Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: A bier was brought to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that he would offer the funeral prayer for it. He asked: "Is there any debt owed by him?" The people said: "Yes." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Jibril has forbidden me from offering the funeral prayer for anyone who owes a debt, and he said: 'The debtor remains held in pledge in his grave until his debt is paid off on his behalf.'"
Imam Abu Ya'la recorded it, and its chain contains a narrator whom I do not know.
Hadith Referenceمجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد / كتاب الجنائز / 4210