مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الجهاد
Book of Jihad
بَابُ مَا يَنْقُضُ عَهْدَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ .
What breaks the covenant of the protected non-Muslims
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عَنْ غُرْفَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ - وَكَانَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ ، وَقَاتَلَ مَعَ عِكْرِمَةَ بْنِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ بِالْيَمَنِ فِي الرِّدَّةِ - أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِنَصْرَانِيٍّ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ ، يُقَالُ لَهُ : الْمَنْدِقُونَ ، فَدَعَاهُ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ ، فَذَكَرَ النَّصْرَانِيُّ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَتَنَاوَلَهُ ، فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ : قَدْ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمُ الْعَهْدَ ، فَقَالَ عَرَفَةُ : مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ نَكُونَ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمُ الْعُهُودَ وَالْمَوَاثِيقَ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤْذُونَا فِي اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ، إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ عَلَى أَنْ يُخَلَّى بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ كَنَائِسِهِمْ ، يَقُولُونَ فِيهَا مَا بَدَا لَهُمْ ، وَأَنْ لَا نُحَمِّلَهُمْ مَا لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُمْ بِهِ ، وَأَنْ نُقَاتِلَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ ، وَأَنْ يُخَلَّى بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ أَحْكَامِهِمْ ، إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتُونَا فَنَحْكُمَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ، فَقَالَ عَمْرٌو : صَدَقْتَ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ ، قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ اللَّيْثِ : ثِقَةٌ مَأْمُونٌ ، وَضَعَّفَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ ثِقَاتٌ .
Sayyiduna Ghurfah bin al-Harith (may Allah be pleased with him), who had the honour of being a Companion and who fought the apostates in Yemen alongside Sayyiduna Ikrimah bin Abi Jahl (may Allah be pleased with him), passed by a Christian man of the people of Egypt named al-Mandaqun. He invited him to Islam. The Christian mentioned the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and spoke insolently about him. The matter was brought before Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him), who sent for Sayyiduna Ghurfah (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: We have given them a covenant. Sayyiduna Ghurfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah forbid that we should give them a covenant and a pledge on the basis that they may hurt us concerning Allah and His Messenger! We gave them this covenant on the basis that we would leave them alone with their places of worship, where they may recite whatever they wish; that we would not burden them with anything beyond their capacity; that we would also fight on their behalf; and that we would leave them to their own laws, except that when they come to us, we will judge between them according to what Allah Almighty has revealed. Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: You have spoken rightly.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Salih, the scribe of al-Layth. Abd al-Malik bin Sa'id bin al-Layth says: He is thiqah (trustworthy) and ma'mun (reliable), while a group declared him da'if (weak). The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani. Its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Salih, the scribe of al-Layth. Abd al-Malik bin Sa'id bin al-Layth says: He is thiqah (trustworthy) and ma'mun (reliable), while a group declared him da'if (weak). The remaining narrators of this narration are thiqat (trustworthy).
وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ; أَنَّهُ أَبْصَرَ نَصْرَانِيًّا يَسُوقُ بِامْرَأَةٍ ، فَنَخَسَ بِهَا فَصُرِعَتْ ، فَتَحَلَّلَهَا ، فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِخَشَبَةٍ مَعِي فَشَجَجْتُهُ ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَجِرْنِي مِنْ عَمْرٍو ، وَخَشِيتُ عَجَلَتَهُ ، فَأَتَى عَمْرًا فَأَخْبَرَهُ ، فَجَمَعَ بَيْنَنَا ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِالنَّصْرَانِيِّ حَتَّى اعْتَرَفَ ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِخَشَبَةٍ فَنُحِتَتْ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : لِهَؤُلَاءِ عَهْدٌ ، فَفُوا لَهُمْ بِعَهْدٍ مَا وَفَوْا لَكُمْ ، فَإِذَا بَدَّلُوا فَلَا عَهْدَ لَهُمْ . وَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَصُلِبَ . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that he saw a Christian leading a woman along on a mount. He goaded the animal and she was thrown to the ground, and then he fell upon her (to assault her). I struck him with a piece of wood I had with me, and his head bled. I went to Sayyiduna Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) and said: Give me protection from Amr, for I fear haste on his part. Then he came to Sayyiduna Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) and informed him about it. He brought us together and kept questioning the Christian until he confessed. He ordered a piece of wood for him, and it was prepared. Then he said: These people have a covenant, so as long as they keep the covenant with you, you keep the covenant with them; but when they violate it, there is no covenant for them. Then, on his order, that man was hanged.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
This narration has been recorded by Imam al-Tabarani, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.
