مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب القدر
Book of Divine Decree
بَابُ التَّسْلِيمِ لِمَا قَدَّرَهُ اللَّهُ - سُبْحَانَهُ .
Submitting to what Allah has decreed
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عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : لَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ - جَلَّ ذِكْرُهُ - مُوسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ - وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةَ ، قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ رَبٌّ عَظِيمٌ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُطَاعَ لَأُطِعْتَ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ لَا تُعْصَى مَا عُصِيتَ ، وَأَنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَاعَ وَأَنْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ تُعْصَى ، فَكَيْفَ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ [ فَانْتَهَى مُوسَى - عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ] ، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - عُزَيْرًا ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْرَاةَ بَعْدَمَا كَانَ رَفَعَهَا عَنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ حَتَّى قَالَ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْهُمْ : إِنَّهُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ رَبٌّ عَظِيمٌ ، لَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُطَاعَ أُطِعْتَ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ لَا تُعْصَى مَا عُصِيتَ ، وَأَنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَاعَ وَأَنْتَ [ فِي ذَلِكَ ] تُعْصَى ، فَكَيْفَ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، فَأَبَتْ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى سَأَلَ أَيْضًا ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ رَبٌّ عَظِيمٌ ، لَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُطَاعَ أُطِعْتَ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ لَا تُعْصَى مَا عُصِيتَ ، وَأَنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَاعَ وَأَنْتَ تُعْصَى ، فَكَيْفَ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، فَأَبَتْ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى سَأَلَ أَيْضًا ، فَقَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ عَظِيمٌ ، لَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُطَاعَ أُطِعْتَ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ لَا تُعْصَى مَا عُصِيتَ ، وَأَنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَاعَ وَأَنْتَ تُعْصَى ، فَكَيْفَ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، فَأَبَتْ نَفْسُهُ حَتَّى سَأَلَ أَيْضًا ، قَالَ : أَفَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَصِرَّ صُرَّةً مِنَ الشَّمْسِ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ : أَفَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَجِيءَ بِمِكْيَالٍ مِنْ رِيحٍ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ : أَفَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ بِمِثْقَالٍ مِنْ نُورٍ ؟ قَالَ : لَا ، قَالَ : فَهَكَذَا لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى الَّذِي سَأَلْتَ عَنْهُ ، إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، أَمَا إِنِّي لَا أَجْعَلُ عُقُوبَتَكَ إِلَّا أَنْ أَمْحِيَ اسْمَكَ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَلَا تُذْكَرُ فِيهِمْ ، فَمَحَى اسْمَهُ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَلَيْسَ يُذْكَرُ فِيهِمْ وَهُوَ نَبِيٌّ ، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عِيسَى ، وَرَأَى مَنْزِلَتَهُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ، وَعَلَّمَهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَالتَّوْرَاةَ وَالْإِنْجِيلَ ، وَيُبْرِئُ الْأَكْمَهَ وَالْأَبْرَصَ ، وَيُحْيِي الْمَوْتَى ، وَيُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا يَأْكُلُونَ وَمَا يَدَّخِرُونَ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ ، قَالَ : اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ رَبٌّ عَظِيمٌ ، لَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ تُطَاعَ لَأُطِعْتَ ، وَلَوْ شِئْتَ أَنْ لَا تُعْصَى مَا عُصِيتَ ، وَأَنْتَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُطَاعَ وَأَنْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ تُعْصَى ، فَكَيْفَ هَذَا يَا رَبِّ ؟ فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ : إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، وَأَنْتَ عَبْدِي وَرَسُولِي ، وَكَلِمَتِي أَلْقَيْتُكَ إِلَى مَرْيَمَ ، وَرُوحٌ مِنِّي ، خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَكَ : كُنْ فَكُنْتَ ، لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ بِكَ كَمَا فَعَلْتُ بِصَاحِبِكَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ ، إِنِّي لَا أُسْأَلُ عَمَّا أَفْعَلُ وَهُمْ يُسْأَلُونَ ، فَجَمَعَ عِيسَى مَنْ تَبِعَهُ ، فَقَالَ : الْقَدَرُ سِتْرُ اللَّهِ فَلَا تَكَلَّفُوهُ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو يَحْيَى الْقَتَّاتُ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ وَضَعَّفَهُ فِي غَيْرِهَا ، وَمُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ لَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو يَحْيَى الْقَتَّاتُ ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ عِنْدَ الْجُمْهُورِ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ وَضَعَّفَهُ فِي غَيْرِهَا ، وَمُصْعَبُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ لَمْ أَعْرِفْهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: When Allah Almighty sent Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) and sent down the Torah upon him, he said: "O Allah! You are a Lord of majesty. If You willed that You be obeyed, You would be obeyed; and if You willed that You not be disobeyed, You would not be disobeyed. And You love to be obeyed, yet despite this the situation is that You are disobeyed. So, O Lord, what is the reason for this?" Allah Almighty revealed to him: "I cannot be questioned about what I do, but people will be questioned (about their deeds)." So Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him) desisted from asking about this. When Allah Almighty sent Sayyiduna Uzayr (peace be upon him) and sent down the Torah upon him after having taken it away from the Children of Israel, until some of them said: He is the son of Allah, Sayyiduna Uzayr (peace be upon him) said: "O Allah! Indeed, You are a Lord of majesty. If You willed that You be obeyed, You would be obeyed; and if You willed that You not be disobeyed, You would not be disobeyed. And You love to be obeyed, while the situation is that You are also disobeyed. So, O Lord, what is the reason for this?" Allah Almighty revealed to him: "I will not be questioned about what I do, and people will be questioned (about their deeds)." Sayyiduna Uzayr (peace be upon him) did not accept this, until he asked the same question again and said: "O Allah! Indeed, You are a mighty Lord. If You willed that You be obeyed, You would be obeyed; and if You willed that You not be disobeyed, You would not be disobeyed. And You love to be obeyed, while You are also disobeyed. So, O Lord, what is the reason for this?" Allah Almighty revealed to him: "I cannot be questioned about what I do, and people will be questioned (about their deeds)." Sayyiduna Uzayr (peace be upon him) did not accept this, and he asked the same question again and said: "O Allah! Indeed, You are Majestic. If You willed that You be obeyed, You would be obeyed; and if You willed that You not be disobeyed, You would not be disobeyed. And You love to be obeyed, yet You are still disobeyed. What is the reason for this, O my Lord?" Allah Almighty revealed to him: "I cannot be questioned about what I do, and people will be questioned (about their deeds)." Sayyiduna Uzayr (peace be upon him) did not accept this; he asked the same question again. Allah Almighty said: Are you able to tie up a bundle of sunlight? He said: No! Allah Almighty said: Are you able to bring a measure of wind? He said: No! Allah Almighty said: Are you able to bring a mithqal (a small weight) of light? He said: No! Allah Almighty said: In the same way, you have no power over that which you have asked about. I cannot be questioned about what I do, and people will be called to account. However, I punish you by erasing your name from among the prophets (as regards their mention), so you will not be mentioned among them. So Allah Almighty erased his name from among the prophets; he is not mentioned among the prophets, although he is a prophet. When Allah Almighty sent Sayyiduna Isa (peace be upon him), and he saw his rank and standing in the court of his Lord, and Allah Almighty granted him knowledge of the Book, the wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel, and he would heal the one born blind and the leper, bring the dead to life, and inform people about what they ate and what they stored in their houses, (after seeing all this) he said: "O Allah! Indeed, You are Majestic, You are the Lord. If You willed that You be obeyed, You would be obeyed; and if You willed that You not be disobeyed, You would not be disobeyed. And You love to be obeyed, yet despite this You are also disobeyed. So, O Lord, what is the reason for this?" Allah Almighty revealed to him: "I cannot be questioned about what I do, and people will be called to account. You are My servant and My Messenger, and My Word which I cast to Maryam, and you are a spirit from Me. I created you from dust, then I said to you: Be! and you were. If you do not desist from this, I will do with you what I did with a companion of yours before you. I will not be called to account for what I do, and people will be called to account." So Sayyiduna Isa (peace be upon him) gathered his followers and said: "The decree is the 'veil' (sitr) of Allah Almighty, so do not pursue it."
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Abu Yahya al-Qattat, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority; according to one report Yahya bin Ma'in declared him thiqah (trustworthy), and according to another he declared him da'if (weak). It also contains Mus'ab bin Sawwar, whom I do not know; the rest of its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Abu Yahya al-Qattat, who is da'if (weak) according to the majority; according to one report Yahya bin Ma'in declared him thiqah (trustworthy), and according to another he declared him da'if (weak). It also contains Mus'ab bin Sawwar, whom I do not know; the rest of its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ : قَالَتْ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ : يَا مُوسَى ، يَخْلُقُ رَبُّكَ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - خَلْقًا ثُمَّ يُعَذِّبُهُمْ ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ ازْرَعْ فَزَرَعَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : احْصُدْ فَحَصَدَ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : دَرِّهِ فَدَارَّهُ ، فَاجْتَمَعَ الْقُمَاشُ ، فَقَالَ : لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَصْلُحُ هَذَا ؟ قَالَ : لِلنَّارِ ، قَالَ : فَكَذَلِكَ لَا أُعَذِّبُ مِنْ خَلْقِي إِلَّا مَنِ اسْتَأْهَلَ النَّارَ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْأَوْسَطِ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sa'id bin Jubayr narrates: The Children of Israel said: O Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him)! Your Lord has created a creation, and then He will punish them? So Allah Almighty revealed to him: Sow something! He sowed it. Allah Almighty said: Now reap it! He reaped it. Allah Almighty said: Now winnow it! He winnowed it, and then only the chaff remained. Allah Almighty said: What use is this? He said: For burning in the fire. Allah Almighty said: In the same way, I will punish from among My creation only the one who has made himself deserving of the Fire.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
وَعَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ : صَحِبْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُصَابَ بَصَرُهُ وَبَعْدَمَا أُصِيبَ ، فَسُئِلَ عَنِ الْقَدَرِ ، فَقَالَ : وَجَدْتُ أَجْرَأَ النَّاسِ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا أَجْهَلَهُمْ بِهِ ، وَأَضْعَفَهُمْ فِيهِ حَدِيثًا أَعْلَمَهُمْ بِهِ ، وَوَجَدْتُ النَّاظِرَ فِيهِ كَالنَّاظِرِ فِي شُعَاعِ الشَّمْسِ ، كُلَّمَا ازْدَادَ فِيهِ نَظَرًا ازْدَادَ [ بَصَرُهُ فِيهَا ] تَحَيُّرًا .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ضَعَّفَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ ضَعَّفَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ .
Wahb bin Munabbih narrates: I accompanied Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) both before he lost his sight and after he lost it. He was asked about the decree, and he said: I have found that the boldest of people in speaking about it is the most ignorant of it, and the weakest of them in speaking about it is the most knowledgeable of it. And I have also found that the one who reflects on it is like one who looks at the rays of the sun: the more he looks, the more his sight is bewildered by it.
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Yazid bin Abi Salamah, whom Yahya bin Ma'in declared da'if (weak).
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Yazid bin Abi Salamah, whom Yahya bin Ma'in declared da'if (weak).
