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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الفتوح
Book of Conquests
بَابُ قتال أهل البغي
Chapter: Fighting the rebels
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 4394 — Fighting the rebels
اُردوEn
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ ، ثَنَا سَالِمٌ الْمُرَادِيُّ أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ : لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الْبَصْرَةَ فِي أَمْرِ طَلْحَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ ، قَامَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ ، وَابْنُ عُبَادٍ ، فَقَالَا : يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ مَسِيرِكَ هَذَا ، أَوَصِيَّةً أَوْصَاكَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، أَمْ عَهْدًا عَهِدَهُ عِنْدَكَ ، أَوْ رَأْيًا رَأَيْتَهُ حِينَ تَفَرَّقَتِ الْأُمَّةُ ، وَاخْتَلَفَتْ كَلِمَتُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : مَا أَكُونُ أَوَّلَ كَاذِبٍ عَلَيْهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَاللهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَوْتَ فَجْأَةٍ ، وَلَا قُتِلَ قَتْلًا ، وَلَقَدْ مَكَثَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي مَرَضِهِ ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَأْتِيهِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ ، فَيُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ ، فَيَقُولُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ ، وَلَقَدْ تَرَكَنِي وَهُوَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَرَى مَكَانِي ، وَلَوْ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ شَيْئًا لَقُمْتُ بِهِ ، حَتَّى عَارَضَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ رَجُلٌ رَقِيقٌ إِذَا قَامَ مَقَامَكَ لَمْ يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ ، فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ ، فَقَالَ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : إِنَّكُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ ، فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَظَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَدْ وَلَّى أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَمْرَ دِينِهِمْ ، فَوَلَّوْهُ أَمْرَ دُنْيَاهُمْ ، فَبَايَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ، وَبَايَعْتُهُ مَعَهُمْ ، فَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي ، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ ، فَلَوْ كَانَ مُحَابَاةً عِنْدَ حُضُورِ مَوْتِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَجَعَلَهَا فِي وَلَدِهِ ، فَأَشَارَ بِعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، وَلَمْ يَأْلُ ، فَبَايَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ ، وَبَايَعْتُهُ مَعَهُمْ ، وَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي ، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ ، فَلَوْ كَانَتْ مُحَابَاةً عِنْدَ حُضُورِ مَوْتِهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ لَجَعَلَهَا فِي وَلَدِهِ ، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَتَخَيَّرَ مِنْ مَعْشَرِ قُرَيْشٍ رَجُلًا ، فَيُوَلِّيهِ أَمْرَ الْأُمَّةِ ، فَلَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ إِسَاءَةٌ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِلَّا لَحِقَتْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ ، فَاخْتَارَ مِنَّا سِتَّةً . أَنَا فِيهِمْ ، لِنَخْتَارَ لِلْأُمَّةِ رَجُلًا ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعْنَا وَثَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، فَوَهَبَ لَنَا نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ مَوَاثِيقًا عَلَى أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنَ الْخَمْسَةِ رَجُلًا فَيُوَلِّيَهُ أَمْرَ الْأُمَّةِ ، فَأَعْطَيْنَاهُ مَوَاثِيقَنَا ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَبَايَعَهُ ، وَلَقَدْ عَرَضَ فِي نَفْسِي عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرْتُ فِي أَمْرِي ، فَإِذَا عَهْدِي قَدْ سَبَقَ بَيْعَتِي ، فَبَايَعْتُ وَسَلَّمْتُ ، وَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي ، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ نَظَرْتُ فِي أَمْرِي ، فَإِذَا الْمَوْثِقَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي عُنُقِي لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَدِ انْجَلَتْ ، وَإِذَا الْعَهْدُ لِعُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَدْ وَفَّيْتُ بِهِ ، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدِي دَعْوَى ، وَلَا طَلِبَةٌ ، فَوَثَبَ فِيهَا مَنْ لَيْسَ مِثْلِي ، ( يَعْنِي : مُعَاوِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ) لَا قَرَابَتُهُ قَرَابَتِي ، وَلَا عِلْمُهُ كَعِلْمِي ، وَلَا سَابِقَتُهُ كَسَابِقَتِي ، وَكُنْتُ أَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنْهُ ، قَالَا : صَدَقْتَ ، فَأَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ قِتَالِكَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ ، ( يَعْنِيَانِ : طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا ) صَاحِبَاكَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ ، وَصَاحِبَاكَ فِي بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ ، وَصَاحِبَاكَ فِي الْمَشُورَةِ ، فَقَالَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : بَايَعَانِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ ، وَخَالَفَانِي بِالْبَصْرَةِ ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَلَعَهُ لَقَاتَلْنَاهُ ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ خَلَعَهُ لَقَاتَلْنَاهُ .
4394 \ 2 - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ الْمُرَادِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً .
قُلْتُ : رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ .
4394 \ 2 - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ الْمُرَادِيِّ ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مِثْلَهُ سَوَاءً .
قُلْتُ : رَوَى أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ طَرَفًا مِنْهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْحَسَنِ ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ .
It is narrated from Imam al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allah have mercy on him) that when Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Basrah in the matter of Talhah and his companions (may Allah be pleased with them), Abdullah bin al-Kawwa' and Ibn Ubad stood up and said: "O Commander of the Believers! Tell us about this journey and undertaking of yours: is it a bequest that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) specifically made to you, or a covenant that was taken from you, or is it your own opinion and judgement (ijtihad) that you adopted when the Ummah fell into disarray and its word became divided?" At this Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I will not be the first person to fabricate a lie against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). By Allah, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not die suddenly, nor was he killed; rather, he (peace and blessings be upon him) remained in his illness for some time. During it the mu'adhdhin would come to him and inform him of the prayer, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) would say only: 'Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer,' even though he (peace and blessings be upon him) was also seeing my position and rank. Had he (peace and blessings be upon him) entrusted me with any matter, I would certainly have carried it out. Even one of his (peace and blessings be upon him) pure wives raised an objection in this matter, saying: 'Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) is a soft-hearted man; when he stands in your place he will not be able to make the people hear his voice (because of his weeping). Would that you ordered Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to lead the people in prayer.' But he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'You are just like the women of Yusuf (peace be upon him).' Then, when the soul of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was taken, the Muslims considered their affair and saw that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had put Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) in charge of the matter of their religion (the prayer), so they accepted him as the guardian of their worldly matter (the caliphate) as well. So the Muslims pledged allegiance to him, and I pledged allegiance to him along with them. When he sent me on campaign I went, when he gave to me I accepted, and in establishing the prescribed punishments (hudud) I was like a whip before him (a firm helper). Then, when the time of his death drew near, had there been any trace of favouritism he would have kept it among his own children; but he pointed to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and spared no effort. So the Muslims pledged allegiance to him and I pledged allegiance to him along with them; I went on campaign at his command, received my share from him and was his strong arm in enforcing the hudud. Then, when the time of his death drew near, had there been any trace of favouritism he too would have kept it among his own children; and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) disliked nominating any single man from Quraysh, lest any evil that occurred after him should become a source of distress for him in his grave. Rather, he chose six of us, and I was among them, so that we could choose one man for the Ummah. When we gathered, Sayyiduna Abd al-Rahman bin Awf (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and gave up his share to us on the condition that we give him a covenant that he would choose one man from us five and make him head of the Ummah. We gave him our firm covenants, and he took the hand of Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) and pledged allegiance to him. At that time some hesitation arose in my heart, but when I reflected on my affair, I realised that my covenant (of obedience) had preceded my pledge; so I pledged allegiance and submitted. In his time too I went on campaign, received my dues from him and was his strong arm in enforcing the hudud. Then, when Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) was martyred, I reflected on my affair: the bond of allegiance to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that had been on my neck had been removed by their deaths, and the covenant made with Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) I had fulfilled; and now I was an ordinary individual among the Muslims against whom no one had any claim or demand. But then a man who is not like me leapt into this matter (meaning Mu'awiyah, may Allah be pleased with him): neither was his kinship like mine, nor his knowledge like my knowledge, nor did he have precedence in Islam like mine; and I was more entitled to this office than he." The two of them said: "You have spoken the truth. Now tell us about your fighting these two men (Talhah and al-Zubayr, may Allah be pleased with them both), who were your companions in the Hijrah, participants with you in the Pledge of Ridwan, and with you in the consultation." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Those two pledged allegiance to me in Madinah and opposed me in Basrah. Had any of those who pledged allegiance to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) broken his pledge, we would have fought him too; and had any of those who pledged allegiance to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) broken his covenant, we would have fought him too."
Imam Muhammad bin Ubayd al-Tanafisi narrated the like of it from Salim al-Muradi, from Imam al-Hasan al-Basri. I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Abu Dawud and Imam al-Nasa'i recorded part of it from the narration of Imam al-Hasan al-Basri, which he narrated from Qays bin Abbad.
Imam Muhammad bin Ubayd al-Tanafisi narrated the like of it from Salim al-Muradi, from Imam al-Hasan al-Basri. I (Ibn Hajar) say: Imam Abu Dawud and Imam al-Nasa'i recorded part of it from the narration of Imam al-Hasan al-Basri, which he narrated from Qays bin Abbad.
