المعجم الكبير للطبراني
Al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (Tabarani)
باب العين
Companions Whose Names Begin with Ayn (ع)
عبيد الله بن عبد الله عن ابن عباس
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him)
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حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَا نُصِرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَوْطِنٍ نَصْرَهُ فِي أُحُدٍ، فَأُنْكِرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ مَنْ يُنْكِرُ كِتَابُ اللهِ، إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ {وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَكُمُ اللهُ وَعْدَهُ إِذْ تَحُسُّونَهُمْ بِإِذْنِهِ} [آل عمران: ١٥٢] ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَالْحَسُّ: الْقَتْلُ، {حَتَّى إِذَا فَشِلْتُمْ} [آل عمران: ١٥٢] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَلَقَدْ عَفَا عَنْكُمْ وَاللهُ ذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ} [آل عمران: ١٥٢] ، وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى بِهَذَا الرُّمَاةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَامَهُمْ فِي مَرْصَدٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «احْمُوا ظُهُورَنَا، فَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا نُقْتَلُ فَلَا تَنْصُرُونَا، وَإِنْ رَأَيْتُمُونَا قَدْ غَنِمْنَا فَلَا تَشْرَكُونَا» ، فَلَمَّا غَنَّمَ اللهُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَبَاحَهُ عَسْكَرَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ انْكَفَّتِ الرُّمَاةُ جَمِيعًا فَدَخَلُوا الْعَسْكَرَ يَنْتَهِبُونَ، وَقَدِ الْتَفَّتْ صُفُوفُ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَهُمْ هَكَذَا، وَشَبَّكَ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ الْيُمْنَى وَالْيُسْرَى، فَلَمَّا أَخْلَتِ الرُّمَاةُ تِلْكَ الْحُلَّةَ الَّتِي كَانُوا فِيهَا دَخَلَتِ الْخَيْلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَضَرَبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَقَدْ كَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ حَتَّى مِنْ أَصْحَابِ لِوَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ سَبْعَةً أَوْ تِسْعَةً، وَجَالَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَوْلَةً نَحْوَ الْخَيْلِ، وَلَمْ يَبْلُغُوا حَيْثُ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ الْغَارَ، إِنَّمَا كَانُوا تَحْتَ الْمِهْرَاسِ، وَصَاحَ الشَّيْطَانُ: قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَلَمْ نَشُكَّ فِيهِ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ، قَالَ: وَإِنَّا كَذَلِكَ لَا نَشُكُّ أَنَّهُ حَقٌّ قَدْ قُتِلَ، حَتَّى طَلَعَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَ الشِّعْبَيْنِ، فَعَرَفْتُهُ بِتَكَفُّئِهِ إِذَا مَشَى، قَالَ: فَفَرِحْنَا حَتَّى كَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يُصِبْنَا مَا أَصَابَنَا، قَالَ: فَرَقَى نَحْوَنَا وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى قَوْمٍ دَمَوْا وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ» ، قَالَ: وَيَقُولُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى: «اللهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ أَنْ يَعْلُونَا حَتَّى يَنْتَهُوا إِلَيْنَا» ، فَمَكَثَ سَاعَةً وَإِذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ يَصِيحُ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ الْجَبَلِ: اعْلُ هُبَلُ، يَعْنِي آلِهَتَهُ، أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ، أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَفَلَا أُجِيبُهُ؟ قَالَ: «بَلَى» ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَالَ: اعْلُ هُبَلُ، قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: اللهُ أَعْلَى وَأَجَلُّ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، إِنَّكَ قَدْ أَنْعَمْتَ، فَعَادَ لِمِثْلِهَا، فَقَالَ: أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، أَيْنَ ابْنُ أَبِي قُحَافَةَ، أَيْنَ ابْنُ الْخَطَّابِ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: هَذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، هَذَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَهَذَا أَنَا عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: يَوْمٌ بِيَوْمِ بَدْرٍ، إِنَّ الْأَيَّامَ دُوَلٌ، وَإِنَّ الْحَرْبَ سِجَالٌ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا سَوَاءَ، قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكُمْ لَتَزْعُمُونَ ذَلِكَ، لَقَدْ خِبْنَا إِذًا وَخَسِرْنَا، ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ: أَمَا إِنَّكُمْ سَتَجِدُونَ فِي قَتْلَاكُمْ مُثْلًا، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ عَنْ رَأْيِ كُبَرَائِنَا، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَتْهُ حَمِيَّةُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَقَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّهُ كَانَ ذَلِكَ لَمْ نَكْرَهْهُ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was not helped in any battle as he was helped at Uhud. This statement of his was objected to, so Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Between me and whoever objects is the Book of Allah (as judge). Allah Almighty says: "And Allah had certainly fulfilled His promise to you when you were killing them by His permission" [Surah Al Imran: 152]. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: And "hass" means killing. "Until, when you lost courage" up to: "And He has certainly pardoned you, and Allah is the Possessor of bounty for the believers" [Surah Al Imran: 152]; and by this the archers were meant. The reason is that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had stationed them at a lookout post and said: "Guard our backs. If you see us being killed, do not come to help us, and if you see that we have gained the spoils, do not join us in them." When Allah Almighty granted the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) the spoils and made the camp of the polytheists lawful for him ((peace and blessings be upon him)), all the archers withdrew and entered the camp to plunder the spoils, while the ranks of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) were joined like this (and the narrator interlaced the fingers of his right and left hands). When the archers vacated the place where they had been stationed, the cavalry came at the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from that very place, and they struck at one another, and many of the Muslims were martyred. Yet at the start of the day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and his ((peace and blessings be upon him)) Companions had struck down seven or nine of the standard-bearers of the polytheists. Then the Muslims wheeled round towards the cavalry, but they did not reach the cave that people (later) speak of; rather, they were below al-Mihras (a water basin). And Satan cried out: Muhammad has been killed! We did not doubt in the least that it was true. (The narrator) said: And we remained like that, certain that it was true and that he ((peace and blessings be upon him)) had been martyred, until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appeared between the two mountain paths, and I recognised him ((peace and blessings be upon him)) by his ((peace and blessings be upon him)) gait. (The narrator) said: We were so happy that it was as if nothing had befallen us. (The narrator) said: Then he ((peace and blessings be upon him)) climbed towards us, saying: "The wrath of Allah has grown severe upon a people who bloodied the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)." (The narrator) said: And once he also said: "O Allah, they have no right to prevail over us until they reach us." Then he stayed a while, and suddenly Abu Sufyan was shouting from the foot of the mountain: Exalted be Hubal (meaning, naming his gods)! Where is Ibn Abi Kabshah? Where is Ibn Abi Quhafah? Where is Ibn al-Khattab? (The narrator) said: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, shall I not answer him? He ((peace and blessings be upon him)) said: "Yes, (answer him)." (The narrator) said: When he said: Exalted be Hubal, Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah is the Most High and the Most Majestic. (The narrator) said: Abu Sufyan said: O Ibn al-Khattab, you have done a favour. Then he repeated the same thing: Where is Ibn Abi Kabshah? Where is Ibn Abi Quhafah? Where is Ibn al-Khattab? Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Here is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), here is Abu Bakr, and this is I, Umar. Abu Sufyan said: A day for the day of Badr! Days take turns, and war is like buckets drawn in turn. (The narrator) said: Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Not equal: our slain are in Paradise and your slain are in Hellfire. He said: That is what you claim; then indeed we have failed and lost. Then Abu Sufyan said: Listen! You will find mutilation (cutting of limbs) among your slain, and this did not happen by the decision of our leaders. Then the zeal of the Jahiliyyah overtook him and he said: Yes, even if it did happen, we do not dislike it.
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الضَّبِّيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْزَلَ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ} [المائدة: ٤٤] ، {الظَّالِمُونَ} [المائدة: ٤٥] ، {الْفَاسِقُونَ} [المائدة: ٤٧] ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنْزَلَهَا فِي طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنَ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا، وَكُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ، فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَلَّتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ لِحُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَلَمْ يُوطِئْهُمَا وَهُوَ الصُّلْحُ، فَقَتَلَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا، فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ أَنِ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ، فَقَالَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ: وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا قَطُّ، دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ، دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ، إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا، وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ، فَلَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَكَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ تَهِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا، ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَفَكَّرَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ فَقَالَتْ: " وَاللهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا، مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ، فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَنْ يَخْبُرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ، فَإِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمُوهُ حَذِرْتُمُوهُ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ، فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَخْتَبِرُونَ لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَاذَا أَرَادُوا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ {يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا} [المائدة: ٤١] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} [المائدة: ٤٧] . ثُمَّ قَالَ: فِيهِمْ وَاللهِ أُنْزِلَتْ، وَإِيَّاهُمْ عَنَى اللهُ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed this verse: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is they who are the disbelievers" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 44], "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is they who are the wrongdoers" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 45], "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is they who are the defiantly disobedient" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 47]. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: This verse was revealed concerning two tribes of the Jews. One of the two tribes had overpowered the other in the time of Jahiliyyah, until both agreed and settled on this: if a member of the dominant tribe killed a member of the subdued tribe, his blood money would be fifty wasq (of grain), and if a member of the subdued tribe killed a member of the dominant tribe, his blood money would be a hundred wasq. They remained upon that until the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived, and both tribes submitted to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), although at that time the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had not gained the upper hand over them nor subjugated them; rather it was a peace treaty. Then a member of the subdued tribe killed a member of the dominant tribe, and the dominant tribe sent word to the subdued tribe: Send us a hundred wasq. The subdued tribe said: Has such a thing ever happened? The religion of both is one and their lineage is one, and yet the blood money of one is half the blood money of the other? We gave you this only because of your oppression of us and out of fear of you; now that Muhammad ((peace and blessings be upon him)) has come, we will not give you this. At that, war was about to break out between them; then they agreed to make the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) the judge between them. The dominant tribe reflected and said: By Allah, Muhammad ((peace and blessings be upon him)) will not give you from them double what he gives them from you, and it is true that they gave us this only out of oppression and coercion upon them. So secretly send to Muhammad ((peace and blessings be upon him)) people who will bring you news of his view; if he gives you a judgment according to your wish, accept him as judge, and if he does not, beware of him and do not make him judge. So they secretly sent some of the hypocrites to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) to find out for them the view of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When they came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), Allah Almighty informed His Messenger ((peace and blessings be upon him)) of their whole affair and what they intended, and so Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed: "O Messenger, let them not grieve you who hasten into disbelief" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 41] up to: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then it is they who are the defiantly disobedient" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 47]. Then he said: By Allah, this verse was revealed concerning them, and it was they whom Allah meant.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ نَجْدَةَ الْحَوْطِيُّ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْوُحَاظِيُّ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنْبَاعِ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْمِصْرِيُّ، ثنا يُوسُفُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، قَالَا: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهماُ قَالَ: تَنَفَّلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَيْفَهُ ذَا الْفَقَارِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي رَأَى فِيهِ الرُّؤْيَا يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: On the day of Badr, the sword Dhu al-Fiqar was given to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) as an extra share (nafl), and it is the very sword about which he ((peace and blessings be upon him)) saw a dream on the day of (the Battle of) Uhud.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، ثنا أَبِي، وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ بَكْرِ بْنِ مُضَرَ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الزِّنْبَاعِ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، قَالُوا: ثنا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُضَرَ، عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: «انْشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ»
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The moon was split in two in the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْخَلَّالُ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عِرَاكِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَامَ بِمَكَّةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ يَقْصُرُ الصَّلَاةَ
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that in the year of the Conquest the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) stayed in Makkah for fifteen days, shortening the prayer during that time.
حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْوَكِيعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعُمَيْسِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: " آخِرُ سُورَةٍ نَزَلَتْ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ جَمِيعًا {إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللهِ وَالْفَتْحُ} [النصر: ١] "
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: The last surah of the Qur'an to be revealed in its entirety was "When the help of Allah and the victory come" (Surah al-Nasr).
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، قَالَا: ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: " كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حِجَازًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ أَثِمَ فِيهَا، أُرِيَ عُقُوَبةً مِنَ اللهِ يُنَكَّلُ بِهَا مِنَ الْجُرْأَةِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ، فَكَانُوا يَتَوَرَّعُونَ عَنْ أَيْمَانِ الصَّبْرِ وَيَخَافُونَهَا، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا؛ لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمُ اللهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّهُمْ لَبَرَاءٌ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ، فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ، فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً، وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ، فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: In the time of Jahiliyyah, qasamah was a deterrent among people. Whoever swore a binding oath (yamin sabr) falsely incurred sin by it; he would be shown some punishment from Allah by which those who dared to violate what is forbidden were made an example of. So they would avoid binding oaths and fear them. Then when Allah Almighty sent Muhammad ((peace and blessings be upon him)), he ((peace and blessings be upon him)) retained qasamah, and the Muslims were even more in awe of it because of what Allah Almighty had taught them about it. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) judged by qasamah between two clans of the Ansar who were called Banu Harithah. The reason was that the Jews had killed Muhayyisah, but the Jews denied it. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called the Jews to their qasamah, since it was they (Banu Harithah) who were claiming the blood. He ((peace and blessings be upon him)) ordered them that fifty men swear fifty oaths that they were innocent of his killing, but the Jews refused to swear the oaths. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) called Banu Harithah and ordered them that fifty men swear fifty oaths that the Jews had killed him treacherously, and thereby establish their claim against the one whom they alleged had killed their companion; but Banu Harithah also refused to swear the oaths. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) saw this, he ruled that the blood money was due from the Jews, because the slain man had been found among them and in their territory.
