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مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد
Majma' al-Zawa'id
كتاب المغازي والسير
Book of Military Expeditions and Biography
بَابٌ
Chapter
Majma al-Zawaid — Hadith 10032
اُردوEn
وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ قَالَ : خَرَجْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَشَهِدْتُ مَعَهُ بَدْرًا ، فَالْتَقَى النَّاسُ فَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْعَدُوَّ ، فَانْطَلَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ فِي آثَارِهِمْ يَهْزِمُونَ وَيَقْتُلُونَ ، وَأَكَبَّتْ طَائِفَةٌ عَلَى الْعَسْكَرِ يَحُوزُونَهُ وَيَجْمَعُونَهُ ، وَأَحْدَقَتْ طَائِفَةٌ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - لَا يُصِيبُ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غُرَّةً ، حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ وَفَاءَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ ، قَالَ الَّذِينَ جَمَعُوا الْغَنَائِمَ : نَحْنُ حَوَيْنَاهَا وَجَمَعْنَاهَا ; فَلَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ فِيهَا نَصِيبٌ .
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا فِي طَلَبِ الْعَدُوِّ : لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا ; نَحْنُ نَفَيْنَا عَنْهَا الْعَدُوَّ وَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ .
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا ; نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَخِفْنَا أَنْ يُصِيبَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً ، وَاشْتُغِلْنَا بِهِ .
فَنَزَلَتْ : يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ فَقَسَّمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى فَوَاقٍ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا أَغَارَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ نَفَلَ الرُّبْعَ ، وَإِذَا أَقْبَلَ رَاجِعًا وَكُلُّ النَّاسِ نَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ ، وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْأَنْفَالَ وَيَقُولُ : " لِيَرُدَّ قَوِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ " . قُلْتُ : رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَغَيْرُهُ : كَانَ يَنْفُلُ فِي الْبَدَاءَةِ الرُّبْعَ ، وَفِي الْقُفُولِ الثُّلُثَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُ أَحْمَدَ ثِقَاتٌ .
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ خَرَجُوا فِي طَلَبِ الْعَدُوِّ : لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا ; نَحْنُ نَفَيْنَا عَنْهَا الْعَدُوَّ وَهَزَمْنَاهُمْ .
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ أَحْدَقُوا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - : لَسْتُمْ بِأَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنَّا ; نَحْنُ أَحْدَقْنَا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَخِفْنَا أَنْ يُصِيبَ الْعَدُوُّ مِنْهُ غِرَّةً ، وَاشْتُغِلْنَا بِهِ .
فَنَزَلَتْ : يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ قُلِ الْأَنْفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَالرَّسُولِ فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ فَقَسَّمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَلَى فَوَاقٍ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ .
وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - إِذَا أَغَارَ فِي أَرْضِ الْعَدُوِّ نَفَلَ الرُّبْعَ ، وَإِذَا أَقْبَلَ رَاجِعًا وَكُلُّ النَّاسِ نَفَلَ الثُّلُثَ ، وَكَانَ يَكْرَهُ الْأَنْفَالَ وَيَقُولُ : " لِيَرُدَّ قَوِيُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَى ضَعِيفِهِمْ " . قُلْتُ : رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ ، وَغَيْرُهُ : كَانَ يَنْفُلُ فِي الْبَدَاءَةِ الرُّبْعَ ، وَفِي الْقُفُولِ الثُّلُثَ . رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ ، وَرِجَالُ أَحْمَدَ ثِقَاتٌ .
Sayyiduna Ubadah bin al-Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: I set out with the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and took part with him in Badr. The people met in battle, and Allah Almighty routed the enemy. Some people went after them, driving them back and killing them; some went to their camp and its belongings and began gathering and collecting them; and some came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) so that the enemy would not attack him. When night came and everyone gathered together again, those who had collected the spoils said: "We gathered it and collected it, so no one else has a share in it." Those who had gone after the enemy said: "You have no more right to it than we do, for we drove the enemy away from these belongings and routed them." Those who had been guarding the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You have no more right to it than we do; we were watching over the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), fearing that the enemy might harm him, and we were occupied with that." (The narrator says:) Then this verse was revealed concerning it: "They ask you about the spoils (anfal). Say: The spoils belong to Allah and the Messenger, so fear Allah and set things right between yourselves." So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) distributed that wealth among the Muslims. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) raided the land of the enemy, he would give a quarter of the spoils as an extra award (or bonus), and when he returned from there, he would give a third as an extra award. He disliked (keeping) the spoils and would say: "Let the strong among the believers return it to the weak." (Allamah al-Haythami says:) I say: Al-Tirmidhi and others have reported: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give a quarter as an award at the outset and a third on the return."
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and Ahmad's narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
Ahmad and al-Tabarani recorded it, and Ahmad's narrators are thiqat (trustworthy).
