المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
سُورَةُ الذَّارِيَاتِ
Surah al-Dhariyat
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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا جَرِيرٌ ، عَنْ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ هُوَ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى : فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ قَالَ : قَالَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : مَا نَزَلَتْ آيَةٌ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ عَلَيْنَا مِنْهَا ، وَلَا أَعْظَمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْهَا ، قُلْنَا : مَا هَذَا إِلَّا مِنْ سَخْطَةٍ أَوْ مَقْتٍ ، حَتَّى أُنْزِلَتْ : وَذَكِّرْ فَإِنَّ الذِّكْرَى تَنْفَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ : ذَكِّرْ بِالْقُرْآنِ .
3727 \ 2 - أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَالَ : خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مُعْتَجِرًا بِبُرْدٍ ، مُشْتَمِلًا فِي خَمِيصَةٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْنَا : فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ - اشْتَدَّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَشْفَقَ لِهَلَكَةٍ ، إِذْ أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُمْ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ : وَذَكِّرْ فَإِنَّ الذِّكْرَى تَنْفَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ; فَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُنَا .
3727 \ 3 - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، ثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِلَفْظِ : أَحْزَنَنَا ذَلِكَ ، فَقُلْنَا : أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى عَنَّا ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ ... وَالْبَاقِي مِثْلُهُ ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ : فَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُنَا .
3727 \ 4 - قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ بِهِ ، وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ .
وَحَدِيثُ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ لِحَدِيثٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا .
3727 \ 2 - أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، ثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَالَ : خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - مُعْتَجِرًا بِبُرْدٍ ، مُشْتَمِلًا فِي خَمِيصَةٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْنَا : فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ فَمَا أَنْتَ بِمَلُومٍ - اشْتَدَّ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أَشْفَقَ لِهَلَكَةٍ ، إِذْ أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى عَنْهُمْ ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ : وَذَكِّرْ فَإِنَّ الذِّكْرَى تَنْفَعُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ; فَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُنَا .
3727 \ 3 - وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ ، ثَنَا أَيُّوبُ ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِلَفْظِ : أَحْزَنَنَا ذَلِكَ ، فَقُلْنَا : أُمِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يَتَوَلَّى عَنَّا ، حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ ... وَالْبَاقِي مِثْلُهُ ، وَلَمْ يَقُلْ : فَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُنَا .
3727 \ 4 - قُلْتُ : رَوَاهُ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ بِهِ ، وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ .
وَحَدِيثُ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ لِحَدِيثٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding this statement of Allah Almighty: "So turn away from them, for you are not to be blamed" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 54], that he said: "No verse was revealed to us heavier and harder than it, nor more alarming than it. We said (to ourselves): This command has surely been revealed only because of some severe displeasure or intense aversion from Allah Almighty; until after it this verse was revealed: 'And remind, for indeed the reminder benefits the believers' [Surah al-Dhariyat: 55], meaning: keep admonishing by means of the Qur'an." In another report, Mujahid relates that Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) came out to us with a cloak wound around his head and wrapped in a woollen garment (khamisah), and said that when this verse "So turn away from them, for you are not to be blamed" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 54] was revealed, the matter weighed very heavily upon the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and every one of us trembled with fear that our destruction was now certain, because the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had been commanded to turn away from us; but when after it this verse was revealed: "And remind, for indeed the reminder benefits the believers" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 55], we found peace of heart and our souls were set at ease. In the narration of Ahmad bin Mani' the wording is: "This grieved us greatly, and we said that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had been commanded to turn away from us," and the rest of the report is the same, except that it does not contain the words "our souls were set at ease."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Al-Haytham bin Kulayb narrated this report in his Musnad in greater detail, by way of Isma'il bin Ishaq al-Qadi from Sulayman bin Harb, from Hammad bin Zayd; while the report of Mujahid from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad concerns a different matter.
I (Ibn Hajar) say: Al-Haytham bin Kulayb narrated this report in his Musnad in greater detail, by way of Isma'il bin Ishaq al-Qadi from Sulayman bin Harb, from Hammad bin Zayd; while the report of Mujahid from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) in the Musnad of Imam Ahmad concerns a different matter.
وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ شُمَيْلٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَرْعَرَةَ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - ذَعَرَنِي ذَلِكَ ذُعْرًا شَدِيدًا ، وَكَانَ سَلُّ السَّيْفِ فِينَا عَظِيمًا ، فَجَلَسْتُ فِي بَيْتِي ، فَكَانَتْ حَاجَةٌ لِي ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى السُّوقِ ، فَإِذَا أَنَا بِنَفَرٍ فِي ظِلِّ الْقَصْرِ جُلُوسًا نَحْوَ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا ، وَإِذَا سِلْسِلَةٌ قَدْ عُرِضَتْ عَلَى الْبَابِ ، فَقُلْتُ : لَأَدْخُلَنَّ ، فَذَهَبْتُ أَدْخُلُ ، فَمَنَعَنِي الْبَوَّابُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْقَوْمُ : دَعْهُ ، وَيْحَكَ ، فَذَهَبْتُ ، فَإِذَا أَشْرَافُ النَّاسِ ، وَإِذَا وِسَادَةٌ ، فَجَاءَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - رَجُلٌ جَمِيلٌ فِي حُلَّةٍ لَهُ ، لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ قَمِيصٌ وَلَا عِمَامَةٌ ، فَسَلَّمَ ، ثُمَّ جَلَسَ ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ غَيْرِي ، فَقَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : سَلُونِي عَمَّا شِئْتُمْ ، وَلَا تَسْأَلُونِي إِلَّا عَمَّا يَنْفَعُ وَلَا يَضُرُّ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ : مَا قُلْتَ حَتَّى أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ نَقُولَ لَكَ فَأَسْأَلَكَ ؟
فَقَالَ : سَلْنِي عَمَّا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ : وَالذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا ؟ فَقَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : أَمَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْ غَيْرِ هَذِي ؟ فَقَالَ : أَنَا أَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا أُرِيدُ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : الرِّيَاحُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْحَامِلَاتِ وِقْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : السَّحَابُ قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْجَارِيَاتِ يُسْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : السُّفُنُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْمُقَسِّمَاتِ أَمْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : الْمَلَائِكَةُ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ الْمَسْئُولَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - .
3728 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَزْرَقُ الْعَبْدِيُّ ، إِمْلَاءً بِبَغْدَادَ - وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ - ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِطُولِهِ .
3728 \ 3 - وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، ثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبٍ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، ( ح ) ، وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ ، قَالَا : بَيْنَا النَّاسُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - إِذْ وَافَقُوا مِنْهُ نَفْسًا طَيِّبَةً ، فَقَالُوا : حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ، قَالَ : فَقَامَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْكَوَّا الْأَعْوَرُ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ ابْنِ وَائِلٍ - فَقَالَ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، مَا الذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا ؟ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَزَادَ قَالَ فِي : وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ ؟ قَالَ : ذَاتُ الْخَلْقِ الْحَسَنِ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا : وَلَا تَعُدْ لِمِثْلِ هَذَا ، لَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا .
هَذَا طَرَفٌ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ سَاقَهُ بِطُولِهِ ، وَفَرَّقْتُهُ فِي أَبْوَابِهِ .
فَقَالَ : سَلْنِي عَمَّا شِئْتَ فَقَالَ : وَالذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا ؟ فَقَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : أَمَا تَسْأَلُ عَنْ غَيْرِ هَذِي ؟ فَقَالَ : أَنَا أَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا أُرِيدُ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : الرِّيَاحُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْحَامِلَاتِ وِقْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : السَّحَابُ قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْجَارِيَاتِ يُسْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : السُّفُنُ ، قَالَ : فَمَا فَالْمُقَسِّمَاتِ أَمْرًا ؟ قَالَ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - : الْمَلَائِكَةُ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ الْمَسْئُولَ عَلِيٌّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - .
3728 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْأَزْرَقُ الْعَبْدِيُّ ، إِمْلَاءً بِبَغْدَادَ - وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ - ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِطُولِهِ .
3728 \ 3 - وَقَالَ ابْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ ، ثَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي حَرْبٍ ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ ، ( ح ) ، وَعَنْ رَجُلٍ ، عَنْ زَاذَانَ ، قَالَا : بَيْنَا النَّاسُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ - رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ - إِذْ وَافَقُوا مِنْهُ نَفْسًا طَيِّبَةً ، فَقَالُوا : حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ أَصْحَابِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ، قَالَ : فَقَامَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْكَوَّا الْأَعْوَرُ - رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي بَكْرِ ابْنِ وَائِلٍ - فَقَالَ : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، مَا الذَّارِيَاتِ ذَرْوًا ؟ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَزَادَ قَالَ فِي : وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الْحُبُكِ ؟ قَالَ : ذَاتُ الْخَلْقِ الْحَسَنِ ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ أَيْضًا : وَلَا تَعُدْ لِمِثْلِ هَذَا ، لَا تَسْأَلْنِي عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا .
هَذَا طَرَفٌ مِنْ حَدِيثٍ سَاقَهُ بِطُولِهِ ، وَفَرَّقْتُهُ فِي أَبْوَابِهِ .
It is narrated from Khalid bin Ar'arah that when Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred, this event filled me with intense terror and fear, and drawing swords among ourselves was an extremely grave and serious matter. So I (out of that fear) secluded myself in my house. Then on one occasion I had to go out for some need, and I went towards the market. There I found a group of about forty people sitting in the shade of the palace, and a chain was hung across the door. I said (to myself): I will certainly go in. When I began to enter, the doorkeeper stopped me, but the people present said to him: "Let him be, woe to you!" So I went inside, and there were the notables of the people. A cushion was placed there. Just then Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) arrived; he was a handsome, dignified man, wearing a fine suit of clothing (a sheet and a waist-wrap), but with no shirt on his body and no turban on his head. He greeted with salam and sat down, and he did not find anyone among the people unfamiliar except me. Then he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Ask me whatever you wish, but ask me only about what is beneficial and not harmful." A man said: What did you say? (That is, I will ask only what I intend.) He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Ask whatever you wish." He asked: What is meant by "By those that scatter, dispersing" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 1]? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Will you not ask about something other than this?" He said: I am asking only about what I want (to know). He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It refers to the winds." He asked: What is the meaning of "And those that carry a load" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 2]? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It refers to the clouds." He asked: What is meant by "And those that glide with ease" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 3]? He said: "It refers to the ships." He asked: What is meant by "And those that apportion by command" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 4]? He (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It refers to the angels." (Then the narrator mentioned the long hadith, in which it is clear that the one answering was Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him).)
Al-Harith also related another chain of it.
In the narration of Ibn Mani', it is reported from Zadhan that one day the people were with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and he (may Allah be pleased with him) was in a very pleasant mood, so the people said: O Commander of the Believers! Tell us about your companions (the other Companions). Then the narrator mentioned the whole hadith, in which it is stated that a man named Abdullah bin al-Kawwa al-A'war (who was from Banu Bakr bin Wa'il) stood up and said: O Commander of the Believers! What is "By those that scatter, dispersing"? He (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the same answer as mentioned above. It also contains the addition that he asked about "By the heaven with its pathways" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 7], and he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It refers to the heaven of beautiful creation (with beautiful pathways)." And it further contains the addition that he (may Allah be pleased with him) rebuked him, saying: "Do not do such a thing again, and do not ask me (testing) questions of this kind."
This is part of a long hadith which the Imam has mentioned in portions, dividing it according to the relevance of the chapters.
Al-Harith also related another chain of it.
In the narration of Ibn Mani', it is reported from Zadhan that one day the people were with Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and he (may Allah be pleased with him) was in a very pleasant mood, so the people said: O Commander of the Believers! Tell us about your companions (the other Companions). Then the narrator mentioned the whole hadith, in which it is stated that a man named Abdullah bin al-Kawwa al-A'war (who was from Banu Bakr bin Wa'il) stood up and said: O Commander of the Believers! What is "By those that scatter, dispersing"? He (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the same answer as mentioned above. It also contains the addition that he asked about "By the heaven with its pathways" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 7], and he (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "It refers to the heaven of beautiful creation (with beautiful pathways)." And it further contains the addition that he (may Allah be pleased with him) rebuked him, saying: "Do not do such a thing again, and do not ask me (testing) questions of this kind."
This is part of a long hadith which the Imam has mentioned in portions, dividing it according to the relevance of the chapters.
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا مَسْعَدَةُ بْنُ الْيَسَعِ ، ثَنَا الْجُرَيْرِيُّ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ : فَوَرَبِّ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ إِنَّهُ لَحَقٌّ مِثْلَ مَا أَنَّكُمْ تَنْطِقُونَ خَرَجَ رِجَالٌ بِأَيْدِيهِمُ الْعِصِيُّ فَقَالُوا : أَيْنَ الَّذِينَ كَلَّفُوا رَبَّنَا حَتَّى حَلَفَ ؟ .
It is narrated from Abu al-Ala bin al-Shikhkhir (may Allah have mercy on him) that when this noble statement of Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, was revealed: "So by the Lord of the heaven and the earth, this (promise of provision) is indeed true, just as your speaking (is a reality)" [Surah al-Dhariyat: 23], some men came out with sticks in their hands (with intense zeal and indignation), calling out: "Where are those who put our Lord to such trouble that He had to swear an oath (to convince people)?"
Imam Ahmad bin Mani' recorded this report; its chain contains a narrator named Mas'adah bin al-Yasa', who is weak; however, the purpose of this statement is to censure, and express regret over, those people whose lack of conviction led Allah Almighty to swear an oath to emphasise His word.
Imam Ahmad bin Mani' recorded this report; its chain contains a narrator named Mas'adah bin al-Yasa', who is weak; however, the purpose of this statement is to censure, and express regret over, those people whose lack of conviction led Allah Almighty to swear an oath to emphasise His word.
