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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب الزهد
Book of Asceticism
بَابٌ فِي عَيْشِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَالسَّلَفِ .
The way of life of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the early generations
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 18261
اُردوEn
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : خَرَجَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ فَسَمِعَ بِذَاكَ عَمَرُ ، فَخَرَجَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، مَا أَخْرَجَكَ هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ ؟ ! فَقَالَ : أَخْرَجَنِي وَاللَّهِ ، مَا أَجِدُ مِنْ حَاقِّ الْجُوعِ فِي بَطْنِي ، فَقَالَ : أَنَا وَاللَّهِ ، مَا أَخْرَجَنِي غَيْرُهُ .
فَبَيْنَمَا هُمَا كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " مَا أَخْرَجَكُمَا هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ ؟ " . فَقَالَا : أَخْرَجَنَا وَاللَّهِ ، مَا نَجِدُ فِي بُطُونِنَا مَنْ حَاقِّ الْجُوعِ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " وَأَنَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ، مَا أَخْرَجَنِي غَيْرُهُ " . فَقَامُوا فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى أَتَوْا بَابَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، وَكَانَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - طَعَامًا أَوْ لَبَنًا ، فَأَبْطَأَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ لِحِينِهِ فَأَطْعَمَهُ أَهْلَهُ ، وَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلِهِ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بَابَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ خَرَجَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فَقَالَتْ : مَرْحَبًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " فَأَيْنَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ؟ " . قَالَتْ : يَأْتِيكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ السَّاعَةَ ، فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَبَصُرَ بِهِ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ، وَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ فِي نَخْلٍ لَهُ ، فَجَاءَ يَشْتَدُّ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : مَرْحَبًا بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ . فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، لَيْسَ بِالْحِينِ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تَجِيئُنِي فِيهِ فَرَدَّهُ . فَجَاءَ إِلَى عِذْقِ النَّخْلَةِ فَقَطَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَى هَذَا ؟ " . قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْ رُطَبِهِ ، وَبُسْرِهِ ، وَتَمْرِهِ ، وَتَذْنُوبِهِ ، وَلَأَذْبَحَنَّ لَكَ مَعَ هَذَا . قَالَ : " إِنْ ذَبَحْتَ فَلَا تَذْبَحَنَّ ذَاتَ ذَرٍّ " . فَأَخَذَ عَنَاقًا ، أَوْ جَدْيًا فَذَبَحَهُ ، وَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ : اخْتَبِزِي ، وَأَطْبُخُ أَنَا ، فَأَنْتِ أَعْلَمُ بِالْخُبْزِ . فَعَمَدَ إِلَى نِصْفِ الْجَدْيِ فَطَبَخَهُ ، وَشَوَى نِصْفَهُ ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ الطَّعَامُ ، وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابِهِ ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنَ الْجَدْيِ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رَغِيفٍ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " يَا أَبَا أَيُّوبَ ، أَبْلِغْ بِهَذَا إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ ; فَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تُصِبْ مِثْلَ هَذَا مُنْذُ أَيَّامٍ " . فَلَمَّا أَكَلُوا وَشَبِعُوا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " خُبْزٌ ، وَلَحْمٌ ، وَبُسْرٌ ،وَتَمْرٌ وَرُطَبٌ " . وَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " هَذَا مِنَ النَّعِيمِ الَّذِي تُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " . فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " إِذَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا ، وَضَرَبْتُمْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ ، فَقُولُوا : بِسْمِ اللَّهِ ، وَبَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ ، فِإِذَا شَبِعْتُمْ فَقُولُوا الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ الَّذِي أَشْبَعَنَا وَأَزْوَانَا وَأَنْعَمَ وَأَفْضَلَ ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا كَفَافٌ بِهَذَا " .
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَا يَأْتِي أَحَدٌ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفًا إِلَّا أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُجَازِيَهُ ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِي أَيُّوبَ : " ائْتِنَا غَدًا " . فَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُ ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ أَعْطَاهُ وَلِيدَةً ، فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا أَيُّوبَ ، اسْتَوْصِ بِهَا خَيْرًا ; فَإِنَّا لَمْ نَرَ إِلَّا خَيْرًا مَا دَامَتْ عِنْدَنَا " . فَلَمَّا جَاءَ بِهَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ قَالَ : مَا أَجِدُ لِوَصِيَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - خَيْرًا مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَهَا ، فَأَعْتَقَهَا . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الصَّغِيرِ وَالْأَوْسَطِ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرُهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
فَبَيْنَمَا هُمَا كَذَلِكَ إِذْ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : " مَا أَخْرَجَكُمَا هَذِهِ السَّاعَةَ ؟ " . فَقَالَا : أَخْرَجَنَا وَاللَّهِ ، مَا نَجِدُ فِي بُطُونِنَا مَنْ حَاقِّ الْجُوعِ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " وَأَنَا وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ ، مَا أَخْرَجَنِي غَيْرُهُ " . فَقَامُوا فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى أَتَوْا بَابَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ، وَكَانَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ذَكَرَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - طَعَامًا أَوْ لَبَنًا ، فَأَبْطَأَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ لِحِينِهِ فَأَطْعَمَهُ أَهْلَهُ ، وَانْطَلَقَ إِلَى نَخْلِهِ يَعْمَلُ فِيهِ ، فَلَمَّا أَتَوْا بَابَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ خَرَجَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ فَقَالَتْ : مَرْحَبًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " فَأَيْنَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ؟ " . قَالَتْ : يَأْتِيكَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ السَّاعَةَ ، فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَبَصُرَ بِهِ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ ، وَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ فِي نَخْلٍ لَهُ ، فَجَاءَ يَشْتَدُّ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : مَرْحَبًا بِنَبِيِّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ . فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، لَيْسَ بِالْحِينِ الَّذِي كُنْتَ تَجِيئُنِي فِيهِ فَرَدَّهُ . فَجَاءَ إِلَى عِذْقِ النَّخْلَةِ فَقَطَعَهُ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " مَا أَرَدْتَ إِلَى هَذَا ؟ " . قَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، أَرَدْتُ أَنْ تَأْكُلَ مِنْ رُطَبِهِ ، وَبُسْرِهِ ، وَتَمْرِهِ ، وَتَذْنُوبِهِ ، وَلَأَذْبَحَنَّ لَكَ مَعَ هَذَا . قَالَ : " إِنْ ذَبَحْتَ فَلَا تَذْبَحَنَّ ذَاتَ ذَرٍّ " . فَأَخَذَ عَنَاقًا ، أَوْ جَدْيًا فَذَبَحَهُ ، وَقَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ : اخْتَبِزِي ، وَأَطْبُخُ أَنَا ، فَأَنْتِ أَعْلَمُ بِالْخُبْزِ . فَعَمَدَ إِلَى نِصْفِ الْجَدْيِ فَطَبَخَهُ ، وَشَوَى نِصْفَهُ ، فَلَمَّا أَدْرَكَ الطَّعَامُ ، وَضَعَهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَصْحَابِهِ ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنَ الْجَدْيِ فَوَضَعَهُ عَلَى رَغِيفٍ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " يَا أَبَا أَيُّوبَ ، أَبْلِغْ بِهَذَا إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ ; فَإِنَّهَا لَمْ تُصِبْ مِثْلَ هَذَا مُنْذُ أَيَّامٍ " . فَلَمَّا أَكَلُوا وَشَبِعُوا قَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " خُبْزٌ ، وَلَحْمٌ ، وَبُسْرٌ ،وَتَمْرٌ وَرُطَبٌ " . وَدَمَعَتْ عَيْنَاهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " هَذَا مِنَ النَّعِيمِ الَّذِي تُسْأَلُونَ عَنْهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ " . فَكَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " إِذَا أَصَبْتُمْ مِثْلَ هَذَا ، وَضَرَبْتُمْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ ، فَقُولُوا : بِسْمِ اللَّهِ ، وَبَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ ، فِإِذَا شَبِعْتُمْ فَقُولُوا الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ الَّذِي أَشْبَعَنَا وَأَزْوَانَا وَأَنْعَمَ وَأَفْضَلَ ، فَإِنَّ هَذَا كَفَافٌ بِهَذَا " .
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَا يَأْتِي أَحَدٌ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفًا إِلَّا أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُجَازِيَهُ ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِي أَيُّوبَ : " ائْتِنَا غَدًا " . فَلَمْ يَسْمَعْ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ : إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَأْتِيَهُ ، فَلَمَّا أَتَاهُ أَعْطَاهُ وَلِيدَةً ، فَقَالَ : " يَا أَبَا أَيُّوبَ ، اسْتَوْصِ بِهَا خَيْرًا ; فَإِنَّا لَمْ نَرَ إِلَّا خَيْرًا مَا دَامَتْ عِنْدَنَا " . فَلَمَّا جَاءَ بِهَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ قَالَ : مَا أَجِدُ لِوَصِيَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - خَيْرًا مِنْ أَنْ أُعْتِقَهَا ، فَأَعْتَقَهَا . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الصَّغِيرِ وَالْأَوْسَطِ ، وَفِيهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ كَيْسَانَ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ ، وَقَدْ وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ حِبَّانَ ، وَضَعَّفَهُ غَيْرُهُ ، وَبَقِيَّةُ رِجَالِهِ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came out in the heat of midday. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) heard about it and he too came out, and there was Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). He asked: O Sayyiduna Abu Bakr! Why have you come out at this time? Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I have come out because I am feeling the most intense hunger in my stomach. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I too have come out for the same reason. While the two of them were in this state, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) also came to them. He (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: Why have you two come out at this time? They both said: By Allah! We have come out because of the most intense hunger we feel in our stomachs. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: By the One in whose hand is my soul, my case is the same: nothing other than this brought me out. Then they got up and walked until they came to the door of Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) had mentioned some food, or perhaps milk, to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), but the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was delayed in coming and did not come at the usual time, so Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) fed that food to his family and went to his date orchard to work there. When they reached the door of Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), his wife came out and said: Welcome to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and those with him! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked that woman: Where is Abu Ayyub? The woman said: O Prophet of Allah! He will come to you right away. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) turned back. Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub (may Allah be pleased with him) saw the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him); he was working in his date orchard at the time. He came running to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: Welcome to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and those with you! He said: O Messenger of Allah! You do not usually come at this time. Then he took the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) back. Then he went to a cluster of dates and cut it. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: What do you intend by this? He said: O Messenger of Allah! I want you to eat the different kinds of dates from it, and along with this I will slaughter an animal for you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: If you must slaughter, then do not slaughter an animal that gives milk. So he slaughtered a one-year-old young goat. He said to his wife: You bake the bread and I will prepare the stew, because you can bake bread better. Then he took half of the young goat and cooked it, and roasted the other half. When the food was ready, he placed it before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took (some) meat, placed it on a loaf of bread and then said: O Abu Ayyub! Take this to Fatimah, because she has not had food like this for several days. When they had eaten their fill, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Bread, meat, busr, tamr and rutab (that is, different kinds of dates). Then tears flowed from his eyes, and then he said: These are among the blessings about which you will be held to account on the Day of Resurrection. The narrator says: This caused distress to his Companions. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: When you are granted something like this and you stretch out your hands, then say: "Bismillah wa barakatillah (In the name of Allah, seeking blessing, and with the blessing granted by Allah)." And when you have eaten your fill, say: "Alhamdu lillahi alladhi ashba'ana wa arwana wa an'ama wa afdal (All praise belongs to Allah, who has fed us to our fill, quenched our thirst, bestowed blessings and shown favour)." (The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:) This will then be its recompense. The narrator says: It was the habit of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that whenever someone did him a kindness, he liked to repay him. He said to Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him): Come to us tomorrow. He did not hear this, so Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) is instructing you to come to him. When Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) (the next day), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him a slave girl and said: O Abu Ayyub! Accept the advice to treat her well, for since she has been with us we have seen nothing but good in her. When Sayyiduna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him) brought that slave girl home, he said: I find no better way to act on the advice of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) than to set her free. So he set her free.
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Saghir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Kaysan al-Marwazi; Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy) and others declared him da'if (weak); the rest of the narrators of this narration are the narrators of the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded this narration in al-Mu'jam al-Saghir and al-Mu'jam al-Awsat; its chain contains a narrator, Abdullah bin Kaysan al-Marwazi; Ibn Hibban declared him thiqah (trustworthy) and others declared him da'if (weak); the rest of the narrators of this narration are the narrators of the Sahih.
