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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المناقب
Book of Virtues
بَابُ حَدِيثِ الْإِفْكِ
The incident of the slander (al-Ifk)
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 15298
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَتْ : كَانَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَ نِسَائِهِ ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ خَرَجَ سَهْمُهَا خَرَجَ بِهَا مَعَهُ ، فَخَرَجَ سَهْمُ عَائِشَةَ فِي غَزْوَةِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَكَانَ قَرِيبًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، وَكَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ جُوَيْرِيَةً حَدِيثَةَ السِّنِّ ، قَلِيلَةَ اللَّحْمِ خَفِيفَةً ، وَكَانَتْ تَلْزَمُ خِدْرَهَا ، فَإِذَا أَرَادَ النَّاسُ الرَّحِيلَ ، ذَهَبَتْ ،فَتَوَضَأَتْ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتْ فَدَخَلَتْ مِحَفَّتَهَا ، فَيُرَحَّلُ بِعِيرُهَا ، ثُمَّ تُحْمَلُ مِحَفَّتُهَا فَتُوضَعُ عَلَى الْبَعِيرِ ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا قَالَ فِيهَا الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَغَيْرُهُمْ مِمَّنِ اشْتَرَكَ فِي أَمْرِ عَائِشَةَ : إِنَّهَا خَرَجَتْ تَتَوَضَّأُ حِينَ دَنَوْا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ ، فَانْسَلَّ مِنْ عُنُقِهَا عِقْدٌ لَهَا مِنْ جَزْعِ أَظْفَارٍ ، فَارْتَحَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَالنَّاسُ ، وَهِيَ فِي بُغَاءِ الْعِقْدِ ، وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِرَحِيلِهِمْ ، فَشَدُّوا عَلَى بَعِيرِهَا الْمِحَفَّةَ ، وَهُمْ يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهَا فِيهَا كَمَا كَانَتْ تَكُونُ ، فَرَجَعَتْ عَائِشَةُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهَا ، فَلَمْ تَجِدْ فِي الْعَسْكَرِ أَحَدًا ، فَغَلَبَتْهَا عَيْنَاهَا .
وَكَانَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ السُّلَمِيُّ - صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تَخَلَّفَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ عَنِ الْعَسْكَرِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ . قَالَتْ : فَمَرَّ بِي فَرَآنِي فَاسْتَرْجَعَ ، وَأَعْظَمَ مَكَانِي حِينَ رَآنِي وَحْدِي، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْرِفُهُ وَيَعْرِفُنِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْنَا الْحِجَابُ . قَالَتْ : فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرِي ، فَسَتَرْتُ وَجْهِي عَنْهُ بِجِلْبَابِي ، وَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِأَمْرِي ، فَقَرَّبَ بَعِيرَهُ فَوَطِئَ عَلَى ذِرَاعِهِ ، فَوَلَّانِي قَفَاهُ حَتَّى رَكِبْتُ ، وَسَوَّيْتُ ثِيَابِي ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ ، فَأَقْبَلَ يَسِيرُ بِي حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ ، فَهُنَالِكَ قَالَ فِيَّ وَفِيهِ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِفْكِ ، وَأَنَا لَا أَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَلَا مِمَّا يَخُوضُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِي ، وَكُنْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي شَاكِيَةً . وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا أَنْكَرْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعُودُنِي قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَرِضْتُ ، وَكَانَ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي لَا يُدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ وَلَا يَعُودُنِي ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ ، وَهُوَ مَارٌّ : " كَيْفَ تِيكُمْ ؟ " . فَيَسْأَلُ عَنِّي أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ . فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِي غَمَّهُ ذَلِكَ ، وَقَدْ شَكَوْتُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أُمِّي مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنَ الْجَفْوَةِ فَقَالَتْ لِي : يَا بُنَيَّةُ ، اصْبِرِي فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَلَّ مَا كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَسْنَاءُ يُحِبُّهَا زَوْجُهَا لَهَا ضَرَائِرُ إِلَّا رَمَيْنَهَا . قَالَتْ : فَوَجَدْتُ حِسًّا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ صُبْحِهَا إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، يَسْتَشِيرُهُمَا فِي أَمْرِي ، وَكُنَّا ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانَ لَيْسَ لَنَا كُنُفٌ نَذْهَبُ فِيهَا ، إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَذْهَبُ كَمَا يَذْهَبُ الْعَرَبُ لَيْلًا إِلَى لَيْلٍ ، فَقُلْتُ لِأُمِّ مِسْطَحِ بْنِ أُثَاثَةَ : خُذِي الْإِدَاوَةَ فَامْلَئِيهَا مَاءً فَاذْهَبِي بِهَا إِلَى الْمَنَاصِعِ ، وَكَانَتْ هِيَ وَابْنُهَا مِسْطَحٌ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَرَابَةٌ ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِمَا ، فَكَانَا يَكُونَانِ عِنْدَهُ وَمَعَ أَهْلِهِ .
فَأَخَذَتِ الْإِدَاوَةَ وَخَرَجَتْ نَحْوَ الْمَنَاصِعِ ، فَعَثَرَتْ أُمُّ مِسْطَحٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : تَعِسَ مِسْطَحٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتِ . قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ مَشَيْنَا فَعَثَرَتْ أَيْضًا ، فَقَالَتْ : تَعِسَ مِسْطَحٌ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا : بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتِ لِصَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَصَاحِبِ بَدْرٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّكَ لَغَافِلَةٌ عَمَّا فِيهِ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَمْرِكِ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَجَلْ ، فَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ مِسْطَحًا وَفُلَانًا وَفُلَانَةَ فِيمَنِ اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ؛ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي بَيْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ أَخِي بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عَنْكِ وَعَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ الْمُعَطَّلِ ; يَرْمُونَكِ بِهِ .
قَالَتْ : فَذَهَبَ عَنِّي مَا كُنْتُ أَجِدُ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ ، فَرَجَعْتُ عُودِي عَلَى يَدَيَّ [إِلَى بَيْتِي].
فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ ، بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمَا بِمَا قِيلَ فِيَّ ، وَاسْتَشَارَهُمَا فِي أَمْرِي ، فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ : وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَى أَهْلِكَ سُوءًا ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَهُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا أَكْثَرَ النِّسَاءَ ، وَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَعْلَمَ الْخَبَرَ فَتَوَعَّدِ الْجَارِيَةَ - يَعْنِي بَرِيرَةَ - فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَعَلَّ : " فَشَأْنُكَ بِالْخَادِمِ " . فَسَأَلَهَا عَلِيٌّ عَنِّي ، فَلَمْ تُخْبِرْهُ - وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ ؛ قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ سُوءًا ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا جُوَيْرِيَّةٌ تُصْبِحُ عَنْ عَجِينِ أَهْلِهَا ، فَتَدْخُلُ الشَّاةُ الدَّاجِنُ فَتَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْعَجِينِ .
قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - حِينَ سَمِعَ مَا قَالَتْ - بَرِيرَةُ لِعَلِيٍّ إِلَى النَّاسِ ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ : " يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، مَنْ لِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُؤْذُونَنِي فِي أَهْلِي ؟ فَمَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي سُوءًا ، وَيَرْمُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِي ، مَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَيْهِ سُوءًا ، وَلَا خَرَجْتُ مَخْرَجًا إِلَّا خَرَجَ مَعِيَ فِيهِ " .
قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ كَفَيْنَاكَهُ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ أَمَرْتَنَا فِيهِ بِأَمْرِكَ . وَقَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ثُمَّ الْخَزْرَجَيُّ ، فَقَالَ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ : كَذَبْتَ ، وَاللَّهِ وَهَذَا الْبَاطِلُ . فَقَامَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ثُمَّ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ ، وَرِجَالٌ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ ، فَاسْتَبُّوا وَتَنَازَعُوا حَتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يَعْظُمَ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ . فَدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَيْتِي ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى أَبَوَيَّ فَأَتَيَاهُ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، إِنَّمَا أَنْتِ مِنْ بَنَاتِ آدَمَ ، فَإِنْ كُنْتِ أَخْطَأْتِ فَتُوبِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاسْتَغْفِرِيهِ " . فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي : أَجِبْ عَنِّي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَا أَفْعَلُ ، هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ وَالْوَحْيُ يَأْتِيهِ ، فَقُلْتُ لِأُمِّي : أَجِيبِي عَنِّي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَتْ لِي كَمَا قَالَ أَبِي ، فَقُلْتُ : وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَقْرَرْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي بِبَاطِلٍ لَتُصَدِّقُنَّنِي ، وَلَئِنْ بَرَّأْتُ نَفْسِي - وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي بَرِيئَةٌ - لَتُكَذِّبُنَّنِي ، فَمَا أَجِدُ لِي وَلَكُمْ مَثَلًا إِلَّا قَوْلَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ حِينَ يَقُولُ : ( فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ ) . وَنَسِيتُ اسْمَ يَعْقُوبَ لِمَا بِي مِنَ الْحُزْنِ وَالْبُكَاءِ وَاحْتِرَاقِ الْجَوْفِ ، فَتَغَشَّى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا كَانَ يَتَغَشَّاهُ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ ، ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ بِيَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَبْشِرِي يَا عَائِشَةُ ؛ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - بَرَاءَتَكِ " . فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَمْرِي ، وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرْجُو لِمَا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَرَاءَتِي أَنْ يَرَى النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي أَمْرِي رُؤْيَا ، فَيُبَرِّئُنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا عِنْدَ نَبِيِّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
فَقَالَ لِي أَبَوَايَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ : قُومِي فَقَبِّلِي رَأْسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقُلْتُ : وَاللَّهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ ، بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ لَا بِحَمْدِكُمْ .
قَالَ : وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَأُمِّهِ ، فَلَمَّا رَمَانِي حَلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَنْفَعَهُ بِشَيْءٍ أَبَدًا . قَالَ : فَلَمَّا تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ " . بَكَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، قَالَ : بَلَى يَا رَبِّ ، وَأَعَادَ النَّفَقَةَ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَأُمِّهِ .
قَالَتْ : وَقَعَدَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ بِالسَّيْفِ فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ لِحَسَّانَ حِينَ ضَرَبَهُ :
تَلَقَّ ذُبَابَ السَّيْفِ عَنْكَ فَإِنَّنِي غُلَامٌ إِذَا هُوجِيتُ لَسْتُ بِشَاعِرِ وَلَكِنَّنِي أَحْمِي حِمَايَ وَأَنْتَقِمْ
مِنَ الْبَاهِتِ الرَّامِي الْبُرَاةِ الطَّوَاهِرِ .
ثُمَّ صَاحَ حَسَّانُ فَاسْتَغَاثَ النَّاسَ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ النَّاسُ فَرَّ صَفْوَانُ ، فَجَاءَ حَسَّانُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَاسْتَعْدَاهُ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ فِي ضَرْبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَهَبَ لَهُ ضَرْبَةَ صَفْوَانَ إِيَّاهُ ، فَوَهَبَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَعَاضَهُ[مِنْهَا] النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - حَائِطًا مِنْ نَخْلٍ عَظِيمٍ وَجَارِيَةً رُومِيَّةً - وَيُقَالُ قِبْطِيَّةً - تُدْعَى سِيرِينَ . فَوَلَدَتْ لِحَسَّانَ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّاعِرَ . قَالَ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ : أَخْبَرَنِي بِذَلِكَ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ بَاعَ حَسَّانُ ذَلِكَ الْحَائِطَ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - : وَبَلَغَنِي - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ : ( وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ) - أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ أَحَدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقِيلَ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْإِفْكِ الْأَشْعَارُ ، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي مِسْطَحٍ فِي رَمْيِهِ عَائِشَةَ ، فَكَانَ يُدْعَى عَوْفًا :
يَا عَوْفُ وَيْحَكَ هَلَّا قُلْتَ عَارِفَةً مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَلَمْ تَبْغِي بِهِ طَمَعَا
فَأَدْرَكَتْكَ حُمَيَّا مَعْشَرٍ أُنُفٍ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَاطِعًا يَا عَوْفُ مَنْ قَطَعَا
هَلَّا حَرِبْتَ مِنَ الْأَقْوَامِ إِذْ حَسَدُوا فَلَا تَقُولُ وَإِنْ عَادَيْتَهُمْ قَذَعَا
لَمَّا رَمَيْتَ حَصَانًا غَيْرَ مُقْرِفَةٍ أَمِينَةَ الْجَيْبِ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ لَهَا خَضَعَا
فِيمَنْ رَمَاهَا وَكُنْتُمْ مَعْشَرًا أُفُكًا فِي سَيِّئِ الْقَوْلِ مِنْ لَفْظِ الْخَنَا شَرَعَا
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عُذْرًا فِي بَرَاءَتِهَا وَبَيْنَ عَوْفٍ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ مَا صَنَعَا
فَإِنْ أَعِشْ أَجْزِ عَوْفًا فِي مَقَالَتِهِ سُوءَ الْجَزَاءِ بِمَا أَلْفَيْتُهُ تَبَعَا
.
وَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الَّذِينَ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ :
تَشْهَدُ الْأَوْسُ كُلُّهَا وَفَتَاهَا بِحِقْدٍ وَذَلِكَ مُعْلُومُ
نِسَاءُ الْخَزْرَجِيِّينَ يَشْهَدْنَ وَالْخُمَاسِيُّ مِنْ نَسْلِهَا وَالْعَظِيمُ
أَنَّ بِنْتَ الصِّدِّيقِ كَانَتْ حَصَانًا عَفَّةَ الْجَيْبِ دِينُهَا مُسْتَقِيمُ
تَتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِي الْمَغِيبِ عَلَيْهَا نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ سِرُّهَا مَا يَرِيمُ
خَيْرُ هَدْيِ النِّسَاءِ حَالًا وَنَفْسًا وَأَبًا لِلْعُلَا نَمَاهَا كَرِيمُ
لِلْمَوَالِي إِذَا رَمُوهَا بِإِفْكٍ أَخَذَتْهُمْ مَقَامِعٌ وَجَحِيمُ
لَيْتَ مَنْ كَانَ قَدْ قَفَاهَا بِسُوءٍ فِي حُطَامٍ حَتَّى يَبُولَ اللَّئِيمُ
وَعَوَانٍ مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ تَلَظَّى ثَغْسًا قُوتُهَا عَقَارٌ صَرِيمُ
لَيْتَ سَعْدًا وَمَنْ رَمَاهَا بِسُوءٍ فِي كَظَاظٍ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ الظَّلُومُ
.
وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ وَهُوَ يُبَرِّئُ عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فِيمَا قِيلَ فِيهَا ، وَيَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْهَا :
حَصَانٌ رَزَانٌ مَا تُزَنُّ بِرِيبَةٍ وَتُصْبِحُ غَرْثَى مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَوَافِلِ
خَلِيلَةُ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ دِينًا وَمَنْصِبًا نَبِيِّ الْهُدَى وَالْمَكْرُمَاتِ الْفَوَاضِلِ
عَقِيلَةُ حَيٍّ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ كِرَامِ الْمَسَاعِي مَجْدُهَا غَيْرُ زَائِلِ
مُهَذَّبَةٌ قَدْ طَيَّبَ اللَّهُ خِيَمَهَا وَطَهَّرَهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ سُوءٍ وَبَاطِلِ
فَإِنْ كَانَ مَا قَدْ جَاءَ عَنِّي قُلْتُهُ فَلَا رَفَعَتْ صَوْتِي إِلَىَّ أَنَامِلِي
وَإِنَّ الَّذِي قَدْ قِيلَ لَيْسَ بِلَائِطٍ بِكِ الدَّهْرَ بَلْ قَوْلُ امْرِئٍ غَيْرِ هَائِلِ
وَكَيْفَ وَوُدِّي مَا حَيِيتُ وَنُصْرَتِي لِآلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ زَيْنِ الْمَحَافِلِ
لَهُ رَتْبٌ عَالٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَضْلُهَا تَقَاصَرَ عَنْهَا سَوْرَةُ الْمُتَطَاوِلِ
.
قَالَ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ : وَحَدَّثَنِي[أَبِي] أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَمَرَ بِالَّذِينِ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ ; فَجُلِدُوا الْحَدَّ[جَمِيعًا] ثَمَانِينَ ثَمَانِينَ . وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي الشِّعْرِ حِينَ جُلِدُوا :
لَقَدْ ذَاقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ أَهْلَهُ وَحَمْنَةُ إِذْ قَالُوا هَجِيرًا وَمِسْطَحُ
تَعَاطَوْا بِرَجْمِ الْغَيْبِ زَوْجَ نَبِيِّهِمْ وَسَخْطَةَ ذِي الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ فَأَنْزَحُوا
فَآذَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِيهَا وَعَمَّمُوا مَخَازِيَ سُوءٍ حَلَّلُوهَا وَفُضِّحُوا
.
قُلْتُ : حَدِيثُ الْإِفْكِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِاخْتِصَارٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا ، وَبِغَيْرِ سِيَاقِهِ أَيْضًا .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ هَذَا يُخَالِفُ مَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ .
وَكَانَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ السُّلَمِيُّ - صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - تَخَلَّفَ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ عَنِ الْعَسْكَرِ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ . قَالَتْ : فَمَرَّ بِي فَرَآنِي فَاسْتَرْجَعَ ، وَأَعْظَمَ مَكَانِي حِينَ رَآنِي وَحْدِي، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ أَعْرِفُهُ وَيَعْرِفُنِي قَبْلَ أَنْ يُضْرَبَ عَلَيْنَا الْحِجَابُ . قَالَتْ : فَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ أَمْرِي ، فَسَتَرْتُ وَجْهِي عَنْهُ بِجِلْبَابِي ، وَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِأَمْرِي ، فَقَرَّبَ بَعِيرَهُ فَوَطِئَ عَلَى ذِرَاعِهِ ، فَوَلَّانِي قَفَاهُ حَتَّى رَكِبْتُ ، وَسَوَّيْتُ ثِيَابِي ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُ ، فَأَقْبَلَ يَسِيرُ بِي حَتَّى دَخَلْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ أَوْ نَحْوَهُ ، فَهُنَالِكَ قَالَ فِيَّ وَفِيهِ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِفْكِ ، وَأَنَا لَا أَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ ، وَلَا مِمَّا يَخُوضُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِي ، وَكُنْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي شَاكِيَةً . وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا أَنْكَرْتُ مِنْ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعُودُنِي قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ إِذَا مَرِضْتُ ، وَكَانَ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي لَا يُدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ وَلَا يَعُودُنِي ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ ، وَهُوَ مَارٌّ : " كَيْفَ تِيكُمْ ؟ " . فَيَسْأَلُ عَنِّي أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ . فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِي غَمَّهُ ذَلِكَ ، وَقَدْ شَكَوْتُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أُمِّي مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنَ الْجَفْوَةِ فَقَالَتْ لِي : يَا بُنَيَّةُ ، اصْبِرِي فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَلَّ مَا كَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ حَسْنَاءُ يُحِبُّهَا زَوْجُهَا لَهَا ضَرَائِرُ إِلَّا رَمَيْنَهَا . قَالَتْ : فَوَجَدْتُ حِسًّا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ الَّتِي بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مِنْ صُبْحِهَا إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، يَسْتَشِيرُهُمَا فِي أَمْرِي ، وَكُنَّا ذَلِكَ الزَّمَانَ لَيْسَ لَنَا كُنُفٌ نَذْهَبُ فِيهَا ، إِنَّمَا كُنَّا نَذْهَبُ كَمَا يَذْهَبُ الْعَرَبُ لَيْلًا إِلَى لَيْلٍ ، فَقُلْتُ لِأُمِّ مِسْطَحِ بْنِ أُثَاثَةَ : خُذِي الْإِدَاوَةَ فَامْلَئِيهَا مَاءً فَاذْهَبِي بِهَا إِلَى الْمَنَاصِعِ ، وَكَانَتْ هِيَ وَابْنُهَا مِسْطَحٌ بَيْنَهُمَا وَبَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَرَابَةٌ ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهِمَا ، فَكَانَا يَكُونَانِ عِنْدَهُ وَمَعَ أَهْلِهِ .
فَأَخَذَتِ الْإِدَاوَةَ وَخَرَجَتْ نَحْوَ الْمَنَاصِعِ ، فَعَثَرَتْ أُمُّ مِسْطَحٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : تَعِسَ مِسْطَحٌ ، فَقُلْتُ : بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتِ . قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ مَشَيْنَا فَعَثَرَتْ أَيْضًا ، فَقَالَتْ : تَعِسَ مِسْطَحٌ ، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا : بِئْسَ مَا قُلْتِ لِصَاحِبِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَصَاحِبِ بَدْرٍ ، فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّكَ لَغَافِلَةٌ عَمَّا فِيهِ النَّاسُ مِنْ أَمْرِكِ ، فَقُلْتُ : أَجَلْ ، فَمَا ذَاكَ ؟ فَقَالَتْ : إِنَّ مِسْطَحًا وَفُلَانًا وَفُلَانَةَ فِيمَنِ اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ ؛ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فِي بَيْتِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ أَخِي بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ يَتَحَدَّثُونَ عَنْكِ وَعَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ الْمُعَطَّلِ ; يَرْمُونَكِ بِهِ .
قَالَتْ : فَذَهَبَ عَنِّي مَا كُنْتُ أَجِدُ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ ، فَرَجَعْتُ عُودِي عَلَى يَدَيَّ [إِلَى بَيْتِي].
فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا مِنْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةِ ، بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ، وَأُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمَا بِمَا قِيلَ فِيَّ ، وَاسْتَشَارَهُمَا فِي أَمْرِي ، فَقَالَ أُسَامَةُ : وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْنَا عَلَى أَهْلِكَ سُوءًا ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لَهُ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَا أَكْثَرَ النِّسَاءَ ، وَإِنْ أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَعْلَمَ الْخَبَرَ فَتَوَعَّدِ الْجَارِيَةَ - يَعْنِي بَرِيرَةَ - فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَعَلَّ : " فَشَأْنُكَ بِالْخَادِمِ " . فَسَأَلَهَا عَلِيٌّ عَنِّي ، فَلَمْ تُخْبِرْهُ - وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ ؛ قَالَتْ : وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَى عَائِشَةَ سُوءًا ، إِلَّا أَنَّهَا جُوَيْرِيَّةٌ تُصْبِحُ عَنْ عَجِينِ أَهْلِهَا ، فَتَدْخُلُ الشَّاةُ الدَّاجِنُ فَتَأْكُلُ مِنَ الْعَجِينِ .
قَالَتْ : ثُمَّ خَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - حِينَ سَمِعَ مَا قَالَتْ - بَرِيرَةُ لِعَلِيٍّ إِلَى النَّاسِ ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعُوا إِلَيْهِ قَالَ : " يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ، مَنْ لِي مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُؤْذُونَنِي فِي أَهْلِي ؟ فَمَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَى أَهْلِي سُوءًا ، وَيَرْمُونَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِي ، مَا عَلِمْتُ عَلَيْهِ سُوءًا ، وَلَا خَرَجْتُ مَخْرَجًا إِلَّا خَرَجَ مَعِيَ فِيهِ " .
قَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ كَفَيْنَاكَهُ ، وَإِنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ أَمَرْتَنَا فِيهِ بِأَمْرِكَ . وَقَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ثُمَّ الْخَزْرَجَيُّ ، فَقَالَ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ : كَذَبْتَ ، وَاللَّهِ وَهَذَا الْبَاطِلُ . فَقَامَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ ثُمَّ الْأَشْهَلِيُّ ، وَرِجَالٌ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ ، فَاسْتَبُّوا وَتَنَازَعُوا حَتَّى كَادَ أَنْ يَعْظُمَ الْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ . فَدَخَلَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَيْتِي ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَى أَبَوَيَّ فَأَتَيَاهُ ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ أَهْلُهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي : " يَا عَائِشَةُ ، إِنَّمَا أَنْتِ مِنْ بَنَاتِ آدَمَ ، فَإِنْ كُنْتِ أَخْطَأْتِ فَتُوبِي إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاسْتَغْفِرِيهِ " . فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي : أَجِبْ عَنِّي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَا أَفْعَلُ ، هُوَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ وَالْوَحْيُ يَأْتِيهِ ، فَقُلْتُ لِأُمِّي : أَجِيبِي عَنِّي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقَالَتْ لِي كَمَا قَالَ أَبِي ، فَقُلْتُ : وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ أَقْرَرْتُ عَلَى نَفْسِي بِبَاطِلٍ لَتُصَدِّقُنَّنِي ، وَلَئِنْ بَرَّأْتُ نَفْسِي - وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي بَرِيئَةٌ - لَتُكَذِّبُنَّنِي ، فَمَا أَجِدُ لِي وَلَكُمْ مَثَلًا إِلَّا قَوْلَ أَبِي يُوسُفَ حِينَ يَقُولُ : ( فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ ) . وَنَسِيتُ اسْمَ يَعْقُوبَ لِمَا بِي مِنَ الْحُزْنِ وَالْبُكَاءِ وَاحْتِرَاقِ الْجَوْفِ ، فَتَغَشَّى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - مَا كَانَ يَتَغَشَّاهُ مِنَ الْوَحْيِ ، ثُمَّ سُرِّيَ عَنْهُ فَمَسَحَ وَجْهَهُ بِيَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : " أَبْشِرِي يَا عَائِشَةُ ؛ قَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - بَرَاءَتَكِ " . فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ الْقُرْآنُ فِي أَمْرِي ، وَلَكِنِّي كُنْتُ أَرْجُو لِمَا يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَرَاءَتِي أَنْ يَرَى النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فِي أَمْرِي رُؤْيَا ، فَيُبَرِّئُنِي اللَّهُ بِهَا عِنْدَ نَبِيِّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - .
فَقَالَ لِي أَبَوَايَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ : قُومِي فَقَبِّلِي رَأْسَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقُلْتُ : وَاللَّهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ ، بِحَمْدِ اللَّهِ لَا بِحَمْدِكُمْ .
قَالَ : وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَأُمِّهِ ، فَلَمَّا رَمَانِي حَلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ لَا يَنْفَعَهُ بِشَيْءٍ أَبَدًا . قَالَ : فَلَمَّا تَلَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : " وَلْيَعْفُوا وَلْيَصْفَحُوا أَلَا تُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَغْفِرَ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ " . بَكَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ، قَالَ : بَلَى يَا رَبِّ ، وَأَعَادَ النَّفَقَةَ عَلَى مِسْطَحٍ وَأُمِّهِ .
قَالَتْ : وَقَعَدَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ الْمُعَطَّلِ لِحَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ بِالسَّيْفِ فَضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةً ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ لِحَسَّانَ حِينَ ضَرَبَهُ :
تَلَقَّ ذُبَابَ السَّيْفِ عَنْكَ فَإِنَّنِي غُلَامٌ إِذَا هُوجِيتُ لَسْتُ بِشَاعِرِ وَلَكِنَّنِي أَحْمِي حِمَايَ وَأَنْتَقِمْ
مِنَ الْبَاهِتِ الرَّامِي الْبُرَاةِ الطَّوَاهِرِ .
ثُمَّ صَاحَ حَسَّانُ فَاسْتَغَاثَ النَّاسَ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ النَّاسُ فَرَّ صَفْوَانُ ، فَجَاءَ حَسَّانُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَاسْتَعْدَاهُ عَلَى صَفْوَانَ فِي ضَرْبَتِهِ إِيَّاهُ ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ يَهَبَ لَهُ ضَرْبَةَ صَفْوَانَ إِيَّاهُ ، فَوَهَبَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَعَاضَهُ[مِنْهَا] النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - حَائِطًا مِنْ نَخْلٍ عَظِيمٍ وَجَارِيَةً رُومِيَّةً - وَيُقَالُ قِبْطِيَّةً - تُدْعَى سِيرِينَ . فَوَلَدَتْ لِحَسَّانَ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّاعِرَ . قَالَ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ : أَخْبَرَنِي بِذَلِكَ حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : ثُمَّ بَاعَ حَسَّانُ ذَلِكَ الْحَائِطَ مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي وِلَايَتِهِ بِمَالٍ عَظِيمٍ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - : وَبَلَغَنِي - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - أَنَّ الَّذِي قَالَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ : ( وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ ) - أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ أَحَدُ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ .
قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ : فَقِيلَ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْإِفْكِ الْأَشْعَارُ ، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي مِسْطَحٍ فِي رَمْيِهِ عَائِشَةَ ، فَكَانَ يُدْعَى عَوْفًا :
يَا عَوْفُ وَيْحَكَ هَلَّا قُلْتَ عَارِفَةً مِنَ الْكَلَامِ وَلَمْ تَبْغِي بِهِ طَمَعَا
فَأَدْرَكَتْكَ حُمَيَّا مَعْشَرٍ أُنُفٍ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَاطِعًا يَا عَوْفُ مَنْ قَطَعَا
هَلَّا حَرِبْتَ مِنَ الْأَقْوَامِ إِذْ حَسَدُوا فَلَا تَقُولُ وَإِنْ عَادَيْتَهُمْ قَذَعَا
لَمَّا رَمَيْتَ حَصَانًا غَيْرَ مُقْرِفَةٍ أَمِينَةَ الْجَيْبِ لَمْ نَعْلَمْ لَهَا خَضَعَا
فِيمَنْ رَمَاهَا وَكُنْتُمْ مَعْشَرًا أُفُكًا فِي سَيِّئِ الْقَوْلِ مِنْ لَفْظِ الْخَنَا شَرَعَا
فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عُذْرًا فِي بَرَاءَتِهَا وَبَيْنَ عَوْفٍ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ مَا صَنَعَا
فَإِنْ أَعِشْ أَجْزِ عَوْفًا فِي مَقَالَتِهِ سُوءَ الْجَزَاءِ بِمَا أَلْفَيْتُهُ تَبَعَا
.
وَقَالَتْ أُمُّ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ فِي الَّذِينَ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ :
تَشْهَدُ الْأَوْسُ كُلُّهَا وَفَتَاهَا بِحِقْدٍ وَذَلِكَ مُعْلُومُ
نِسَاءُ الْخَزْرَجِيِّينَ يَشْهَدْنَ وَالْخُمَاسِيُّ مِنْ نَسْلِهَا وَالْعَظِيمُ
أَنَّ بِنْتَ الصِّدِّيقِ كَانَتْ حَصَانًا عَفَّةَ الْجَيْبِ دِينُهَا مُسْتَقِيمُ
تَتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِي الْمَغِيبِ عَلَيْهَا نِعْمَةُ اللَّهِ سِرُّهَا مَا يَرِيمُ
خَيْرُ هَدْيِ النِّسَاءِ حَالًا وَنَفْسًا وَأَبًا لِلْعُلَا نَمَاهَا كَرِيمُ
لِلْمَوَالِي إِذَا رَمُوهَا بِإِفْكٍ أَخَذَتْهُمْ مَقَامِعٌ وَجَحِيمُ
لَيْتَ مَنْ كَانَ قَدْ قَفَاهَا بِسُوءٍ فِي حُطَامٍ حَتَّى يَبُولَ اللَّئِيمُ
وَعَوَانٍ مِنَ الْحُرُوبِ تَلَظَّى ثَغْسًا قُوتُهَا عَقَارٌ صَرِيمُ
لَيْتَ سَعْدًا وَمَنْ رَمَاهَا بِسُوءٍ فِي كَظَاظٍ حَتَّى يَتُوبَ الظَّلُومُ
.
وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ وَهُوَ يُبَرِّئُ عَائِشَةَ - رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا - فِيمَا قِيلَ فِيهَا ، وَيَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْهَا :
حَصَانٌ رَزَانٌ مَا تُزَنُّ بِرِيبَةٍ وَتُصْبِحُ غَرْثَى مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَوَافِلِ
خَلِيلَةُ خَيْرِ النَّاسِ دِينًا وَمَنْصِبًا نَبِيِّ الْهُدَى وَالْمَكْرُمَاتِ الْفَوَاضِلِ
عَقِيلَةُ حَيٍّ مِنْ لُؤَيِّ بْنِ غَالِبٍ كِرَامِ الْمَسَاعِي مَجْدُهَا غَيْرُ زَائِلِ
مُهَذَّبَةٌ قَدْ طَيَّبَ اللَّهُ خِيَمَهَا وَطَهَّرَهَا مِنْ كُلٍّ سُوءٍ وَبَاطِلِ
فَإِنْ كَانَ مَا قَدْ جَاءَ عَنِّي قُلْتُهُ فَلَا رَفَعَتْ صَوْتِي إِلَىَّ أَنَامِلِي
وَإِنَّ الَّذِي قَدْ قِيلَ لَيْسَ بِلَائِطٍ بِكِ الدَّهْرَ بَلْ قَوْلُ امْرِئٍ غَيْرِ هَائِلِ
وَكَيْفَ وَوُدِّي مَا حَيِيتُ وَنُصْرَتِي لِآلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ زَيْنِ الْمَحَافِلِ
لَهُ رَتْبٌ عَالٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ فَضْلُهَا تَقَاصَرَ عَنْهَا سَوْرَةُ الْمُتَطَاوِلِ
.
قَالَ أَبُو أُوَيْسٍ : وَحَدَّثَنِي[أَبِي] أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَمَرَ بِالَّذِينِ رَمَوْا عَائِشَةَ ; فَجُلِدُوا الْحَدَّ[جَمِيعًا] ثَمَانِينَ ثَمَانِينَ . وَقَالَ حَسَّانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي الشِّعْرِ حِينَ جُلِدُوا :
لَقَدْ ذَاقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَا كَانَ أَهْلَهُ وَحَمْنَةُ إِذْ قَالُوا هَجِيرًا وَمِسْطَحُ
تَعَاطَوْا بِرَجْمِ الْغَيْبِ زَوْجَ نَبِيِّهِمْ وَسَخْطَةَ ذِي الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ فَأَنْزَحُوا
فَآذَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِيهَا وَعَمَّمُوا مَخَازِيَ سُوءٍ حَلَّلُوهَا وَفُضِّحُوا
.
قُلْتُ : حَدِيثُ الْإِفْكِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ بِاخْتِصَارٍ غَيْرِ هَذَا ، وَبِغَيْرِ سِيَاقِهِ أَيْضًا .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُهُ رِجَالُ الصَّحِيحِ ، إِلَّا أَنَّ بَعْضَ هَذَا يُخَالِفُ مَا فِي الصَّحِيحِ .
Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her), the noble wife of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), narrates: Whenever the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to go on a journey, he would cast lots among his wives, and whichever of them whose lot came out, he would take her with him. Once, on the occasion of the battle with Banu al-Mustaliq, who belong to Khuza'ah, the lot came out in the name of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her). When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was returning from there, he came near Madinah. In those days Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was a girl of young age and light in weight, and she would remain seated behind her screen. When the people were about to set off, she went and performed ablution; when she came back and entered her litter (howdah), it was lifted and placed on top (of the camel). The hypocrites were the first to start talking about this incident, along with some other people who were not hypocrites but who also became participants in the matter of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her). Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: When they had come near Madinah, she once went out to perform ablution, and meanwhile her necklace made of stones fell off. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and the people set off while Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) remained behind searching for the necklace; she did not realise that the people had departed. The people tied her howdah and placed it on the camel, thinking that Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) was inside it as before. When Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) returned to the campsite, she saw no one of the army there, and her eyes closed in sleep. Sayyiduna Safwan bin al-Mu'attal al-Sulami (may Allah be pleased with him), a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), had stayed behind the army that night until morning came. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: When he passed by me and saw me, he recited Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un (We belong to Allah and to Him we return), and when he saw me alone he was greatly astonished. I knew him, and he had known me before the command of hijab was revealed. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: He asked me about my situation. I covered my face from him with my outer sheet and told him about my situation. He brought his camel near and put his hand forward; he had me mount the camel, and I adjusted my clothes. Then he made his camel rise and began to walk, leading me along, until we entered Madinah around midday. There, people talked about me, and the people of the slander (ifk) said about me whatever they had to say. I knew nothing about this; I did not know what people were going about saying concerning me. In those days I fell ill. During that time, the first thing that seemed strange to me regarding the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was that before this, whenever I fell ill, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would visit me, but in those days he did not come to me and did not visit me; it was only that, while passing by, he would ask: "How are you?" He would keep asking the household about me. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) learned that people were talking a great deal about my affair, he became troubled because of it. Before this I had complained to my mother of the aloofness I felt from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). My mother had said to me: "O my daughter! Be patient. By Allah! When a woman is beautiful and her husband loves her and she also has co-wives, they make such accusations." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: On the night after which, in the morning, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) summoned Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) to consult them, I felt the need to go and relieve myself. In those days we did not have toilets in our houses; according to the custom of the Arabs, we would go out beyond the settlement at night to relieve ourselves. I said to Umm Mistah: "Take the vessel, fill it with water, and come with it towards al-Manasi' (that is, the place for relieving oneself)." That woman and her son Mistah were both related to Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him); Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to provide for both of them, and both of them lived with Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). That woman took the vessel and I set out to go towards al-Manasi'. At some point on the way Umm Mistah tripped and said: "May Mistah be ruined!" I said: "You have said something very bad." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: We kept walking; then she tripped again and said: "May Mistah be ruined!" I said to her: "You are saying something bad about a Companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) who had the honour of taking part in the Battle of Badr." She said: "Are you unaware of what is going around among the people about you?" I said: "Yes; what has happened?" She said: "Mistah, and so-and-so, and such-and-such a woman, and those of the hypocrites whom Satan has caused to slip, have all gathered in the house of Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who belongs to Banu al-Harith bin al-Khazraj, and they talk about you and Safwan bin al-Mu'attal, accusing you in connection with him." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: The need I had felt to relieve myself left me, and I came back home from right there. On the morning of the next day, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sent for Sayyiduna Ali bin Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zayd (may Allah be pleased with them both), told them about what was being said about me, and consulted them both about me. Sayyiduna Usamah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "By Allah! O Messenger of Allah, we know of no evil regarding your wife." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) submitted to him: "O Messenger of Allah! Women are many; however, if you want to learn the truth of the matter, consult the slave girl." By this Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) meant Barirah. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Yes, all right; you ask the servant." Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the servant about me, and, praise be to Allah, the servant told him nothing but good. The servant said: "By Allah! I know of no evil regarding Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), except that she is a young girl; dough is kneaded in her house, then the household's tame goat comes and eats that dough." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) heard what Barirah had said to Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), he went out to the people. When the people had gathered around him, he said: "O assembly of Muslims! Who will secure redress for me from the man who has hurt me concerning my wife? I know of no evil regarding my wife, and these people have accused a man from among my Companions about whom I know no evil; whenever I went out (on a journey), he went out with me." The narrator says: At this Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him), who belonged to Banu Abd al-Ashhal, a branch of the Aws tribe, submitted: "O Messenger of Allah! If he is someone from the Aws tribe, we will deal with him on your behalf, and if he is someone from the Khazraj tribe, then give us your command concerning him." At this Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Ubadah al-Khazraji (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said to Sayyiduna Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him): "By Allah! You are wrong; this is false." At this Sayyiduna Usayd bin Hudayr al-Ansari al-Ashhali (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up, and then the two parties began speaking against each other and quarrelling, until the matter between them escalated. (Sayyidah Aishah Siddiqah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates:) The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) came to my house and sent for my parents. When the two of them came to him, after praising and glorifying Allah Almighty as befits Him, he said to me: "O Aishah! You too are one of the daughters of Sayyiduna Adam (peace be upon him). If you have made a mistake, then repent in the presence of Allah Almighty and seek His forgiveness." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I said to my father: "Answer the Messenger of Allah on my behalf." He said to me: "I cannot do that, for he is the Prophet of Allah and revelation comes to him." I said to my mother: "Answer the Messenger of Allah on my behalf," and she said to me the same thing my father had said. Then I said: "By Allah! If I confess something false about myself, you people will consider me truthful, and if I declare myself free of it, and Allah knows that I am free of it, you people will call me a liar. For myself and for you, the only example that comes to my mind is the saying of the father of Sayyiduna Yusuf (peace be upon him), who said: 'So patience is best, and it is Allah whose help is sought against what you describe.'" Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: Because of distress, weeping and grief, I could not remember the name of Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him). Then, at that moment, the state that came over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) at the descent of revelation came over him. When this state passed, he wiped his face with his hand and said: "O Aishah! Glad tidings for you! Allah Almighty has revealed your innocence." Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says: I did not imagine that the Qur'an would be revealed concerning my affair; I hoped that when Allah Almighty willed to make my innocence known, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would see some dream about me, and through that dream Allah Almighty would declare me free of blame. At that time my parents said to me: "Get up and kiss the head of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." I said: "By Allah! I will not do that. I praise Allah Almighty; I do not praise you people." The narrator says: Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) used to provide for Sayyiduna Mistah (may Allah be pleased with him) and his mother. When Mistah accused Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) swore that he would never again spend anything on him. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) recited this verse: "Let them pardon and overlook. Do you not love that Allah Almighty should forgive you?" Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) wept and said: "Yes indeed, O my Lord!" Then he resumed spending on Mistah and his mother. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Sayyiduna Safwan bin al-Mu'attal (may Allah be pleased with him) once lay in wait for Sayyiduna Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) with a sword. He struck Sayyiduna Hassan bin Thabit, and when he struck him, Safwan said to Hassan: "Ward off the edge of the sword from yourself, for I am a person who, when lampooned, is no poet; but I will protect my own and take revenge on behalf of the innocent and chaste from the slanderer and accuser." Hassan cried out and called on the people for help against Safwan. When the people came, Safwan fled. Then Sayyiduna Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and sought redress against Safwan for the blow he had struck Hassan. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) expressed to him the wish that he gift to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) the blow that Safwan had struck him. He gifted that blow to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave him in compensation a large date-palm orchard and a Roman, or perhaps Coptic, slave girl named Sirin. That slave girl later bore Sayyiduna Hassan's (may Allah be pleased with him) son Abd al-Rahman, who became a poet. A narrator named Abu Uways says: Husayn bin Abdullah bin Ubaydullah bin Abbas narrated this to me from Ikrimah, from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Later Sayyiduna Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) sold that orchard to Sayyiduna Mu'awiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) during his caliphate, and he sold it for a great deal of wealth. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: It has reached me, and Allah knows best, that the one about whom Allah Almighty said: "And the one among them who took the greater part of it, for him is a painful punishment" is Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul, who belongs to Banu al-Harith bin al-Khazraj. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates: Some verses of poetry were also composed about those who made the false accusation. Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said this to Mistah because of his accusation against Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her); Mistah was called Awf. (Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed him in these verses:) "O Awf, woe to you! Why did you not say what was known, and you should not have followed greed in it, so that the zeal of an arrogant (or rebellious) group engulfed you? O Awf! The one who violates the rights of kinship would not have been a violator (had he spoken the truth). Why did you not fight those people when they fell into envy, and when you were hostile to them, why did you not speak harshly against them, when you accused a chaste person who is not mentioned with evil, who was trustworthy in her chastity, and we know of no inclination (towards evil) in her? You who falsely accused her, O slanderers! You spoke wrongly, and you will be called to account for it. Then Allah Almighty revealed a vindication (or ruling) of her innocence, so now what (Awf) has done is a matter between Awf and Allah Almighty. If I live, I will repay Awf with an evil recompense for what he said, for I have found him to be a follower (of evil)." Sayyidah Umm Sa'd bin Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with her) composed these verses about the people who accused Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her): "The whole tribe of Aws and its young men bear witness to this, and this is well known; the women of the Khazraj tribe, the five-year-old child of their offspring and the grown person also bear witness that the daughter of Sayyiduna Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) is chaste; her honour is guarded and her religion is upright. When her husband is absent she fears Allah Almighty; the blessing of Allah Almighty is her secret, which will always remain. In state and self, and with regard to her father, her way is the best among women; in attaining nobility her lineage is honourable. For the mawali who falsely accused her there will be maces of iron and Jahim (that is, the fire of Hell). Would that the one who attributed evil to her would go into the fire until that base one melts in it, and that the temporary lull between wars would end, a war whose food is destruction. O Sa'd! Would that the person who attributed evil to her would fall into distress, so that the wrongdoers might (take heed from it and) repent." Sayyiduna Hassan (may Allah be pleased with him) composed these verses about Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), declaring her innocence and offering his apology to her: "She is chaste and dignified; no accusation can be attached to her, and she enters the morning with her stomach empty of the flesh of unaware (innocent) women (that is, she does not backbite). She is the beloved of the one who is the best of all people in religion and rank, the Prophet of guidance, worthy of (every distinction of) honour and excellence. She is a wise lady of the tribe of Lu'ayy bin Ghalib, whose endeavours are noble and whose glory will never fade. She is refined; Allah Almighty has made her nature pure and has kept her pure from every corruption and falsehood. If I were still to say what came from me earlier (through my failing), then may my fingertips, my staff (the correct word is 'sawti', that is, staff), not rise to me. In any case, what was said can never be found in you; rather it is the saying of a person who is not overcome by dread. And how could it be (that I would say such a thing), when my love and my support, as long as I live, are for the family of the Messenger of Allah, (that Messenger) who is the adornment of gatherings? He has a lofty rank over the people; his excellence is such that even the highest leap cannot reach it." Abu Uways narrates: My father told me that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) gave a command regarding those who accused Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), and each of them was given eighty lashes as the prescribed punishment (hadd). When they were flogged, Hassan bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) composed these verses: "Abdullah, Hamnah and Mistah, when they spoke evil, tasted (the punishment) of which they were deserving. Without knowledge they (accused) the wife of their Prophet and set about incurring the displeasure of the Lord of the noble Throne, so they were driven away. In this way they hurt the Messenger of Allah, and thus, bringing about their own disgrace, they were humiliated." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: the hadith of Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) about the incident of the slander is narrated in the Sahih in abridged form, different from this, and this sequence is also not mentioned in it.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except that part of it contradicts what is mentioned in the Sahih.
Al-Tabarani recorded it, and its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, except that part of it contradicts what is mentioned in the Sahih.
