The time of Zuhr

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the heat of the sand, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not accept our complaint.
Al-Bazzar recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Al-Tabarani recorded this narration from him in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir: We complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the midday prayer, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not accept our complaint.
The narrators of this report are also thiqat (trustworthy).

Masruq narrates: Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) led us in prayer when the sun had passed its zenith. I said to Sulayman: Is this the Zuhr prayer? He replied: Yes! Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By the One besides whom there is no god, this is the appointed time of this prayer.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Khashf bin Malik narrates: Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) would offer the Zuhr prayer at the time when, because of the heat of the sand, the "jundub" (a kind of locust) would be leaping over one another.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Dirar bin Surad, who is da'if (weak).

Sayyiduna Khabbab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the heat of the sand, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not accept our complaint. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When the sun has passed its zenith, then offer the prayer! (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: This narration is also mentioned in the Sahih, but these words are not in it: "When the sun has passed its zenith, then offer the prayer."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir, and its narrators have been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: We used to pray behind the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and one of us would hold pebbles in his hand; when they had cooled, he would put them down and prostrate on them.
Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih.

Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: We complained to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) about the heat of the sand, but he (peace and blessings be upon him) did not accept our complaint. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Recite abundantly 'La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah' (There is no might and no power except with Allah), for it wards off ninety-nine doors of harm, the least of which is worry." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: There is a hadith of Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) about offering prayer in intense heat, recorded by Abu Dawud and others, and it is other than this narration.
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Saghir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat. Its chain contains a narrator, "Balhat", whom al-Uqayli declared da'if (weak) and Ibn Hibban declared thiqah (trustworthy).

Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the shadow is one and a half cubits to two cubits, then offer the Zuhr prayer."
Abu Ya'la recorded it. Its chain contains a narrator, Asram bin Hawshab, who is a kadhdhab (liar).

It is reported about Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him): Sayyiduna Abu Mahdhurah (may Allah be pleased with him) gave the call to prayer for Zuhr in Makkah, and Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was also present in Makkah at that time. He raised his voice high; this was when the sun had passed its zenith. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Abu Mahdhurah! Did you not fear that you would tear the veins of your throat (by raising your voice so much)? He said: I wanted to make its sound reach you. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "When the heat is intense, offer the prayer at the cooler time, for the heat is from the blazing of Hell. Hell blazes until one part of it devours another, so it seeks permission from Allah Almighty to take two breaths, and Allah Almighty grants it permission. So the intensity of heat is from the blazing of Hell, and the intensity of cold is from its bitter cold."
Abu Ya'la and al-Bazzar recorded it, and he recorded these words: "Hell said: One part of me is devouring another." Its chain contains a narrator, Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Zubalah, who has been accused of fabricating hadith.

Qasim bin Safwan narrates, on the authority of his father, this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Offer the Zuhr prayer in the cooler time, for the intensity of the heat is part of the blazing heat of Hell."
Ahmad recorded it, and al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Ibn Hibban declared the narrator named Qasim bin Safwan thiqah (trustworthy). Abu Hatim says: the narrator named Qasim bin Safwan is known only through this hadith.

Shu'bah narrates: I heard Hajjaj bin Hajjaj al-Aslami, who was their imam, narrating this hadith on the authority of his father. His father had performed Hajj with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he narrates this from one of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The narrator Hajjaj says: I think he narrated this report from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him), about the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The intensity of the heat is part of the blazing heat of Hell, so when the heat becomes intense, offer the prayer in the cooler time."
Ahmad, Abu Ya'la and al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir recorded it, and its narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).

Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "The intensity of the heat is part of the blazing heat of Hell, so offer the prayer in the cooler time."
Al-Bazzar and Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its narrators have been declared trustworthy.

Sayyiduna Amr bin Abasah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates this saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Offer the Zuhr prayer in the cooler time, for the intensity of the heat is part of the blazing heat of Hell."
Al-Tabarani recorded it in al-Mu'jam al-Kabir. Its chain contains a narrator, Sulayman bin Salamah al-Khaba'iri, and there is consensus that he is da'if (weak).