المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
بَابُ صَوْمِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ
Fasting three days of every month
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قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُوسَى ، أَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُهَاجِرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الصِّيَامِ ، فَشُغِلَ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : صُمْ رَمَضَانَ ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ : أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْكَ يَا عَبْدَ اللهِ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : وَمَا تَبْغِي ؟ صُمْ رَمَضَانَ ، وَثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ .
1102 \ 2 - رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ كَرَامَةَ ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ ، بِهِ .
وَقَالَ : لَا نَعْلَمُ أَسْنَدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، إِلَّا هَذَا .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ .
1102 \ 2 - رَوَاهُ الْبَزَّارُ ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ كَرَامَةَ ، ثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ ، بِهِ .
وَقَالَ : لَا نَعْلَمُ أَسْنَدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، إِلَّا هَذَا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man came to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him about fasting, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) was occupied (with another matter at that time). So Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) said to the man: Fast Ramadan and fast three days every month. At this the man said (in astonishment): 'A'udhu billahi minka ya Abdallah' (O Abdullah, I seek refuge in Allah from you). Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "What more do you want? (This deed is sufficient:) fast Ramadan and fast three days every month."
The chain of this hadith is hasan (good).
Imam al-Bazzar also narrated it from Ubaydullah through Muhammad bin Uthman bin Karamah.
Imam al-Bazzar said: To our knowledge, this is the only musnad hadith that Ibrahim narrated through Abu al-Zubayr from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him).
The chain of this hadith is hasan (good).
Imam al-Bazzar also narrated it from Ubaydullah through Muhammad bin Uthman bin Karamah.
Imam al-Bazzar said: To our knowledge, this is the only musnad hadith that Ibrahim narrated through Abu al-Zubayr from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الْأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : صَوْمُ رَمَضَانَ ، وَثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ يُذْهِبُ وَغَرَ الصَّدْرِ ، قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، وَمَا وَغَرُ الصَّدْرِ ؟ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : أَلَمُهُ وَغِلُّهُ .
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fasting Ramadan and fasting three days every month remove the heat of the chest, and rancour and envy." The Companions said: O Messenger of Allah, what is meant by the heat of the chest (waghar al-sadr)? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It means the pain of the chest and its rancour and hatred."
According to the scholars of hadith, 'waghar' means the intense anger, heat and enmity that boils up in a person's chest; through the blessing of fasting the lower self is subdued, and these ailments of the heart and the inner self are removed at the root.
According to the scholars of hadith, 'waghar' means the intense anger, heat and enmity that boils up in a person's chest; through the blessing of fasting the lower self is subdued, and these ailments of the heart and the inner self are removed at the root.
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ : حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ ، ثَنَا فَرَجُ بْنُ فَضَالَةَ ، ثَنَا أَبُو هُبَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ صَدَقَةَ قَالَ : إِنَّ رَجُلًا سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ، عَنِ الصَّوْمِ ، فَقَالَ : إِنْ كُنْتَ تُرِيدُ صِيَامَ خَيْرِ الْبَشَرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأُمِّيِّ الْعَرَبِيِّ الْقُرَشِيِّ أَبِي الْقَاسِمِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ وَيَقُولُ : هِيَ صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ . صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ .
It is narrated from Sadaqah that a man asked Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about fasting, and he said: If you want to know the manner of fasting of the best of all mankind, the unlettered, Arab, Qurashi Prophet, Abu al-Qasim (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast three days every month and say: "These (three days of fasting) are equal to sawm al-dahr (that is, fasting perpetually)." Peace and blessings be upon him.
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ ، ثَنَا هِشَامٌ الدَّسْتُوَائِيُّ ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ قَالَ : إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ الْأَرْنَبِ ، فَقَالَ : مَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ أَتَاهُ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ الرَّجُلُ ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ : جَاءَ بِهَا الْأَعْرَابِيُّ ، وَقَدْ تَطَيَّبَهَا وَصَنَعَهَا وَأَهْدَاهَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَ : رَأَيْتُهَا تَدْمَى ، أَيْ تَحِيضُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْقَوْمِ : كُلُوا . فَلَمْ يَأْكُلِ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ؟ قَالَ : إِنِّي صَائِمٌ قَالَ : فَهَلَّا الْبِيضَ ؟ .
هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ ، وَهُوَ مُدَلِّسٌ .
1105 \ 2 - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ الْمَذْكُورَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ هُوَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
1105 \ 3 - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ الصَّوَّافِ ، عَنْ مُوسَى ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ .
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ .
هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْحَجَّاجُ ، وَهُوَ مُدَلِّسٌ .
1105 \ 2 - وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، وَحَكِيمُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ ، عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ الْمَذْكُورَ الَّذِي حَدَّثَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ هُوَ أَبُو ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
1105 \ 3 - وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ الصَّوَّافِ ، عَنْ مُوسَى ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْحَوْتَكِيَّةِ ، عَنْ عُمَرَ .
وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ طَلْحَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ .
Yazid bin al-Hawtakiyyah narrates that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked about the hare (the ruling on eating its meat), and he said: "Which of you was present with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) when a Bedouin came to him?" A man among those present said: That Bedouin brought a hare which he had cleaned and prepared well and presented as a gift to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (the Bedouin) said (explaining his hesitation to eat it): I have seen it bleeding, that is, it menstruates. (Hearing this,) the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to the people present: "Eat it." But the Bedouin himself refrained from eating, so he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked him: "What has prevented you from eating it?" He said: I am fasting. At this he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then why did you not fast the white days (Ayyam al-Bid: the 13th, 14th and 15th of every month)?"
Al-Hajjaj bin Artah narrated this hadith in this way, and he is a mudallis narrator. Moreover, Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman and Hakim bin Jubayr narrated it through Musa bin Talhah from Ibn al-Hawtakiyyah, from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him); this narration also makes clear that the man who related this incident was Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) himself. In addition, Imam Abu Hanifah narrated it from al-Haytham al-Sawwaf, from Musa, from Yazid bin al-Hawtakiyyah, from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); and in one route it is also reported through Musa bin Talhah from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him).
Al-Hajjaj bin Artah narrated this hadith in this way, and he is a mudallis narrator. Moreover, Muhammad bin Abd al-Rahman and Hakim bin Jubayr narrated it through Musa bin Talhah from Ibn al-Hawtakiyyah, from Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him); this narration also makes clear that the man who related this incident was Sayyiduna Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) himself. In addition, Imam Abu Hanifah narrated it from al-Haytham al-Sawwaf, from Musa, from Yazid bin al-Hawtakiyyah, from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him); and in one route it is also reported through Musa bin Talhah from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him).
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُوسَى بْنَ سَلَمَةَ ، قَالَ : سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَنْ صِيَامِ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامِ الْبِيضِ ؟ فَقَالَ : كَانَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَصُومُهُنَّ .
Imam al-Harith (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Sulayman bin Harb narrated to us; Shu'bah informed him from Qatadah, who said: I heard Musa bin Salamah say: I asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) about the three fasts of the white days (Ayyam al-Bid: the 13th, 14th and 15th of every lunar month), and he replied that Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) used to fast those days.
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : صَوْمُ شَهْرِ الصَّبْرِ وَثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ صَوْمُ الدَّهْرِ ، وَيُذْهِبُ وَحَرَ الصَّدْرِ .
1107 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ بِهِ . وَحَجَّاجٌ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ .
1107 \ 3 - لَكِنْ تَابَعَهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ . أَخْرَجَهُ الْبَزَّارُ أَيْضًا .
1107 \ 2 - وَقَالَ الْبَزَّارُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ بِهِ . وَحَجَّاجٌ فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ .
1107 \ 3 - لَكِنْ تَابَعَهُ يُونُسُ بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ . أَخْرَجَهُ الْبَزَّارُ أَيْضًا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fasting the month of patience (Ramadan) and fasting three days every month is equivalent to fasting for a whole lifetime, and this deed removes the impurity, rancour and evil whisperings of the chest."
The hadith scholars have stated that the narrator named Hajjaj in its chain has some weakness from a scholarly standpoint; however, Yunus bin Abi Ishaq corroborated him (mutaba'ah), which strengthens this narration. Moreover, both Imam Abu Ya'la and Imam al-Bazzar narrated this hadith through their own chains.
The hadith scholars have stated that the narrator named Hajjaj in its chain has some weakness from a scholarly standpoint; however, Yunus bin Abi Ishaq corroborated him (mutaba'ah), which strengthens this narration. Moreover, both Imam Abu Ya'la and Imam al-Bazzar narrated this hadith through their own chains.
وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ : حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ، ثَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ قُرَّةَ الْمُزَنِيُّ ، عَنْ كَهْمَسٍ الْهِلَالِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ ، فَذَكَرَ حَدِيثًا طَوِيلًا ، وَفِيهِ قَالَ كَهْمَسٌ : إِنِّي أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِإِسْلَامِي ، ثُمَّ غِبْتُ عَنْهُ حَوْلًا ، ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ ، فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ كَأَنَّكَ تَعْرِفُنِي ؟ قَالَ : أَجَلْ . فَقُلْتُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ، مَا أَفْطَرْتُ مُنْذُ فَارَقْتُكَ ، قَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تُعَذِّبَ نَفْسَكَ ؟ صُمْ يَوْمًا مِنَ الشَّهْرِ ، قُلْتُ : زِدْنِي ، قَالَ : صُمْ يَوْمَيْنِ . قُلْتُ : زِدْنِي ، قَالَ : صُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Kahmas al-Hilali (may Allah be pleased with him), who, relating a long hadith, said: I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and informed him of my acceptance of Islam. Then I stayed away from him for a year, after which I came to him again and said: O Messenger of Allah, do you recognise me? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes." I said: O Messenger of Allah, since I parted from you I have not once broken my fast (that is, I have fasted continuously). At this the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Who ordered you to torment yourself like this? Fast one day of the month." I said: O Messenger of Allah, increase it for me. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Then fast two days." I said: Increase it for me further. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast three days every month."
