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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب السيرة والمغازي
Book of the Sirah and the Military Expeditions
بَابُ وقعة أحد
Chapter: The Battle of Uhud
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 4260 — The Battle of Uhud
اُردوEn
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : أَخْبَرَنَا وَهْبُ بْنُ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ : حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : وَاللهِ ، إِنِّي لَأَنْظُرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ إِلَى خَدَمِ النِّسَاءِ مُشَمِّرَاتٍ يَسْعَيْنَ حِينَ انْهَزَمَ الْقَوْمُ ، وَمَا أَرَى دُونَ أَخْذِهِنَّ شَيْئًا ، وَإِنَّا لَنَحْسِبُهُمْ قَتْلَى مَا يَرْجِعُ إِلَيْنَا مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ ، وَلَقَدْ أُصِيبَ أَصْحَابُ اللِّوَاءِ ، وَصَبَرُوا عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى صَارَ إِلَى عَبْدٍ لَهُ حَبَشِيٍّ يُقَالُ لَهُ : صَوَابٌ ، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ صَوَابٌ فَطَرَحَ اللِّوَاءَ ، فَمَا يَقْرَبُهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ خَلْقِ اللهِ تَعَالَى حَتَّى وَثَبَتْ إِلَيْهِ عَمْرَةُ بِنْتُ عَلْقَمَةَ الْحَارِثِيَّةُ ، فَرَفَعَتْهُ لَهُمْ ، وَثَابَ إِلَيْهِ النَّاسُ .
قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : فَوَاللهِ ، إِنَّا لَكَذَلِكَ قَدْ عَلَوْنَاهُمْ وَظَهَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، إِذْ خَالَفَتِ الرُّمَاةُ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَقْبَلُوا إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِ حِينَ رَأَوْهُ مُخْتَلًّا قَدْ أَجْهَضْنَاهُمْ عَنْهُ ، فَرَغِبُوا إِلَى الْغَنَائِمِ وَتَرَكُوا عَهْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَعَلُوا يَأْخُذُونَ الْأَمْتِعَةَ ، فَأَتَتْنَا الْخَيْلُ مِنْ خَلْفِنَا فَحَطَّمَتْنَا ، وَكَرَّ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ ، فَصَرَخَ صَارِخٌ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ : أَلَا إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ قُتِلَ ، فَأَعْظَمَ النَّاسُ ، وَرَكِبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا ، فَصَارُوا أَثْلَاثًا : ثُلُثًا جَرِيحًا ، وَثُلُثًا مَقْتُولًا ، وَثُلُثًا مُنْهَزِمًا ، قَدْ بَلَغَتِ الْحَرْبُ ، وَقَدْ كَانَتِ الرُّمَاةُ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ رَأَوُا النَّاسَ وَقَعُوا فِي الْغَنَائِمِ : وَقَدْ هَزَمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، وَأَخَذَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْغَنَائِمَ ، فَمَاذَا تَنْتَظِرُونَ ؟ وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ : قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَنَهَاكُمْ أَنْ تُفَارِقُوا مَكَانَكُمْ ، إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ لَهُ ، فَتَنَازَعُوا فِي ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الطَّائِفَةَ الْأُولَى مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ أَبَتْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَلْحَقَ بِالْعَسْكَرِ ، فَتَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ ، وَتَرَكُوا مَكَانَهُمْ ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ حَمَلَتْ خَيْلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ، لَهُ شَاهِدٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
4260 \ 2 - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : وَاللهِ إِنَّ النُّعَاسَ لَيَغْشَانِي إِذْ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ قُشَيْرٍ يَقُولُهَا ، وَمَا أَسْمَعُهَا مِنْهُ إِلَّا كَالْحُلْمِ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا وَلَقَدْ عَفَا اللهُ عَنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ .
قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا عِنْدَ جَوْلَةِ النَّاسِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الزُّرَقِيُّ ، وَأَخُوهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ، حَتَّى بَلَغُوا جَبَلًا بِنَاحِيَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ : الْحَاجِبُ بِبَطْنِ الْأَعْوَصِ ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهِ ثَلَاثًا ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : لَقَدْ ذَهَبْتُمْ فِيهَا عَرِيضَةً .
ثُمَّ قَالَ : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَعْنِي : الْمُنَافِقِينَ ، وَقَالُوا لإِخْوَانِهِمْ إِذَا ضَرَبُوا فِي الأَرْضِ أَوْ كَانُوا غُزًّى لَوْ كَانُوا عِنْدَنَا مَا مَاتُوا وَمَا قُتِلُوا لِيَجْعَلَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ حَسْرَةً فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ : ابْتِغَاءً وَتَحَسُّرًا ، وَذَلِكَ لَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُمْ شَيْئًا .
ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْقِصَّةُ فِيمَا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَعْهَدُ إِلَيْهِ ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا يَعْنِي : يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ، فِيمَنْ قُتِلُوا وَأُسِرُوا ، قُلْتُمْ أَنَّى هَذَا قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ : وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ فَبِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ : عَلَانِيَةَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَيَظْهَرَ أَمْرُهُمْ ، وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا فَيَكُونُ أَمْرُهُمْ عَلَانِيَةً ، وَيَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِمَّنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ سَارَ إِلَى عَدُوِّهِ ، وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا قَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَوِ ادْفَعُوا قَالُوا لَوْ نَعْلَمُ قِتَالا لاتَّبَعْنَاكُمْ وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِمْ حِينَ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمْ سَائِرُونَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ حِينَ انْصَرَفُوا عَنْهُمْ : أَتَخْذُلُونَنَا وَتُسْلِمُونَنَا لِعَدُوِّنَا ، فَقَالُوا : مَا نَرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قِتَالًا ، لَوْ نَرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قِتَالًا لَاتَّبَعْنَاكُمْ ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : هُمْ لِلْكُفْرِ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُمْ لِلإِيمَانِ يَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَكْتُمُونَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا لإِخْوَانِهِمْ مِنْ ذَوِي أَرْحَامِهِمْ ، وَلَمْ يَعْنِ تَعَالَى إِخْوَانَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ لَوْ أَطَاعُونَا مَا قُتِلُوا ، قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : قُلْ فَادْرَؤُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِكُمُ الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ .
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ وَهْبٌ ، وَأَظُنُّ بَعْضَ التَّفْسِيرِ مِنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ كَذَا يَعْنِي كَذَا .
قُلْتُ : بَلِ انْتَهَى حَدِيثُ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ ، وَمِنْ قَوْلِهِ : قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بِغَيْرِ إِسْنَادٍ .
4260 \ 3 - أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ حِينَ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْنَا الْخَوْفُ وَأُرْسِلَ عَلَيْنَا النَّوْمُ ، فَمَا مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَذَقَنُهُ - أَوْ قَالَ : ذَقَنُهُ - فِي صَدْرِهِ ، فَوَاللهِ ، إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ كَالْحُلْمِ قَوْلَ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ مَا قُتِلْنَا هَاهُنَا ، فَحَفِظْتُهَا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ : ثُمَّ أَنْـزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَمِّ أَمَنَةً نُعَاسًا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : مَا قُتِلْنَا هَا هُنَا لِقَوْلِ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ ، قَالَ : لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّى بَلَغَ : وَاللهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ .
4260 \ 4 - أَخْبَرَنَا وَهْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ : حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصْعِدِينَ فِي أُحُدٍ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَأْتِي الْمِهْرَاسَ ، فَأَتَاهُ بِمَاءٍ فِي دَرَقَتِهِ ، فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ مِنْهُ ، فَوَجَدَ لَهُ رِيحًا فَعَافَهُ ، فَغَسَلَ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الدِّمَاءِ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهُ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى مَنْ أَدْمَى وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي أَدْمَاهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ .
قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ : فَوَاللهِ ، إِنَّا لَكَذَلِكَ قَدْ عَلَوْنَاهُمْ وَظَهَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ ، إِذْ خَالَفَتِ الرُّمَاةُ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَقْبَلُوا إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِ حِينَ رَأَوْهُ مُخْتَلًّا قَدْ أَجْهَضْنَاهُمْ عَنْهُ ، فَرَغِبُوا إِلَى الْغَنَائِمِ وَتَرَكُوا عَهْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَعَلُوا يَأْخُذُونَ الْأَمْتِعَةَ ، فَأَتَتْنَا الْخَيْلُ مِنْ خَلْفِنَا فَحَطَّمَتْنَا ، وَكَرَّ النَّاسُ مُنْهَزِمِينَ ، فَصَرَخَ صَارِخٌ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ : أَلَا إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا قَدْ قُتِلَ ، فَأَعْظَمَ النَّاسُ ، وَرَكِبَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا ، فَصَارُوا أَثْلَاثًا : ثُلُثًا جَرِيحًا ، وَثُلُثًا مَقْتُولًا ، وَثُلُثًا مُنْهَزِمًا ، قَدْ بَلَغَتِ الْحَرْبُ ، وَقَدْ كَانَتِ الرُّمَاةُ اخْتَلَفُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ ، فَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ رَأَوُا النَّاسَ وَقَعُوا فِي الْغَنَائِمِ : وَقَدْ هَزَمَ اللهُ تَعَالَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ ، وَأَخَذَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْغَنَائِمَ ، فَمَاذَا تَنْتَظِرُونَ ؟ وَقَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ : قَدْ تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْكُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، وَنَهَاكُمْ أَنْ تُفَارِقُوا مَكَانَكُمْ ، إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ لَهُ ، فَتَنَازَعُوا فِي ذَلِكَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الطَّائِفَةَ الْأُولَى مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ أَبَتْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَلْحَقَ بِالْعَسْكَرِ ، فَتَفَرَّقَ الْقَوْمُ ، وَتَرَكُوا مَكَانَهُمْ ، فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ حَمَلَتْ خَيْلُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ .
هَذَا إِسْنَادٌ صَحِيحٌ ، لَهُ شَاهِدٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ .
4260 \ 2 - وَبِهَذَا الْإِسْنَادِ إِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ : وَاللهِ إِنَّ النُّعَاسَ لَيَغْشَانِي إِذْ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ قُشَيْرٍ يَقُولُهَا ، وَمَا أَسْمَعُهَا مِنْهُ إِلَّا كَالْحُلْمِ ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ : إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا وَلَقَدْ عَفَا اللهُ عَنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ .
قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا عِنْدَ جَوْلَةِ النَّاسِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الزُّرَقِيُّ ، وَأَخُوهُ عُقْبَةُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ ، حَتَّى بَلَغُوا جَبَلًا بِنَاحِيَةِ الْمَدِينَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُ : الْحَاجِبُ بِبَطْنِ الْأَعْوَصِ ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهِ ثَلَاثًا ، فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا رَجَعُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : لَقَدْ ذَهَبْتُمْ فِيهَا عَرِيضَةً .
ثُمَّ قَالَ : يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا يَعْنِي : الْمُنَافِقِينَ ، وَقَالُوا لإِخْوَانِهِمْ إِذَا ضَرَبُوا فِي الأَرْضِ أَوْ كَانُوا غُزًّى لَوْ كَانُوا عِنْدَنَا مَا مَاتُوا وَمَا قُتِلُوا لِيَجْعَلَ اللهُ ذَلِكَ حَسْرَةً فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ الْآيَةَ ، قَالَ : ابْتِغَاءً وَتَحَسُّرًا ، وَذَلِكَ لَا يُغْنِي عَنْهُمْ شَيْئًا .
ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْقِصَّةُ فِيمَا يَأْمُرُ بِهِ نَبِيَّهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيَعْهَدُ إِلَيْهِ ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : أَوَلَمَّا أَصَابَتْكُمْ مُصِيبَةٌ قَدْ أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَيْهَا يَعْنِي : يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ، فِيمَنْ قُتِلُوا وَأُسِرُوا ، قُلْتُمْ أَنَّى هَذَا قُلْ هُوَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَنْفُسِكُمْ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مِنَ الرُّمَاةِ ، قَالَ : فَقَالَ : وَمَا أَصَابَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ فَبِإِذْنِ اللهِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ : عَلَانِيَةَ أَمْرِهِمْ وَيَظْهَرَ أَمْرُهُمْ ، وَلِيَعْلَمَ الَّذِينَ نَافَقُوا فَيَكُونُ أَمْرُهُمْ عَلَانِيَةً ، وَيَعْنِي عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أُبَيٍّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِمَّنْ رَجَعَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ سَارَ إِلَى عَدُوِّهِ ، وَقِيلَ لَهُمْ تَعَالَوْا قَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ أَوِ ادْفَعُوا قَالُوا لَوْ نَعْلَمُ قِتَالا لاتَّبَعْنَاكُمْ وَذَلِكَ لِقَوْلِهِمْ حِينَ قَالَ لَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمْ سَائِرُونَ إِلَى أُحُدٍ حِينَ انْصَرَفُوا عَنْهُمْ : أَتَخْذُلُونَنَا وَتُسْلِمُونَنَا لِعَدُوِّنَا ، فَقَالُوا : مَا نَرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قِتَالًا ، لَوْ نَرَى أَنْ يَكُونَ قِتَالًا لَاتَّبَعْنَاكُمْ ، يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : هُمْ لِلْكُفْرِ يَوْمَئِذٍ أَقْرَبُ مِنْهُمْ لِلإِيمَانِ يَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَكْتُمُونَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا لإِخْوَانِهِمْ مِنْ ذَوِي أَرْحَامِهِمْ ، وَلَمْ يَعْنِ تَعَالَى إِخْوَانَهُمْ فِي الدِّينِ لَوْ أَطَاعُونَا مَا قُتِلُوا ، قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : قُلْ فَادْرَؤُوا عَنْ أَنْفُسِكُمُ الْمَوْتَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ .
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : هَكَذَا حَدَّثَنَا بِهِ وَهْبٌ ، وَأَظُنُّ بَعْضَ التَّفْسِيرِ مِنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، يَعْنِي قَوْلَهُ كَذَا يَعْنِي كَذَا .
قُلْتُ : بَلِ انْتَهَى حَدِيثُ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى : غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌ ، وَمِنْ قَوْلِهِ : قَالَ : وَالَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بِغَيْرِ إِسْنَادٍ .
4260 \ 3 - أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبَّادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ حِينَ اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْنَا الْخَوْفُ وَأُرْسِلَ عَلَيْنَا النَّوْمُ ، فَمَا مِنَّا أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَذَقَنُهُ - أَوْ قَالَ : ذَقَنُهُ - فِي صَدْرِهِ ، فَوَاللهِ ، إِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ كَالْحُلْمِ قَوْلَ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ مَا قُتِلْنَا هَاهُنَا ، فَحَفِظْتُهَا ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ : ثُمَّ أَنْـزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَمِّ أَمَنَةً نُعَاسًا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : مَا قُتِلْنَا هَا هُنَا لِقَوْلِ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ قُشَيْرٍ ، قَالَ : لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ حَتَّى بَلَغَ : وَاللهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ .
4260 \ 4 - أَخْبَرَنَا وَهْبٌ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ، قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ : حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ ، قَالَ : خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصْعِدِينَ فِي أُحُدٍ ... فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ .
قَالَ : ثُمَّ أَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَأْتِي الْمِهْرَاسَ ، فَأَتَاهُ بِمَاءٍ فِي دَرَقَتِهِ ، فَأَتَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ مِنْهُ ، فَوَجَدَ لَهُ رِيحًا فَعَافَهُ ، فَغَسَلَ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنَ الدِّمَاءِ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهُ ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ : اشْتَدَّ غَضَبُ اللهِ عَلَى مَنْ أَدْمَى وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي أَدْمَاهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "By Allah, on that day (at Uhud) I was looking at the polytheist women, gathering up their shirts and running, with their anklets (and shins) showing, when their people were defeated. I saw nothing to prevent me from seizing them, and we considered the disbelievers as good as slain, thinking that none of them would come back towards us. Meanwhile the standard-bearers of the disbelievers had also been struck down, and they held firm by their standard until it passed to an Abyssinian slave of theirs named Suwab. Then Suwab too was killed and he dropped the standard, and none of Allah's creation would come near that standard, until Amrah bint Alqamah al-Harithiyyah leapt towards it and raised the standard for them, whereupon the people of the disbelievers gathered around it again." Al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah, we were in that state, having overcome them and gained victory, when the archers disobeyed the order of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and rushed towards the camp when they saw that the enemy's army had scattered and that we had driven them away from it. They became greedy for the spoils, cast aside the covenant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and began gathering up the goods. Then the enemy's horsemen attacked us from behind and shattered us, and the people turned back in defeat. Then a caller, whom the people believed to be Satan, cried out: 'Beware! Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) has been killed.' At this, severe panic overcame the people, and in their confusion they began climbing over one another. Then they were divided into three parts: a third wounded, a third slain and a third routed. Thus the battle reached its peak. And the archers had disagreed among themselves: one group, when they saw the people gathering the spoils, said: 'Allah Almighty has defeated the polytheists and the Muslims have taken possession of the spoils; what are you waiting for now?' while the other group said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) had already instructed you and ordered you not to leave your place, whether it is victory or defeat.' So they quarrelled about it. Then the first group of archers insisted on joining the army, so they dispersed and left their place, and at that very moment the polytheists' horsemen launched a full attack."
This chain is sahih (authentic), and it has a supporting report (shahid) in Sahih al-Bukhari from the hadith of Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him).
With the same chain it is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "By Allah, drowsiness was overcoming me so much that when I heard Ibn Qushayr saying this, I was hearing it as if in a dream." Then he recited this verse: "Indeed, those of you who turned back on the day the two armies met, it was only Satan who caused them to slip because of some of what they had earned; and Allah has certainly pardoned them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing" [Surah Al Imran: 155]. The narrator said: Among those who fled that day were Uthman bin Affan, Sa'id bin Uthman al-Zuraqi and his brother Uqbah bin Uthman, until they reached a mountain on one side of Madinah called al-Hajib, which lies in Batn al-A'was, and they stayed there for three days. People claim that when they returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You went off far indeed in your flight." Then Allah said: "O you who believe, do not be like those who disbelieved", that is, the hypocrites, "and said of their brothers when they travelled through the land or went out to fight: 'If they had been with us, they would not have died or been killed', so that Allah may make that a cause of regret in their hearts" [Surah Al Imran: 156]. The narrator said: They said this out of seeking the world and out of regret, and it cannot benefit them at all. Then the account reached the commands that Allah Almighty was giving to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), until it ended at these words: "Why, when a disaster struck you, although you had struck (the enemy) with twice as much", that is, on the day of Badr, in terms of those who were killed and taken captive (you had inflicted twice as much loss on the disbelievers), "you said: 'From where is this?' Say: 'It is from yourselves'" [Surah Al Imran: 165], that is, it happened because of those archers of yours who disobeyed the command. Then He said: "And what struck you on the day the two armies met was by the permission of Allah, so that He might make evident the believers" [Surah Al Imran: 166], that is, so that their matter of faith might become manifest, "and that He might make evident those who were hypocrites" [Surah Al Imran: 167], so that the hypocrisy of the hypocrites might also come out into the open; and this refers to Abdullah bin Ubayy and those companions of his who turned back from the way while advancing towards the enemy with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). "And it was said to them: 'Come, fight in the way of Allah, or (at least) defend.' They said: 'If we had known there would be fighting, we would have followed you'" [Surah Al Imran: 167]. This refers to what they said when the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), on the way to Uhud, said to them as they turned back: "Are you going to abandon us helpless before the enemy?" They replied: "We do not think there will be any fighting; had we been sure there would be fighting, we would certainly have gone with you." Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "They were nearer to disbelief that day than to faith, saying with their mouths what was not in their hearts; and Allah knows best what they conceal" [Surah Al Imran: 167]. These were the people who said about their relatives (and their brothers in religion are not meant here): "If they had obeyed us, they would not have been killed", and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: "Say: 'Then avert death from yourselves, if you are truthful'" [Surah Al Imran: 168].
Ishaq said: Wahb narrated it to us like this, and I think some of the explanatory phrases are from Ibn Ishaq, i.e. that 'this means such-and-such'. I (Ibn Hajar) say: The hadith of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) actually ended at Allah's words "Forgiving and Forbearing", and what comes after, from "The narrator said: Among those who fled" to the end, is Ibn Ishaq's narration without a chain.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "I saw myself with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Uhud, when intense fear had come over us and drowsiness was sent upon us; there was none of us whose chin was not drooping on his chest. By Allah, I was hearing, as if in a dream, these words of Mu'attib bin Qushayr: 'If we had had any part in this matter (decision), we would not have been killed here.' I memorised these words, and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning this: 'Then after the distress He sent down upon you security, a drowsiness', until He said, in reply to the words of Mu'attib bin Qushayr: 'we would not have been killed here', then He said: 'Even if you had been in your houses', up to 'and Allah knows well what is in the breasts' [Surah Al Imran: 154]."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him): We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), climbing up Uhud. Then he mentioned the complete hadith. The narrator said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) to bring water from al-Mihras (a hollow in the rock), so he filled his shield with water, brought it and presented it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to drink from it but noticed a smell in it, so he disliked drinking it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) washed from his blessed face, with that water, the blood that had flowed from his wound, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: 'Ishtadda ghadabu-llahi 'ala man adma wajha Rasulillah' (The wrath of Allah has become severe upon the one who bloodied the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)). And the one who wounded him (peace and blessings be upon him) that day was Utbah bin Abi Waqqas.
This chain is sahih (authentic), and it has a supporting report (shahid) in Sahih al-Bukhari from the hadith of Sayyiduna al-Bara' bin Azib (may Allah be pleased with him).
With the same chain it is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "By Allah, drowsiness was overcoming me so much that when I heard Ibn Qushayr saying this, I was hearing it as if in a dream." Then he recited this verse: "Indeed, those of you who turned back on the day the two armies met, it was only Satan who caused them to slip because of some of what they had earned; and Allah has certainly pardoned them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing" [Surah Al Imran: 155]. The narrator said: Among those who fled that day were Uthman bin Affan, Sa'id bin Uthman al-Zuraqi and his brother Uqbah bin Uthman, until they reached a mountain on one side of Madinah called al-Hajib, which lies in Batn al-A'was, and they stayed there for three days. People claim that when they returned to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You went off far indeed in your flight." Then Allah said: "O you who believe, do not be like those who disbelieved", that is, the hypocrites, "and said of their brothers when they travelled through the land or went out to fight: 'If they had been with us, they would not have died or been killed', so that Allah may make that a cause of regret in their hearts" [Surah Al Imran: 156]. The narrator said: They said this out of seeking the world and out of regret, and it cannot benefit them at all. Then the account reached the commands that Allah Almighty was giving to His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), until it ended at these words: "Why, when a disaster struck you, although you had struck (the enemy) with twice as much", that is, on the day of Badr, in terms of those who were killed and taken captive (you had inflicted twice as much loss on the disbelievers), "you said: 'From where is this?' Say: 'It is from yourselves'" [Surah Al Imran: 165], that is, it happened because of those archers of yours who disobeyed the command. Then He said: "And what struck you on the day the two armies met was by the permission of Allah, so that He might make evident the believers" [Surah Al Imran: 166], that is, so that their matter of faith might become manifest, "and that He might make evident those who were hypocrites" [Surah Al Imran: 167], so that the hypocrisy of the hypocrites might also come out into the open; and this refers to Abdullah bin Ubayy and those companions of his who turned back from the way while advancing towards the enemy with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). "And it was said to them: 'Come, fight in the way of Allah, or (at least) defend.' They said: 'If we had known there would be fighting, we would have followed you'" [Surah Al Imran: 167]. This refers to what they said when the Companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), on the way to Uhud, said to them as they turned back: "Are you going to abandon us helpless before the enemy?" They replied: "We do not think there will be any fighting; had we been sure there would be fighting, we would certainly have gone with you." Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: "They were nearer to disbelief that day than to faith, saying with their mouths what was not in their hearts; and Allah knows best what they conceal" [Surah Al Imran: 167]. These were the people who said about their relatives (and their brothers in religion are not meant here): "If they had obeyed us, they would not have been killed", and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, said: "Say: 'Then avert death from yourselves, if you are truthful'" [Surah Al Imran: 168].
Ishaq said: Wahb narrated it to us like this, and I think some of the explanatory phrases are from Ibn Ishaq, i.e. that 'this means such-and-such'. I (Ibn Hajar) say: The hadith of Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) actually ended at Allah's words "Forgiving and Forbearing", and what comes after, from "The narrator said: Among those who fled" to the end, is Ibn Ishaq's narration without a chain.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: "I saw myself with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) on the day of Uhud, when intense fear had come over us and drowsiness was sent upon us; there was none of us whose chin was not drooping on his chest. By Allah, I was hearing, as if in a dream, these words of Mu'attib bin Qushayr: 'If we had had any part in this matter (decision), we would not have been killed here.' I memorised these words, and Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning this: 'Then after the distress He sent down upon you security, a drowsiness', until He said, in reply to the words of Mu'attib bin Qushayr: 'we would not have been killed here', then He said: 'Even if you had been in your houses', up to 'and Allah knows well what is in the breasts' [Surah Al Imran: 154]."
It is narrated from Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him): We went out with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), climbing up Uhud. Then he mentioned the complete hadith. The narrator said: Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) to bring water from al-Mihras (a hollow in the rock), so he filled his shield with water, brought it and presented it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) wanted to drink from it but noticed a smell in it, so he disliked drinking it. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) washed from his blessed face, with that water, the blood that had flowed from his wound, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) was saying: 'Ishtadda ghadabu-llahi 'ala man adma wajha Rasulillah' (The wrath of Allah has become severe upon the one who bloodied the face of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)). And the one who wounded him (peace and blessings be upon him) that day was Utbah bin Abi Waqqas.
