What actions are permissible in prayer

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) led us in the dawn prayer, and he reached out with his hand. When he had finished the prayer, the people asked him about this, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Satan wanted to throw sparks of fire at me to distract me from the prayer, so I reached out for him. Had I caught him, he could not have freed himself from me until he was tied to one of the pillars of the mosque, and the children of the people of Madinah would have looked at him.
Imam Ahmad recorded it.

In one narration from him it is reported: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was leading us in prayer, and he began to scare off (or rebuke) something in front of him.
Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) states: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood and led the dawn prayer. Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) was behind him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) became confused in the recitation. When he had finished the prayer, he said: If only you had seen me and Iblis, when I reached out my hand towards him and kept choking him until I felt the coolness of his saliva between these two fingers of mine (the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) meant the thumb and the finger next to it). Had it not been for the supplication of my brother Sayyiduna Sulayman (peace be upon him), he would have been tied to one of the pillars of the mosque, and the children of Madinah would have been playing with him.
Imam Ahmad recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) states: We were praying in rows behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); this happened in the Zuhr or perhaps the Asr prayer. Meanwhile we saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) trying, during the prayer, to take hold of something in front of him; then he again tried to take hold of it; then something came between him and it. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped back, and we too stepped back; then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stepped back a second time, and we too stepped back. When he had said the salam, Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, today we saw you doing something in your prayer which you did not use to do before. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Paradise was presented to me, along with the adornment, beauty and blessings in it. I tried to take a bunch of grapes from that Paradise to bring it to you. Had I taken it, then even if everything between the heavens and the earth had eaten from it, it would still not have diminished. But then something came between me and it. Then the Fire was presented to me, and when I felt the heat of its flames, I stepped back. I found that most of those in Hell were women who, if they are entrusted with something, disclose the secret; if something is asked of them, they are miserly; and if they ask, they conceal (here the narrator Zakariyya reported a different word: they importune); and if they are given something, they are not grateful. I saw Luhayy bin Amr in Hell dragging his intestines, and of the people I have seen, the one who most resembled him was Ma'bad bin Aktham. Sayyiduna Ma'bad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah, I fear for myself because of my resemblance to him, since he is an ancestor. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: No harm will come to you, for you are a believer and he was a disbeliever. He was the first person who gathered the Arabs upon the worship of idols.
Imam Ahmad recorded it.

This same narration is reported from Sayyiduna Ubayy bin Ka'b (may Allah be pleased with him) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), similar to it. Both chains contain the narrator Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Aqil, in whom there is weakness, though he has been declared thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Uqbah bin Amir (may Allah be pleased with him) states: One day I prayed behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He prolonged the standing, although whenever he led us in prayer he would keep it short. Then I saw him reach out his hand as though he were about to take hold of something. After that he went into bowing. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had said the salam and sat down, we too sat around him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I know that the length of my prayer and my standing alarmed you. We said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah! We heard you saying: 'O my Lord! I am among them.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By the One in whose hand is my soul, everything you have been promised regarding the Hereafter was presented to me while I stood here, until Hell was presented to me. Part of it came towards me until it was level with my place, and I feared that it would cover you, so I said: 'O my Lord! I am among these people.' Then Allah Almighty turned it away from you, and it retreated in pieces like carpets (or rugs). I cast a look into it, and I saw Imran bin Hurthan bin al-Harith, who belonged to Banu Ghifar, reclining on his bow in Hell. I also saw in it the woman of the Himyar tribe, the owner of the cat, who had tied it up; she gave it nothing to eat and nothing to drink (until the cat, being tied up, died of hunger). Ahmad bin Salih says: The correct word is Khurthan.
Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except Tabarani's teacher Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Rishdin.

Sayyiduna Buraydah (may Allah be pleased with him) states: We came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) while he was praying. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gestured to us with his blessed hand that we should sit down, so we sat down.
Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir; its chain contains Abu Janab, who is thiqah (trustworthy) but a mudallis (one who conceals defects in the chain), and he narrated this with 'an'anah (using 'from', without stating that he heard it).