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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المناقب
Book of Virtues
بَابُ حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ
The incident of the slander (al-Ifk)
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 15297
اُردوEn
وَعَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ قَالَ : قُلْتُ - يَعْنِي لِعَائِشَةَ - : يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ - أَوْ يَا أُمَّتَاهُ - أَلَا تُحَدِّثِينِي كَيْفَ كَانَ - يَعْنِي أَمْرَ الْإِفْكِ - ؟ قَالَتْ : تَزَوَّجَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَأَنَا أَخُوضُ الْمَطَرَ بِمَكَّةَ ، وَمَا عِنْدِي مَا يَرْغَبُ فِيهِ الرِّجَالُ ، وَأَنَا بِنْتُ سِتِّ سِنِينَ ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَنِي أَلْقَى اللَّهُ عَلَيَّ الْحَيَاءَ ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - هَاجَرَ وَأَنَا مَعَهُ ، فَاحْتُمِلْتُ إِلَيْهِ ، وَقَدْ جَاءَنِي وَأَنَا بِنْتُ تِسْعِ سِنِينَ ، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَسِيرًا ، فَخَرَجَ بِي مَعَهُ ، وَكُنْتُ خَفِيفَةً فِي حُدَّاجَةٍ لِي عَلَيْهَا سُتُورٌ ، ارْتَحَلُوا جَلَسْتُ عَلَيْهَا ، وَاحْتَمَلُوهَا وَأَنَا فِيهَا فَشَدُّوهَا عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْبَعِيرِ ، فَنَزَلُوا مَنْزِلًا وَخَرَجْتُ لِحَاجَتِي ، فَرَجَعْتُ وَقَدْ نَادَوْا بِالرَّحِيلِ ، فَنَزَلْتُ فِي الْحِدَاجَةِ وَقَدْ رَأَوْنِي حِينَ حَرَّكْتُ السُّتُورَ ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسْتُ فِيهَا ضَرَبْتُ بِيَدِي عَلَى صَدْرِي ، فَإِذَا أَنَا قَدْ نَسِيتُ قِلَادَةً كَانَتْ مَعِي مِنْ جَزْعٍ ، فَخَرَجْتُ مُسْرِعَةً أَطْلُبُهَا ، فَرَجَعْتُ فَإِذَا الْقَوْمُ قَدْ سَارُوا ، فَإِذَا أَنَا لَا أَرَى إِلَّا الْغُبَارَ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ ، فَإِذَا هُمْ قَدْ وَضَعُوا الْحِدَاجَةَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْبَعِيرِ ، لَا يَرَوْنَ إِلَّا أَنِّي فِيهَا لِمَا رَأَوْا مِنْ خِفَّتِي ، فَإِذَا رَجُلٌ آخِذٌ بِرَأْسِ بَعِيرِهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : مَنِ الرَّجُلُ ؟ فَقَالَ : صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ ، أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْتِ ؟ قُلْتُ : نَعَمْ . قَالَ : إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ ، قُلْتُ : أَدْرِ عَنِّي وَجْهَكَ ، وَضَعْ رِجْلَكَ عَلَى ذِرَاعِ بَعِيرِكَ . قَالَ : أَفْعَلُ وَنِعْمَةُ عَيْنٍ وَكَرَامَةٌ . قَالَتْ : فَأَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ حِينَ نَزَلُوا ، فَذَهَبَ فَوَضَعَنِي عِنْدَ الْحِدَاجَةِ ، فَنَظَرَ إِلَيَّ النَّاسُ وَأَنَا لَا أَشْعُرُ ، قَالَتْ : وَأَنْكَرْتُ لُطْفَ أَبَوَيَّ ، وَأَنْكَرْتُ لُطْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا قَدْ كَانَ قِيلَ ، حَتَّى دَخَلَتْ عَلَيَّ خَادِمِي أَوْ رَبِيبَتِي ، فَقَالَتْ كَذَا قَالَتْ ، وَقَالَ لِي رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ : مَا أَغْفَلَكِ ! فَأَخَذَتْنِي حُمَّى نَافِضٍ ، فَأَخَذَتْ أُمِّي كُلَّ ثَوْبٍ كَانَ فِي الْبَيْتِ فَأَلْقَتْهُ عَلَيَّ . فَاسْتَشَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - النَّاسَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ ، فَقَالَ : " مَا تَرَوْنَ ؟ " . فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : مَا أَكْثَرَ النِّسَاءَ ، وَتَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْبَدَلِ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : أَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَيَنْزِلُ عَلَيْكَ الْوَحْيُ ، وَأَمْرُنَا لِأَمْرِكَ تَبَعٌ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ : وَاللَّهِ لَيُبَيِّنَنَّهُ اللَّهُ لَكَ فَلَا تَعْجَلْ .
قَالَتْ : وَقَدْ صَارَ وَجْهُ أَبِي كَأَنَّهُ صُبَّ عَلَيْهِ زِرْنِيخٌ . قَالَتْ : فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَرَأَى مَا بِي ، فَقَالَ : " مَا لِهَذِهِ ؟ " . قَالَتْ أُمِّي : مَا لِهَذِهِ مِمَّا قُلْتُمْ وَقِيلَ ، فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئًا . قَالَتْ : فَزَادَنِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدِي . قَالَتْ : وَأَتَانِي ، فَقَالَ : " اتَّقِي اللَّهَ يَا عَائِشَةُ ، وَإِنْ كُنْتِ قَارَفْتِ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْئًا فَتُوبِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ، وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ " . قَالَتْ : وَطَلَبْتُ اسْمَ يَعْقُوبَ ، فَلَمْ أَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : غَيْرَ أَنِّي أَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ : فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ ، إِنَّمَا أَشْكُو بَثِّي وَحُزْنِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ . قَالَتْ : فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَوَجْهُهُ كَأَنَّمَا ذِيبَ عَلَيْهِ الزِّرْنِيخُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ [الْوَحْيُ]، وَكَانَ إِذَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَطُوفْ ، فَعَرِفَ أَصْحَابُهُ أَنَّهُ يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ ، وَجَعَلُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ ، وَهُوَ يَتَهَلَّلُ وَيُسْفِرُ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الْوَحْيُ قَالَ : " أَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عُذْرَ ابْنَتِكَ وَبَرَاءَتَهَا ، فَانْطَلِقْ إِلَيْهَا فَبَشِّرْهَا " . قَالَتْ : وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ مَا نَزَلَ فِيَّ . قَالَتْ : وَأَقْبَلَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُسْرِعًا يَكَادُ أَنْ يَنْكَبَّ قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ : بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ لَا بِحَمْدِ صَاحِبِكَ الَّذِي جِئْتَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِي ، فَأَخَذَ بِكَفِّي ، فَانْتَزَعْتُ يَدِي مِنْهُ ، فَضَرَبَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، وَقَالَ : أَتَنْزَعِينَ كَفَّكِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَوْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ؟ تَفْعَلِينَ هَذَا ؟ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . قَالَتْ : فَهَذَا كَانَ أَمْرِي . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْبَقَّالُ ، فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ وَقَدْ وُثِّقَ .
قَالَتْ : وَقَدْ صَارَ وَجْهُ أَبِي كَأَنَّهُ صُبَّ عَلَيْهِ زِرْنِيخٌ . قَالَتْ : فَدَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَرَأَى مَا بِي ، فَقَالَ : " مَا لِهَذِهِ ؟ " . قَالَتْ أُمِّي : مَا لِهَذِهِ مِمَّا قُلْتُمْ وَقِيلَ ، فَلَمْ يَتَكَلَّمْ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئًا . قَالَتْ : فَزَادَنِي ذَلِكَ عَلَى مَا عِنْدِي . قَالَتْ : وَأَتَانِي ، فَقَالَ : " اتَّقِي اللَّهَ يَا عَائِشَةُ ، وَإِنْ كُنْتِ قَارَفْتِ مِنْ هَذَا شَيْئًا فَتُوبِي إِلَى اللَّهِ ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ ، وَيَعْفُو عَنِ السَّيِّئَاتِ " . قَالَتْ : وَطَلَبْتُ اسْمَ يَعْقُوبَ ، فَلَمْ أَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ ، فَقُلْتُ : غَيْرَ أَنِّي أَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ : فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ ، إِنَّمَا أَشْكُو بَثِّي وَحُزْنِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَعْلَمُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ . قَالَتْ : فَبَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ ، وَوَجْهُهُ كَأَنَّمَا ذِيبَ عَلَيْهِ الزِّرْنِيخُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ [الْوَحْيُ]، وَكَانَ إِذَا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَطُوفْ ، فَعَرِفَ أَصْحَابُهُ أَنَّهُ يُوحَى إِلَيْهِ ، وَجَعَلُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَى وَجْهِهِ ، وَهُوَ يَتَهَلَّلُ وَيُسْفِرُ ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى الْوَحْيُ قَالَ : " أَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ، قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عُذْرَ ابْنَتِكَ وَبَرَاءَتَهَا ، فَانْطَلِقْ إِلَيْهَا فَبَشِّرْهَا " . قَالَتْ : وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِ مَا نَزَلَ فِيَّ . قَالَتْ : وَأَقْبَلَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُسْرِعًا يَكَادُ أَنْ يَنْكَبَّ قَالَتْ : فَقُلْتُ : بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ لَا بِحَمْدِ صَاحِبِكَ الَّذِي جِئْتَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ ، فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِي ، فَأَخَذَ بِكَفِّي ، فَانْتَزَعْتُ يَدِي مِنْهُ ، فَضَرَبَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، وَقَالَ : أَتَنْزَعِينَ كَفَّكِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَوْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - ؟ تَفْعَلِينَ هَذَا ؟ فَضَحِكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . قَالَتْ : فَهَذَا كَانَ أَمْرِي . رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَفِيهِ أَبُو سَعْدٍ الْبَقَّالُ ، فِيهِ ضَعْفٌ وَقَدْ وُثِّقَ .
Al-Aswad narrates: I said to the Mother of the Believers, Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "O Mother of the Believers!" (the narrator is unsure; perhaps the words were:) "O dear mother! Will you not tell me how the incident of the slander (ifk) happened?" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: "When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) married me, I used to wander about in the rain in Makkah, for I was not yet of an age in which men take interest; I was six years old. When I learned that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had married me, Allah Almighty placed modesty upon me. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) emigrated, and I was his wife. I was mounted and brought to him, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me when I was nine years old (that is, I was sent to his home at the age of nine). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was making a journey and took me along with him. I was light in weight. I would stay in a litter (howdah) that had curtains over it. When they were about to set off, I would sit in that howdah, they would lift it with me inside it, and they would tie the howdah onto the camel's back. Once they made camp at a place and I went out to relieve myself. When I came back, they had announced that departure was about to begin. Meanwhile I came out of the howdah; they had seen me when the curtains moved. When I sat in it, I struck my hand on my chest and found that I had lost my necklace. I hurried out to look for it. When I came back, the people had gone, and I could see nothing but dust in the distance. They had placed the howdah on the camel's back, thinking that I was inside it, because I was so light. Meanwhile I saw a man holding the head of his camel. I asked: 'Who are you?' He said: 'Safwan bin al-Mu'attal. Are you the Mother of the Believers?' I replied: 'Yes.' He said: 'Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we return).' I said: 'Turn your face away from me and put your foot on your camel's foreleg.' He said: 'I will do so, and it is an honour for me.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "We reached the people when they had already made their next camp. I went and got into my howdah. The people saw me, and I did not know what the situation was." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "But during this time I found the attitude of my parents changed, and I also found the attitude of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) changed, but I could not find out what was being said, until once my servant came to me and told me that the situation was such and such. A man from the Muhajirun said to me: 'How unaware you are!' Then I was seized by a fever with shivering, and my mother took every cloth in the house and threw it over me. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted his Companions about this matter and asked: 'What is your opinion?' Someone said: 'Women are many, and you are able to take another in her place (by marrying another woman).' Someone said: 'You are the Messenger of Allah; revelation descends upon you, and our affair follows your command.' Someone said: 'By Allah! Allah Almighty will make the truth of this matter clear to you, so do not be hasty.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "Meanwhile my father's face had become as though arsenic had been poured over it." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me, and when he saw my condition he asked: 'What is the cause of this?' My mother said: 'It is because of what you people are saying and what has been said.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not say anything, and said nothing further." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "This added still more to my distress." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "Then once the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to me and said: 'O Aishah! Fear Allah Almighty. If you have committed anything of this kind, then repent in the presence of Allah Almighty; indeed, Allah Almighty accepts repentance from His servants and pardons evil deeds.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: "In reply I wanted to mention the name of Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him), but at that moment I could not recall it, so I said: 'I can only say what the father of Sayyiduna Yusuf (peace be upon him) said (which is mentioned in the Qur'an in these words): "So patience is most fitting, and it is Allah whose help is sought against what you describe. I only complain of my anguish and my grief to Allah Almighty, and I know from Allah Almighty what you do not know."'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "Once the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was among his Companions, and his face looked as though arsenic had been poured over it, until revelation began to descend upon him. When revelation began to descend upon him, no one would look towards him. His Companions realised that revelation was descending upon him and they waited for him, while his face kept becoming brighter. When the revelation ended, he said: 'O Abu Bakr! Glad tidings for you! Allah Almighty has revealed the vindication and innocence of your daughter; go to her and give her the glad tidings.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited to him the verses that had been revealed about me." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) came walking quickly, almost falling." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: "I said: 'For this I praise Allah Almighty, and not your master from whose presence you have come.' Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came and sat by my head. He took my hand, and I pulled my hand away from him. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) struck me and said: 'Are you pulling your hand away from the Messenger of Allah? Are you doing this to the Messenger of Allah?' At that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) laughed." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said to the narrator: "So this was the matter."
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Abu Sa'd al-Baqqal, in whom there is weakness, though he has also been declared trustworthy.
Al-Tabarani recorded it; its chain contains a narrator, Abu Sa'd al-Baqqal, in whom there is weakness, though he has also been declared trustworthy.
