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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب التفسير
Book of Tafsir
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى : مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ .
The saying of Allah the Exalted: "Whoever is an enemy to Jibril"
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 10837
اُردوEn
عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ : حَضَرَتْ عِصَابَةٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - يَوْمًا فَقَالُوا : يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ ، حَدِّثْنَا عَنْ خِلَالٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُنَّ ، لَا يَعْلَمُهُنَّ إِلَّا نَبِيٌّ . قَالَ : " سَلُونِي عَمَّ شِئْتُمْ ، وَلَكِنِ اجْعَلُوا لِي ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ ، وَمَا أَخَذَ يَعْقُوبُ عَلَى بَنِيهِ ، لَئِنْ أَنَا حَدَّثْتُكُمْ شَيْئًا فَعَرَفْتُمُوهُ لَتُبَايِعُنِّي " . قَالُوا : فَذَلِكَ لَكَ .
قَالَ : أَرْبَعُ خِلَالٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهَا : أَخْبِرْنَا أَيَّ طَعَامٍ حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ ؟ وَأَخْبَرْنَا كَيْفَ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاءِ الْمَرْأَةِ ؟ وَكَيْفَ الْأُنْثَى مِنْهُ وَالذَّكَرُ ؟ وَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ هَذَا النَّبِيُّ الْأُمِّيُّ فِي النَّوْمِ ؟ وَمَنْ وَلِيُّهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ؟ .
فَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ : " لَئِنْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ لَتُتَابِعُنِّي " فَأَعْطَوْهُ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ عَهْدٍ وَمِيثَاقٍ ، قَالَ : " فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ إِسْرَائِيلَ مَرِضَ مَرَضًا [شَدِيدًا] فَطَالَ سَقَمُهُ ، فَنَذَرَ نَذْرًا لَئِنْ عَافَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ سَقَمِهِ لِيُحَرِّمَنَّ أَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ ، وَأَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ ، وَكَانَ أَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ لُحْمَانُ الْإِبِلِ ، وَأَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ أَلْبَانُهَا ؟ " فَقَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، فَقَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " .
وَقَالَ : " أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ غَلِيظٌ ، وَأَنَّ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَصْفَرُ رَقِيقٌ ، فَأَيُّهُمَا عَلَا كَانَ الْوَلَدُ وَالشَّبَهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، إِنْ عَلَا مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ كَانَ ذَكَرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، وَإِنْ عَلَا مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ كَانَ أُنْثَى بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ؟ " . قَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " .
قَالَ : " فَأُشْهِدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ هَذَا تَنَامُ عَيْنَاهُ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ ؟ " قَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِمْ " .
قَالُوا : أَنْتَ الْآنَ حَدَّثْتَنَا فَحَدِّثْنَا مَنْ وَلِيُّكَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ، فَعِنْدَهَا نُجَامِعُكَ أَوْ نُفَارِقُكَ . قَالَ : " فَإِنَّ وَلِيِّيَ جِبْرِيلُ ، وَلَمْ يَبْعَثِ اللَّهُ نَبِيًّا قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ " . قَالُوا : فَعِنْدَهَا نُفَارِقُكَ ، لَوْ كَانَ وَلِيُّكَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ سِوَاهُ لَاتَّبَعْنَاكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ ، قَالَ : " فَمَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَنْ تُصَدِّقُوا ؟ " قَالُوا : هُوَ عَدُوُّنَا .
فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْفَاسِقُونَ أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ . فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ بَاؤُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ شَيْخِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
قَالَ : أَرْبَعُ خِلَالٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهَا : أَخْبِرْنَا أَيَّ طَعَامٍ حَرَّمَ إِسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تُنَزَّلَ التَّوْرَاةُ ؟ وَأَخْبَرْنَا كَيْفَ مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ مَاءِ الْمَرْأَةِ ؟ وَكَيْفَ الْأُنْثَى مِنْهُ وَالذَّكَرُ ؟ وَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ هَذَا النَّبِيُّ الْأُمِّيُّ فِي النَّوْمِ ؟ وَمَنْ وَلِيُّهُ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ؟ .
فَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ : " لَئِنْ أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ لَتُتَابِعُنِّي " فَأَعْطَوْهُ مَا شَاءَ مِنْ عَهْدٍ وَمِيثَاقٍ ، قَالَ : " فَأَنْشُدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ إِسْرَائِيلَ مَرِضَ مَرَضًا [شَدِيدًا] فَطَالَ سَقَمُهُ ، فَنَذَرَ نَذْرًا لَئِنْ عَافَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ سَقَمِهِ لِيُحَرِّمَنَّ أَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ ، وَأَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ ، وَكَانَ أَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ إِلَيْهِ لُحْمَانُ الْإِبِلِ ، وَأَحَبَّ الشَّرَابِ إِلَيْهِ أَلْبَانُهَا ؟ " فَقَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، فَقَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " .
وَقَالَ : " أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ مَاءَ الرَّجُلِ غَلِيظٌ ، وَأَنَّ مَاءَ الْمَرْأَةِ أَصْفَرُ رَقِيقٌ ، فَأَيُّهُمَا عَلَا كَانَ الْوَلَدُ وَالشَّبَهُ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، إِنْ عَلَا مَاءُ الرَّجُلِ كَانَ ذَكَرًا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى ، وَإِنْ عَلَا مَاءُ الْمَرْأَةِ كَانَ أُنْثَى بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ؟ " . قَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " .
قَالَ : " فَأُشْهِدُكُمْ بِالَّذِي أَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَلَى مُوسَى ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ هَذَا تَنَامُ عَيْنَاهُ وَلَا يَنَامُ قَلْبُهُ ؟ " قَالُوا : اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ، قَالَ : " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ عَلَيْهِمْ " .
قَالُوا : أَنْتَ الْآنَ حَدَّثْتَنَا فَحَدِّثْنَا مَنْ وَلِيُّكَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ ، فَعِنْدَهَا نُجَامِعُكَ أَوْ نُفَارِقُكَ . قَالَ : " فَإِنَّ وَلِيِّيَ جِبْرِيلُ ، وَلَمْ يَبْعَثِ اللَّهُ نَبِيًّا قَطُّ إِلَّا وَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ " . قَالُوا : فَعِنْدَهَا نُفَارِقُكَ ، لَوْ كَانَ وَلِيُّكَ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ سِوَاهُ لَاتَّبَعْنَاكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ ، قَالَ : " فَمَا يَمْنَعُكُمْ أَنْ تُصَدِّقُوا ؟ " قَالُوا : هُوَ عَدُوُّنَا .
فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ : مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَجِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَالَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَدُوٌّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ وَلَقَدْ أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ آيَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ وَمَا يَكْفُرُ بِهَا إِلَّا الْفَاسِقُونَ أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ . فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ بَاؤُوا بِغَضَبٍ عَلَى غَضَبٍ .
رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ شَيْخِهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates: One day some men of the Jews came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: O Abu al-Qasim! Tell us about some things that we will ask you about, which no one but a prophet can know. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Ask me about whatever you wish, but give me a pledge in the name of Allah, and a pledge in the name of the covenant that Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) took from his sons, that if I tell you those things and you recognise them, you will pledge allegiance to me. They said: Very well.
They said: There are four things we wish to ask you about. Tell us which food it was that Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) made unlawful for himself, and this was before the command of the Torah was revealed. Tell us how the fluid of the man compares with the fluid of the woman, and how from that fluid a female comes about and how a male comes about. And tell us what the state of this unlettered prophet is in sleep, and who among the angels is his companion. The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took a pledge from them in the name of Allah: If I tell you about this, you will pledge allegiance to me. They gave whatever pledge and covenant he wanted. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I adjure you by the One who revealed the Torah to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him): do you know that Israel fell severely ill, and when his illness became prolonged he made a vow that if Allah Almighty granted him relief from this illness, he would make his most beloved drink unlawful for himself and make his most beloved food unlawful for himself? His most beloved food was camel meat and his most beloved drink was camel milk. They said: Allah knows, yes (it is so). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness!
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I ask you, adjuring you by Allah, besides whom there is no god: do you know that the man's fluid is thick and the woman's fluid is yellowish and thin? Whichever of the two prevails, by the permission of Allah Almighty the child follows it and resembles accordingly. If the man's fluid prevails, by Allah's command it is a boy, and if the woman's fluid prevails, by Allah's command it is a girl. The people said: Allah knows, it is so. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness!
Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I ask you, adjuring you by the One who revealed the Torah to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him): do you know that the eyes of the unlettered prophet sleep but his heart does not sleep? They replied: Allah knows, it is so. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness against them! They said: You have now told us this; now tell us who among the angels is your companion. Upon seeing that answer, we will either join you or separate from you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: My companion is Jibril (peace be upon him), and for every prophet whom Allah Almighty has sent, Jibril (peace be upon him) has been his companion. They said: Then we will separate from you, for if someone else among the angels besides him were your companion, we would have followed you and affirmed you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What is preventing you from affirming (me)?
They said: He is our enemy. At that time Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Whoever is an enemy to Jibril, then Jibril brought this (Qur'an) down upon your heart by the command of Allah, confirming what came before it, and (this Qur'an) is guidance and glad tidings for the believers. Whoever is an enemy to Allah Almighty, His angels, His messengers, Jibril and Mika'il, then indeed Allah Almighty is an enemy to the disbelievers. We have sent down to you clear verses, and none disbelieve in them except the defiantly disobedient. Is it not so that whenever they made a covenant, a party of them cast it aside? Rather, most of them do not believe. And when a messenger came to them from Allah confirming what was with them, a party of those who were given the Book cast the Book of Allah behind their backs, as though they had no knowledge."
(The narrator says:) So at that time they returned having drawn upon themselves wrath upon wrath.
Al-Tabarani recorded it from his teacher Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Abi Maryam, who is da'if (weak).
They said: There are four things we wish to ask you about. Tell us which food it was that Sayyiduna Ya'qub (peace be upon him) made unlawful for himself, and this was before the command of the Torah was revealed. Tell us how the fluid of the man compares with the fluid of the woman, and how from that fluid a female comes about and how a male comes about. And tell us what the state of this unlettered prophet is in sleep, and who among the angels is his companion. The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) took a pledge from them in the name of Allah: If I tell you about this, you will pledge allegiance to me. They gave whatever pledge and covenant he wanted. Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I adjure you by the One who revealed the Torah to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him): do you know that Israel fell severely ill, and when his illness became prolonged he made a vow that if Allah Almighty granted him relief from this illness, he would make his most beloved drink unlawful for himself and make his most beloved food unlawful for himself? His most beloved food was camel meat and his most beloved drink was camel milk. They said: Allah knows, yes (it is so). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness!
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I ask you, adjuring you by Allah, besides whom there is no god: do you know that the man's fluid is thick and the woman's fluid is yellowish and thin? Whichever of the two prevails, by the permission of Allah Almighty the child follows it and resembles accordingly. If the man's fluid prevails, by Allah's command it is a boy, and if the woman's fluid prevails, by Allah's command it is a girl. The people said: Allah knows, it is so. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness!
Then the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: I ask you, adjuring you by the One who revealed the Torah to Sayyiduna Musa (peace be upon him): do you know that the eyes of the unlettered prophet sleep but his heart does not sleep? They replied: Allah knows, it is so. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: O Allah, be witness against them! They said: You have now told us this; now tell us who among the angels is your companion. Upon seeing that answer, we will either join you or separate from you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: My companion is Jibril (peace be upon him), and for every prophet whom Allah Almighty has sent, Jibril (peace be upon him) has been his companion. They said: Then we will separate from you, for if someone else among the angels besides him were your companion, we would have followed you and affirmed you. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: What is preventing you from affirming (me)?
They said: He is our enemy. At that time Allah Almighty revealed this verse: "Whoever is an enemy to Jibril, then Jibril brought this (Qur'an) down upon your heart by the command of Allah, confirming what came before it, and (this Qur'an) is guidance and glad tidings for the believers. Whoever is an enemy to Allah Almighty, His angels, His messengers, Jibril and Mika'il, then indeed Allah Almighty is an enemy to the disbelievers. We have sent down to you clear verses, and none disbelieve in them except the defiantly disobedient. Is it not so that whenever they made a covenant, a party of them cast it aside? Rather, most of them do not believe. And when a messenger came to them from Allah confirming what was with them, a party of those who were given the Book cast the Book of Allah behind their backs, as though they had no knowledge."
(The narrator says:) So at that time they returned having drawn upon themselves wrath upon wrath.
Al-Tabarani recorded it from his teacher Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Abi Maryam, who is da'if (weak).
