Belief in divine decree

Sayyiduna Abu al-Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Everything has a reality, and a servant cannot reach the reality of faith until he knows that what is to reach him will not fail to reach him, and what does not reach him was not going to reach him."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy); al-Tabarani also recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A person is not a believer until he believes in the decree, whether it is good or bad."
Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy);
al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat.

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "All matters, whether good or bad, are from Allah Almighty." He (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: "The decree is the order of tawhid (the Oneness of Allah). Whoever affirms the Oneness of Allah Almighty and believes in the decree has firmly grasped the strong rope."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Hani bin al-Mutawakkil, who is da'if (weak).

Amr bin Shu'ayb narrates: I was sitting with Sa'id bin al-Musayyab when he heard a man saying that Allah Almighty has decreed everything except deeds. The narrator says: By Allah! I never saw Sa'id bin al-Musayyab more intensely angry than this, to the extent that he intended to get up (and beat that man). Then his anger subsided a little and he said: These people talk about this! By Allah, I have heard a hadith about these people which is enough to show their evil. Woe to them! If only they knew. The narrator says: I said: May Allah Almighty have mercy on you, O Abu Muhammad! What is that hadith? The narrator says: He looked at me, and by then some of his anger had subsided, and then he said: Sayyiduna Rafi' bin Khadij (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated this hadith to me, that he heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "There will be a people in my Ummah who will disbelieve in Allah Almighty and in the Qur'an without even realising it, and they will do so just as the Jews and the Christians disbelieved." Sayyiduna Rafi' (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I said: O Messenger of Allah! May Allah Almighty make me a ransom for you, how will that be? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: They will affirm part of the decree and deny part of the decree. The narrator says: Then I asked: What will those people say? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Those people will say that good is from Allah Almighty and evil is from Iblis, and then they will attribute this to the Book of Allah Almighty, so they will become deniers of the Qur'an after having believed and after having known. Then my Ummah will face enmity, hatred and quarrelling from these people. These people will be the zindiqs (heretics) of this Ummah. In their time there will be the oppression of rulers, and what oppression, injustice and favouritism it will be! Then Allah Almighty will send a plague upon these people which will destroy most of them, then they will be swallowed up by the earth, and only a few of them will escape it. In that time the believer's joy will be little and his grief will be great. Then there will be the punishment of transformation: Allah Almighty will transform most of them, and they will become swine and apes, and shortly after that the Dajjal will emerge. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) began to weep, and because of his weeping we too began to weep. We said: What makes you weep? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Out of mercy for them, those wretched people, because among them will be devout worshippers and among them will be those who pray at night (tahajjud). Moreover, they are not the first to adopt this position and to find themselves unable to bear it; most of the Children of Israel were destroyed because of denying the decree. I said: O Messenger of Allah! May I be ransomed for you, tell me how belief in the decree should be. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Believe in the Oneness of Allah Almighty, and believe that apart from Him no one has power to cause any harm or bring any benefit; believe in Paradise and Hell; and know that Allah Almighty created the two of them (that is, Paradise and Hell) before creating the creation. Then He created His creation (that is, mankind), and whomever of them He willed He made for Paradise and whomever of them He willed He made for Hell, and this is from Allah Almighty as justice. Each one will act according to what has been settled for him, and each person will go towards that which has been settled." So I said: Allah Almighty and His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) have spoken the truth.
Al-Tabarani recorded it with various chains; the best of them contains Ibn Lahi'ah, who is layyin (soft) in hadith.

Walid bin Ubadah narrates that when the final moments of Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) drew near, his son Abd al-Rahman requested him: Dear father! Give us some advice. He said: Sit me up! The people sat him up, and he said: O my sons! Keep fearing Allah, and you will not fear Allah Almighty until you believe in Allah Almighty, and you will not believe in Allah Almighty until you believe in the decree of every kind, good and bad, and know that what is to reach you will not fail to reach you, and what is not to reach you will not reach you. I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Belief in the decree is according to this; whoever dies upon anything other than this will enter Hell."

In one narration the words are: "He will not taste the taste of faith; you cannot reach the reality of knowledge of Allah Almighty until you believe in the decree."
(Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say:
Al-Tirmidhi recorded this report as a mawquf narration (halted at the Companion) and in abridged form.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir with various chains and also in al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; the chain of one of the two contains Uthman bin Abi al-Atikah, who is da'if (weak), though Duhaym declared him thiqah (trustworthy); the rest of its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy), and some of its narrators have been criticised.

It is narrated about Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali that he asked Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) about the decree, and said: I kept arguing with the people of the Qadariyyah sect until they drove me out. Do you have any knowledge on this matter? If so, narrate it to me! Those noble men said: "If Allah Almighty were to punish all the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth, He would not be unjust in punishing them; and if He were to admit them all into His mercy, His mercy is more vast than their sins. But the situation is as He has decreed: whomever He wills He will punish, and on whomever He wills He will have mercy. So whomever He punishes, that too will be in accordance with the truth, and on whomever He has mercy, that too will be in accordance with the truth. If you had gold equal to Mount Uhud and you spent it in the way of Allah Almighty, it would not be accepted from you until you believe in the decree of every kind, good and bad." Then, after narrating this hadith to Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali, Sayyiduna Imran bin Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard this from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself, and Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) heard it with me. Abu al-Aswad asked those two, and they too narrated this hadith to him from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
Al-Tabarani recorded it with two chains, and the narrators of this route are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not hasten towards anything thinking that if you hasten towards it you will attain it, if Allah Almighty has not written it in your destiny; and do not hold back from anything thinking that if you hold back it will be kept away from you, if Allah Almighty has decreed it for you."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains Abd al-Wahhab bin Mujahid, who is da'if (weak).

Al-Harith narrates: I saw Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) moisten his finger by putting it in his mouth, and then he said: By Allah! A person cannot find the taste of faith until he believes in the decree and knows that one day he will die and then, after death, he will be raised again.
Al-Tabarani recorded it; the narrator al-Harith is da'if (weak), though Yahya bin Ma'in and others declared him thiqah (trustworthy); the narrators of one of its two chains are the narrators of the Sahih.

Abu al-Hajjaj al-Azdi narrates: I heard Sayyiduna Salman al-Farisi (may Allah be pleased with him) say in Isfahan: "A servant is not a believer until he knows that what is to reach him will not fail to reach him, and what is not to reach him will not reach him."
Al-Tabarani recorded it; I do not know the narrator Abu al-Hajjaj, and the rest of its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came out and stopped by the people, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those before you were destroyed only because of asking their prophets (unnecessary) questions and differing with them. And no one can be a believer until he believes in the decree (of every kind), good and bad."
Al-Tabarani and Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Amir al-Sha'bi narrates: Sayyiduna Adi bin Hatim (may Allah be pleased with him) came to Kufah. Along with some people from among the scholars of Kufah, I went to him; in those days I was a young man. We requested: Narrate to us a hadith which you heard from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) himself. He said: Very well. I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to accept Islam, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Adi bin Hatim! Accept Islam and you will be safe. I said: What is meant by Islam? The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "That you bear witness that there is no god but Allah Almighty, and that you bear witness that I am the Messenger of Allah, and that you believe in the decree of every kind, whether good or bad, sweet or bitter."
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains Abd al-A'la bin Abi al-Musawir, who is matruk (abandoned). (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Some hadiths of this kind will come in the chapter in which it is mentioned that everything is according to the decree.