أبي سفيان فهو آمن إلا ابن خطل، ومِقْيَس بن صُبابة الليثي، وعبد اللَّه بن سعد بن أبي سرح، (والقينتين) (٢٦)، فإن وجدتموهم متعلقين بأستار الكعبة (فاقتلوهم) (٢٧) ". قال: فلما ولوا قال أبو بكر: يا رسول اللَّه (٢٨) لو أمرت بأبي سفيان (فحبس) (٢٩) على الطريق، وأذن في الناس بالرحيل، (فأدركه) (٣٠) العباس فقال: هل لك إلى أن تجلس حتى تنظر، قال: بلى، و (٣١) لم (يكن) (٣٢) ذلك (إلا) (٣٣) أن (يرى) (٣٤) ضعفه، (فيتناولهم) (٣٥). ⦗٣١⦘ فمرت جهينة [فقال: (أي) (٣٦) عباس من هؤلاء؟ قال: هذه جهينة] (٣٧) قال: (ما لي) (٣٨) ولجهينة، واللَّه (ما كانت) (٣٩) بيني وبينهم حرب قط، ثم مرت مزينة فقال: أي عباس من هؤلاء؟ قال: هذه مزينة، قال: ما لي ولمزينة، واللَّه ما كانت بيني وبينهم حرب قط، ثم مرت سليم فقال: أي عباس من هؤلاء؟ قال: هذه سليم قال: ثم جعلت تمر طوائف العرب (فمرت) (٤٠) عليه أسلم وغفار، (فيسأل) (٤١) عنها فيخبره العباس. حتى مر رسول اللَّه ﷺ في أخريات الناس، في المهاجرين الأولين والأنصار في لامة تلتمع البصر، فقال: أي عباس من هؤلاء؟ قال: هذا رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٤٢) في المهاجرين الأولين والأنصار، قال: لقد أصبح ابن أخيك عظيم الملك، (قال) (٤٣): لا واللَّه، ما هو بمَلِكٍ، (ولكنها) (٤٤) النبوة، وكانوا عشرة آلاف أو اثني عشر ألفًا، قال: ودفع رسول اللَّه ﷺ (الراية) (٤٥) إلى سعد بن عبادة، فدفعها سعد إلى ابنه قيس بن سعد. وركب أبو سفيان فسبق الناس حتى اطلع عليهم من الثنية، قال له أهل ⦗٣٢⦘ مكة: ما وراءك؟ قال: ورائي الدهم، ورائي ما (لا قبل) (٤٦) لكم به، ورائي من لم أر مثله، من دخل داري فهو آمن، فجعل الناس يقتحمون داره. وقدم رسول اللَّه ﷺ فوقف بالحجون بأعلى مكة، وبعث الزبير بن العوام في الخيل في أعلى الوادي، وبعث خالد بن الوليد في الخيل في أسفل الوادي، وقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "إنك لخير (٤٧) أرض اللَّه وأحب أرض اللَّه إلي اللَّه، (وإني) (٤٨) واللَّه لو لم أخرج منك ما خرجت، وإنها لم تحل لأحد (كان) (٤٩) قبلي، ولا تحل لأحد بعدي، وإنما أحلت لي (ساعة من النهار) (٥٠)، وهي ساعتي هذه حرام، لا يعضد شجرها، ولا يحتش (جبلها) (٥١)، ولا يلتقط (ضالتها) (٥٢) إلا منشد"، فقال له رجل يقال له (شاء) (٥٣)، والناس يقولون: قال له العباس: يا رسول اللَّه إلا الإذخر، فإنه (لبيوتنا (وقبورنا)) (٥٤) (٥٥) (وقيوننا) (٥٦) أو لقيوننا (وقبورنا) (٥٧). فأما ابن خطل فوجد متعلقا بأستار الكعبة فقتل، وأما مقيس بن (صبابة) (٥٨) ⦗٣٣⦘ فوجدوه بين الصفا والمروة (فتبادروه) (٥٩) نفر من بني كعب ليقتلوه، فقال له ابن عمه (نميلة) (٦٠): خلوا عنه فواللَّه لا يدنوا منه رجل إلا ضربته بسيفي هذا حتى يبرد، فتأخروا عنه فحمل بسيفه ففلق به هامته وكره أن يفخر عليه (أحد) (٦١). ثم طاف رسول اللَّه ﷺ بالبيت، ثم دخل عثمان بن طلحة فقال: أي عثمان، أين المفتاح؟ فقال: هو عند أمي (سلامة) (٦٢) ابنة سعد، فأرسل إليها رسول اللَّه ﷺ، فقالت: لا واللات والعزى، لا أدفعه إليه أبدا، (قال) (٦٣): إنه قد جاء أمر غير الأمر الذي كنا عليه، فإنك إن لم تفعلي قتلت أنا وأخي، قال: فدفعته إليه، قال: فأقبل به حتى إذا كان وجاه رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٦٤) عثر فسقط المفتاح منه، فقام إليه رسول اللَّه ﷺ فأحنى عليه ثوبه. ثم فتح له عثمان فدخل رسول اللَّه ﷺ الكعبة فكبر في زواياها وأرجائها، وحمد اللَّه، ثم صلى بين الأسطوانتين ركعتين، ثم خرج فقام بين (البابين) (٦٥) (فقال) (٦٦) علي: فتطاولت لها ورجوت أن يدفع إلينا المفتاح، فتكون فينا السقاية ⦗٣٤⦘ والحجابة، فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٦٧): " (أين) (٦٨) عثمان؟ هاكم ما أعطاكم اللَّه"، فدفع إليه المفتاح. ثم رقى بلال على ظهر الكعبة فأذن، فقال خالد بن أَسِيد: ما هذا الصوت؟ قالوا: بلال بن رباح، قال: عبد أبي بكر الحبشي؟ قالوا: نعم، قال: أين؟ (قالوا) (٦٩): على ظهر الكعبة، قال: على (مرقبة) (٧٠) بني أبي طلحة؟ قالوا: نعم، قال: ما يقول؟ قالوا: (يقول) (٧١): أشهد أن لا إله إلا اللَّه، وأشهد أن محمدا رسول اللَّه، قال: لقد أكرم اللَّه أبا خالد عن أن يسمع هذا الصوت -يعني أباه، وكان ممن قتل (يوم) (٧٢) (بدر) (٧٣) في المشركين. وخرج رسول اللَّه ﷺ إلى حنين، وجمعت له هوازن (بحنين) (٧٤) فاقتتلوا، فهزم أصحاب رسول اللَّه ﷺ، قال اللَّه (٧٥): ﴿وَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ إِذْ أَعْجَبَتْكُمْ كَثْرَتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا﴾ [التوبة: ٢٥] الآية ثم أنزل اللَّه سكينته على رسوله وعلى المؤمنين، فنزل رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٧٦) عن دابته (فقال) (٧٧): "اللهم إنك إن شئت لم تعبد بعد اليوم، شاهت الوجوه"، ثم رماهم (بحصباء) (٧٨) كانت في يده فولوا مدبرين. ⦗٣٥⦘ فأخذ رسول اللَّه ﷺ السبي والأموال فقال لهم: "إن شئتم فالفداء وإن شئتم فالسبي"، قالوا: لن نؤثر اليوم على الحسب شيئًا، فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "إذا خرجت فاسألوني فإني سأعطيكم الذي لي، ولن يتعذر عليَّ أحد من المسلمين"، فلما خرج رسول اللَّه ﷺ (صاحوا) (٧٩) إليه فقال: "أما الذي لي فقد أعطيتكموه"، وقال المسلمون مثل ذلك، إلا عيينة بن حصن بن حذيفة بن بدر فإنه قال: أما الذي لي فإني لا أعطيه، قال: " (أنت) (٨٠) على حقك من ذلك"، قال: فصارت له يومئذ عجوز عوراء. ثم حاصر رسول اللَّه ﷺ أهل الطائف قريبًا من شهر، فقال عمر بن الخطاب: أي رسول اللَّه ﷺ (٨١)! دعني (فأدخل) (٨٢) عليهم فأدعوهم إلى اللَّه، قال: "إنهم إذن قاتلوك"، فدخل عليهم عروة فدعاهم إلى اللَّه فرماه رجل من بني مالك بسهم فقتله، فقال رسول اللَّه ﷺ: "مثله في (قومه) (٨٣) (مثل) (٨٤) صاحب ياسين"، وقال رسول اللَّه: ["خذوا مواشيهم وضيقوا عليهم". ثم أقبل رسول اللَّه ﷺ] (٨٥) راجعا حتى إذا كان بنخلة جعل الناس يسألونه (٨٦).
Abu Salamah and Yahya bin Abd al-Rahman bin Hatib both narrate that there was a truce between the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the polytheists (of Makkah). And a fight broke out in Makkah between Banu Ka'b and Banu Bakr. A caller for help from Banu Ka'b came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Allah, I adjure Muhammad by the old oath of our fathers and his. Help, may Allah guide you, with a strong help, and call the servants of Allah; they will come to give aid." 2. Then a cloud passed and thundered, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This cloud is thundering for the help of Banu Ka'b." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "Prepare my provisions, and do not tell anyone of this." (During this) Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came in to Sayyidah Aishah and found her state changed, so he asked: "What is this?" Sayyidah Aishah replied: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) has ordered me to prepare his provisions." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr asked: "For where?" Sayyidah Aishah replied: "For Makkah." Sayyiduna Abu Bakr said: "By Allah! The truce between us and them has not yet ended." Then Sayyiduna Abu Bakr came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned this to him (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "They were the first to break faith." 3. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that the roads be closed. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) and the other Muslims set out, and the people of Makkah were enclosed in such a way that no news could reach them. Abu Sufyan said to Hakim bin Hizam: "O Hakim! By Allah, we have been surrounded and covered over. Are you ready for us to ride from here to Marr al-Zahran and see (the situation)? Perhaps we may get some news." Budayl bin Warqa' al-Ka'bi of the tribe of Khuza'ah said: "I will come with you too." Abu Sufyan and Hakim said: "If you wish, come along." The narrator said: So they rode until they came near the pass of Marr al-Zahran. Darkness fell upon them and they climbed up the pass, and there were fires that had taken up the whole valley. Abu Sufyan said to Hakim: "O Hakim, what are these fires?" Budayl bin Warqa' said: "These are the fires of Banu Amr, whom war has starved." Abu Sufyan said: "No, by your father! Banu Amr are more abject and fewer than these." 4. Then when the arak trees no longer concealed them, the guards of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), a group of the Ansari Companions, seized them. That night Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was in charge of the guards. The guarding Companions brought them, Abu Sufyan and the others, to Sayyiduna Umar and said: "We have brought you some people we have seized from the people of Makkah." Sayyiduna Umar began laughing on seeing them and said: "By Allah, even if you had brought me Abu Sufyan, it would have been nothing more." The guarding Companions said: "By Allah, it is Abu Sufyan himself that we have brought you." (Upon this) Sayyiduna Umar said: "Lock him up." The Companions locked up Abu Sufyan until morning came. Then Sayyiduna Umar took Abu Sufyan to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It was said to Abu Sufyan: "Give the pledge (of Islam)." Abu Sufyan said: "At this moment I find only this situation or one even worse." Then he gave the pledge (to him (peace and blessings be upon him)). Then it was said to Hakim bin Hizam: "You (too) give the pledge." He said: "I pledge allegiance to you, and I shall not fall except standing." The narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for our side, you shall not fall except standing." 5. When these people had turned away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Abu Sufyan is a man who loves fame." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan is safe, except Ibn Khatal, Miqyas bin Subabah al-Laythi, Abdullah bin Sa'd bin Abi Sarh and the two singing slave-girls. If you find these (excepted) people clinging even to the curtains of the Ka'bah, kill them." The narrator said: Then when these people had turned away, Sayyiduna Abu Bakr said: "If you were to order that Abu Sufyan be held on the road, and then order the people to march." Then Sayyiduna al-Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) caught up with Abu Sufyan on the road (and held him back). Sayyiduna al-Abbas said to Abu Sufyan: "Will you sit so that you may watch something?" Abu Sufyan said: "Why not!" And all of this (holding him on the road and showing him the sight) was only so that Abu Sufyan would see their great number and ask about them. 6. During this the people of the tribe of Juhaynah passed. Abu Sufyan said: "O Abbas, who are these?" He said: "This is Juhaynah." He said: "What have I to do with Juhaynah? By Allah, there has never been any war between me and them." Then Muzaynah passed, and he said: "O Abbas, who are these?" He said: "This is Muzaynah." He said: "What have I to do with Muzaynah? By Allah, there has never been any war between me and them." Then Sulaym passed, and he said: "O Abbas, who are these?" He said: "This is Sulaym." The narrator said: Then the groups of the Arabs began to pass. Aslam and Ghifar passed by him; he would ask about each and Sayyiduna al-Abbas would tell him. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed at the rear of the people, among the first Muhajirun and the Ansar, in armour that dazzled the eye. Abu Sufyan said: "O Abbas, who are these?" He said: "This is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), among the first Muhajirun and the Ansar." He said: "The son of your brother has become great in kingship." He said: "No, by Allah, he is not a king; rather, it is prophethood." They were ten thousand or twelve thousand. The narrator said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) gave the banner to Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him), and Sayyiduna Sa'd gave it to his son, Sayyiduna Qays bin Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him). Abu Sufyan rode and got ahead of the people until he appeared before them from the pass. The people of Makkah said to him: "What is behind you?" He said: "Behind me is a great multitude. Behind me is what you have no power against. Behind me is one the like of whom I have never seen. Whoever enters my house is safe." So the people began rushing into his house. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived and halted at al-Hajun in the upper part of Makkah. He (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) with the cavalry to the upper part of the valley, and sent Sayyiduna Khalid bin al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) with the cavalry to the lower part of the valley. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You are the best of Allah's land and the land most beloved to Allah. By Allah, had I not been driven out of you, I would not have left. It was not lawful for anyone before me and it will not be lawful for anyone after me. It was made lawful for me only for an hour of the day, and at this hour of mine it is sacred. Its trees are not to be cut, the grass of its mountain is not to be gathered, and its lost property is not to be picked up except by one who announces it." A man called Sha', though the people say it was Sayyiduna al-Abbas, said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, except the idhkhir grass, for it is for our houses, our graves and our smiths," or "for our smiths and our graves." As for Ibn Khatal, he was found clinging to the curtains of the Ka'bah and was killed. As for Miqyas bin Subabah, they found him between al-Safa and al-Marwah, and a group from Banu Ka'b rushed at him to kill him. His cousin Numaylah said to them: "Leave him. By Allah, no man will come near him but I shall strike him with this sword of mine until he grows cold." So they drew back from him. Then he charged with his sword and split his skull with it, for he disliked that anyone should boast over him. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) circumambulated the House. Then Sayyiduna Uthman bin Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) entered, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Uthman, where is the key?" He said: "It is with my mother, Salamah bint Sa'd." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent him to her, and she said: "No, by al-Lat and al-Uzza, I shall never give it to him." He said: "A matter has come that is different from what we were upon. If you do not do this, I and my brother will be killed." He said: So she gave it to him. He came with it until, when he was facing the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he stumbled and the key fell from him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) got up to it and bent his garment over it. Then Sayyiduna Uthman opened (the door) for him, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the Ka'bah and said the takbir in its corners and sides and praised Allah. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) prayed two rak'ahs between the two pillars, then came out and stood between the two doors. Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I longed for it and hoped that the key would be given to us, so that the giving of water to the pilgrims and the keeping of the door would both be ours. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Where is Uthman? Here, take what Allah has given you," and he (peace and blessings be upon him) handed him the key. Then Sayyiduna Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) climbed to the top of the Ka'bah and called the adhan. Khalid bin Asid said: "What is this voice?" They said: "Bilal bin Rabah." He said: "The Abyssinian slave of Abu Bakr?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Where is he?" They said: "On top of the Ka'bah." He said: "On the high place of Banu Abi Talhah?" They said: "Yes." He said: "What is he saying?" They said: "He is saying: I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah." He said: "Allah has honoured Abu Khalid by sparing him from hearing this voice," meaning his father, who was among the polytheists killed on the day of Badr. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went out to Hunayn, and Hawazin gathered against him at Hunayn. They fought, and the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) were routed. Allah said: "And on the day of Hunayn, when your great number pleased you, but it availed you nothing" [Al-Tawbah: 25], the verse. Then Allah sent down His tranquillity upon His Messenger and upon the believers. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) dismounted from his animal and said: "O Allah, if You will, You shall not be worshipped after today. May the faces be disfigured!" Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) threw at them pebbles that were in his hand, and they turned and fled. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took the captives and the wealth, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to them: "If you wish, the ransom, and if you wish, the captives." They said: "Today we will prefer nothing over our honour." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When I come out, ask me, and I shall give you what is mine, and none of the Muslims will make any excuse to me." When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came out, they cried out to him, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "As for what is mine, I have given it to you." The Muslims said the like of that, except Uyaynah bin Hisn bin Hudhayfah bin Badr, who said: "As for what is mine, I will not give it." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You keep your right in that." He said: So on that day there fell to him a one-eyed old woman. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) besieged the people of al-Ta'if for nearly a month. Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), let me go in to them and call them to Allah." He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then they will kill you." Then Sayyiduna Urwah (may Allah be pleased with him) went in to them and called them to Allah, and a man from Banu Malik shot him with an arrow and killed him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "His likeness among his people is the likeness of the companion of Ya-Sin." And the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Take their livestock and press them hard." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) came back, returning, until when he was at Nakhlah the people began asking him (for spoils).
