المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الصيام
Book of Fasting
بَابُ صِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ
Fasting Ashura
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قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ : حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ ، سَمِعْتُ الْأَسْوَدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ ، يَقُولُ : مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا كَانَ آمَرَ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ مِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَأَبِي مُوسَى رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ .
It is narrated from al-Aswad bin Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him); he said: I have not seen anyone who commanded the fast of the day of Ashura with such frequency and emphasis more than Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib and Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with them both).
This chain is sahih (authentic).
This chain is sahih (authentic).
وَقَالَ مُسَدَّدٌ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ ، قَالَ : أَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ ، الْيَوْمِ الْعَاشِرِ .
Imam Musaddad (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: Abd al-Warith informed us through Yunus from al-Hasan (al-Basri) (may Allah have mercy on him), who said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded the people to fast on the day of Ashura, that is, the tenth day."
وَحَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ عَنْ صَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ ، فَقَالَ : كَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا لَا يَصُومُهُ .
Yahya narrated from Shu'bah that he asked Abd al-Rahman bin al-Qasim about the fast of the day of Ashura, and he replied that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) did not use to fast on that day.
قَالَ : وَحَدَّثَنَا حُصَيْنُ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ، ثَنَا أَبُو لَيْلَى ، عَنْ مَزِيدَةَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْأَشْعَرِيَّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، يَقُولُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ الْكُوفَةِ : أَمَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ ، فَصُومُوا .
Jabir (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates: I heard Sayyiduna Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) say on the pulpit of Kufah: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded us to fast the day of Ashura, so you too should fast it."
وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ : حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ ، ثَنَا شَرِيكٌ ، عَنْ مَجْزَأَةَ بْنِ زَاهِرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zahir (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast on the day of Ashura (the tenth of Muharram)."
وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ : حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ ، عَنِ الْهَجَرِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي عِيَاضٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : صُومُوا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ، يَوْمٌ كَانَ تَصُومُهُ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ ، فَصُومُوهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Fast on the day of Ashura, for it is a day on which the prophets (peace be upon them) used to fast; so you too fast on that day."
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ هُوَ ابْنُ أَبِي إِسْرَائِيلَ ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ ، عَنْ خَبَّابٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مَنْ كَانَ مِنْكُمْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْ فَلْيَصُمْ ، وَمَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ .
قَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ .
قَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : يَعْنِي يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever among you has not eaten anything (yet), let him fast; and whoever has eaten something, let him also complete the rest of his day (by abstaining from food and drink)."
Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) says that this refers to the day of Ashura.
Imam Abu Ya'la (may Allah have mercy on him) says that this refers to the day of Ashura.
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ أَبِي هَارُونَ الْعَبْدِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَمَرَ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ ، وَكَانَ لَا يَصُومُهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) commanded "fasting the day of Ashura," although he (peace and blessings be upon him) himself did not (initially) fast it.
According to the commentators of hadith, the narrator named Abu Harun al-Abdi in the chain of this report is da'if (weak). Moreover, this text apparently contradicts the many authentic reports in which his (peace and blessings be upon him) own fasting is established; so it will be explained as an incident from the very early period after his arrival in Madinah from Makkah, or else as an oversight by the narrator in transmission.
According to the commentators of hadith, the narrator named Abu Harun al-Abdi in the chain of this report is da'if (weak). Moreover, this text apparently contradicts the many authentic reports in which his (peace and blessings be upon him) own fasting is established; so it will be explained as an incident from the very early period after his arrival in Madinah from Makkah, or else as an oversight by the narrator in transmission.
وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبَانَ ، عَنْ عُلَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ فُلَانٍ الْأَزْدِيَّةِ ، حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمِّي ، عَنْ أَمَةِ اللهِ ، عَنْ رَزِينَةَ خَادِمَةِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ( ح ) .
1085 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَتْنَا عُلَيْلَةُ ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا ، قَالَتْ : قُلْتُ لِأَمَةِ اللهِ بِنْتِ رَزِينَةَ : يَا أَمَةَ اللهِ ، حَدَّثَتْكِ أُمُّكِ رَزِينَةُ أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَذْكُرُ صَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، كَانَ يُعَظِّمُهُ حَتَّى يَدْعُوَ بِرُضَعَائِهِ وَرُضَعَاءِ بِنْتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ، فَيَتْفُلُ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ : لَا تُرْضِعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ .
لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَارِثُ السُّؤَالَ .
1085 \ 2 - وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْقَوَارِيرِيُّ ، حَدَّثَتْنَا عُلَيْلَةُ ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا ، قَالَتْ : قُلْتُ لِأَمَةِ اللهِ بِنْتِ رَزِينَةَ : يَا أَمَةَ اللهِ ، حَدَّثَتْكِ أُمُّكِ رَزِينَةُ أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَذْكُرُ صَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ ؟ قَالَتْ : نَعَمْ ، كَانَ يُعَظِّمُهُ حَتَّى يَدْعُوَ بِرُضَعَائِهِ وَرُضَعَاءِ بِنْتِهِ فَاطِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا ، فَيَتْفُلُ فِي أَفْوَاهِهِمْ وَيَقُولُ : لَا تُرْضِعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ .
لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْحَارِثُ السُّؤَالَ .
It is narrated from Amatullah, the daughter of Sayyidah Razinah (may Allah be pleased with her) (who was the servant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)), that she was asked: Did your mother, Sayyidah Razinah, tell you that she heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) mention the fast of the day of Ashura? She replied: Yes, he (peace and blessings be upon him) used to honour and revere this day so much that he would call for his own nursing infants and those of his daughter Sayyidah Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her), put his saliva into their mouths, and instruct (their mothers): "Do not nurse them until night falls."
In Imam al-Harith's narration, the questioner's question is not mentioned.
In Imam al-Harith's narration, the questioner's question is not mentioned.
وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى : حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى ، ثَنَا حَمَّادٌ ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ ، عَنْ إِيَاسِ بْنِ حَرْمَلَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ قَالَ : إِنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ صَوْمِ يَوْمِ عَرَفَةَ ، وَيَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ يُكَفِّرُ الْعَامَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ وَالَّذِي بَعْدَهُ ، وَصَوْمُ عَرَفَةَ يُكَفِّرُ الْعَامَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ .
قُلْتُ : هَذَا إِسْنَادُهُ مَقْلُوبٌ ، وَمَتْنٌ مَقْلُوبٌ ; أَمَّا الْإِسْنَادُ ، فَالصَّوَابُ : حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ إِيَاسٍ ، هَكَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَغَيْرُهُ . وَأَمَّا الْمَتْنُ ، فَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَتَيْنِ ، وَعَاشُورَاءَ يُكَفِّرُ سَنَةً ، كَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
قُلْتُ : هَذَا إِسْنَادُهُ مَقْلُوبٌ ، وَمَتْنٌ مَقْلُوبٌ ; أَمَّا الْإِسْنَادُ ، فَالصَّوَابُ : حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ إِيَاسٍ ، هَكَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَغَيْرُهُ . وَأَمَّا الْمَتْنُ ، فَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ هُوَ الَّذِي يُكَفِّرُ السَّنَتَيْنِ ، وَعَاشُورَاءَ يُكَفِّرُ سَنَةً ، كَذَا أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) that a Bedouin asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about fasting on the day of Arafah and the day of Ashura, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The fast of Ashura becomes an expiation for the sins of the year before it and the year after it, while the fast of Arafah wipes out the sins of the one past year."
I (Ibn Hajar) say: In both the chain and the text of this report the narrator has made an oversight and the order has been reversed. As for the chain, the correct name is Harmalah bin Iyas, as Imam Ahmad and other hadith scholars recorded it. As for the text, the correct position is that the fast of the day of Arafah is an expiation for the sins of two years, while the day of Ashura makes amends for the sins of one year; exactly so did Imam Muslim and other imams record it correctly through other routes from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) himself.
I (Ibn Hajar) say: In both the chain and the text of this report the narrator has made an oversight and the order has been reversed. As for the chain, the correct name is Harmalah bin Iyas, as Imam Ahmad and other hadith scholars recorded it. As for the text, the correct position is that the fast of the day of Arafah is an expiation for the sins of two years, while the day of Ashura makes amends for the sins of one year; exactly so did Imam Muslim and other imams record it correctly through other routes from Sayyiduna Abu Qatadah (may Allah be pleased with him) himself.
