Upon whom Friday prayer is obligatory

It is narrated from Humayd al-Tawil (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) used to stay in his palace (outside the city), and sometimes he would come (to the city for the Friday prayer) and sometimes he would not come.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: We wrote a letter to Sayyiduna Umar al-Faruq (may Allah be pleased with him) asking him about establishing the Friday prayer in Bahrain, and he wrote back to us: "Establish the Friday prayer wherever you are."

It is narrated from Kathir, the freed slave of Ibn Samurah (may Allah have mercy on him), that I passed by Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) on Friday while he was sitting at the door of his house, and he asked: "What of your amir's sermon (i.e. what did he say)?" We said: "Did you not hear it?" He replied: "No, this heavy mud and slipperiness (al-radgh) kept us (from going to the mosque)."
This narration gives the juristic guidance that heavy mud and bad roads after severe rain can be a valid excuse for not going to the mosque for the Friday prayer.

It is narrated from Imam Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "When a blind person cannot find a guide who can lead him (to the mosque), the Friday prayer is not obligatory upon him."
From this statement the juristic principle becomes clear that for the Friday prayer to be obligatory upon a blind person, the availability of a helper or guide is a condition; otherwise he is exempt from this obligation due to lack of ability.

It is narrated from Ibn Awn (may Allah have mercy on him): "Abu al-Malih (may Allah have mercy on him) was the governor and overseer of al-Ubullah (a place near Basrah), and among all the officials of al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf there was none more God-fearing and pious than Abu al-Malih. His practice was that when Friday came, he would come to Basrah (to perform the prayer), pray the Friday prayer in congregation there, and then return (to his post)."
The chain of this report is sahih (authentic), and Imam Abu Dawud narrated it in Kitab al-Zuhd; it indicates the piety of an eminent Successor and his care for the prayer.

It is narrated from Sayyiduna Samurah bin Jundub (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Attend the Friday prayer and sit close to the imam, for a man keeps on staying behind from the Friday prayer (i.e. keeps delaying), even though he is among those worthy of it."
Takhrij and grading: Imam Abu Dawud (1108) and Imam Ahmad in his Musnad narrated this narration; some hadith scholars have criticised its chain because of the weakness of al-Hakam bin Abd al-Malik, but on the basis of other supporting reports and corroborations Allamah al-Albani (may Allah have mercy on him) graded it hasan.

It is narrated from Abu Amr al-Shaybani (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: "I saw Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) sending the women out of the mosque on Friday."
Its chain is sahih (authentic).