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المطالب العالية بزوائد المسانيد الثمانية
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah
كتاب الإيمان والتوحيد
Book of Faith and Tawhid
بَابُ الْقَدْرِ
Chapter: Divine decree
Al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2959 — Divine decree
اُردوEn
قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ : نَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ ، ثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ : أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ : الشَّرُّ لَيْسَ بِقَدَرٍ ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْقَدَرِ : سَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا لَوْ شَاءَ اللهُ مَا أَشْرَكْنَا وَلا آبَاؤُنَا حَتَّى بَلَغَ فَلَوْ شَاءَ لَهَدَاكُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ : وَالْعَجْزُ وَالْكَيْسُ مِنَ الْقَدَرِ .
قَالَ طَاوُسٌ : وَالْمُتَكَلِّمَانِ مِنَ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ يَقُولَانِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ، فَاجْتَنِبُوا الْكَلَامَ فِي الْقَدَرِ .
قَالَ : وَلَقِيَ إِبْلِيسُ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ، فَقَالَ : أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصِيبُكَ إِلَّا مَا قُدِّرَ عَلَيْكَ ، فَأَوْفِ بِذِرْوَةِ الْجَبَلِ ، فَتَرَدَّ مِنْهُ ، فَانْظُرْ أَتَعِيشُ أَمْ لَا ؟ فَقَالَ عِيسَى : إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُجَرِّبَنِي ، وَمَا شِئْتُ فَعَلْتُ .
قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ : وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : لَقِيَ إِبْلِيسُ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ : قَالَ عِيسَى لَهُ : إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَبْتَلِي رَبَّهُ ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يَبْتَلِي عَبْدَهُ ، فَخَصَمَهُ .
قَالَ طَاوُسٌ : وَالْمُتَكَلِّمَانِ مِنَ الْقَدَرِيَّةِ يَقُولَانِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ، فَاجْتَنِبُوا الْكَلَامَ فِي الْقَدَرِ .
قَالَ : وَلَقِيَ إِبْلِيسُ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ ، فَقَالَ : أَلَيْسَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَا يُصِيبُكَ إِلَّا مَا قُدِّرَ عَلَيْكَ ، فَأَوْفِ بِذِرْوَةِ الْجَبَلِ ، فَتَرَدَّ مِنْهُ ، فَانْظُرْ أَتَعِيشُ أَمْ لَا ؟ فَقَالَ عِيسَى : إِنَّ اللهَ يَقُولُ : إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يُجَرِّبَنِي ، وَمَا شِئْتُ فَعَلْتُ .
قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ : وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ : لَقِيَ إِبْلِيسُ عِيسَى بْنَ مَرْيَمَ ، فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ ، وَقَالَ : قَالَ عِيسَى لَهُ : إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يَبْتَلِي رَبَّهُ ، وَلَكِنَّ اللهَ يَبْتَلِي عَبْدَهُ ، فَخَصَمَهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he heard a man saying: "Evil is not by divine decree." So Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said (in refutation): "The decisive proof between us and those who deny divine decree is this saying of Allah Almighty: 'Those who associated partners with Allah will say: If Allah had willed, we would not have associated partners with Him, nor would our forefathers, nor would we have forbidden anything' [Surah al-An'am: 148], until His saying: 'Say: To Allah belongs the conclusive argument; had He willed, He would have guided you all' [Surah al-An'am: 149]." Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) further said: "Whether it is incapacity and helplessness or intelligence and shrewdness, everything is from Allah's decree."
Imam Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "These speculative theologians who deny divine decree speak without knowledge, so avoid debating and arguing about the intricate issues of divine decree."
It is also narrated that Iblis met Sayyiduna Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him) and, whispering temptation, said: "Do you not know that nothing will befall you except what has been decreed for you? Then climb to the high summit of the mountain, throw yourself down from there, and see whether you survive or not." Isa (peace be upon him) answered him: "Indeed, Allah Almighty says: 'Inna al-abda la yanbaghi lahu an yujarribani' (It is not fitting for a servant to put Me to the test), and I do whatever I will."
Ma'mar says that Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned a similar incident, in which he related that Isa (peace be upon him) said to him: "A servant does not test his Lord; rather, Allah tests His servant." Thus he (peace be upon him) overcame him in argument and silenced him.
Imam Tawus (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "These speculative theologians who deny divine decree speak without knowledge, so avoid debating and arguing about the intricate issues of divine decree."
It is also narrated that Iblis met Sayyiduna Isa bin Maryam (peace be upon him) and, whispering temptation, said: "Do you not know that nothing will befall you except what has been decreed for you? Then climb to the high summit of the mountain, throw yourself down from there, and see whether you survive or not." Isa (peace be upon him) answered him: "Indeed, Allah Almighty says: 'Inna al-abda la yanbaghi lahu an yujarribani' (It is not fitting for a servant to put Me to the test), and I do whatever I will."
Ma'mar says that Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned a similar incident, in which he related that Isa (peace be upon him) said to him: "A servant does not test his Lord; rather, Allah tests His servant." Thus he (peace be upon him) overcame him in argument and silenced him.
