Source: Fatāwā Rāshidiyyah, Page 64
❖ Question
Respected scholars were asked:
A man named Muḥammad Ibrāhīm passed away, leaving the following heirs:
- One wife: Roshān Begum
- Five sons: Amānullāh, ʿInāyatullāh, Ḥabībullāh, Imdādullāh, Raḥmatullāh
- Six daughters: Ashraf al-Nisāʾ, Irshād Begum, Zarīnah Begum, Shamshād Begum, Mujīdah Begum, Rukhsānah Begum
According to the Sharīʿah of Muḥammad ﷺ, how much will each heir receive?
After this, Raḥmatullāh passed away, leaving:
- Four full sisters
- Two maternal sisters
- Four maternal brothers
- One mother
Later, Amānullāh passed away, leaving:
- One wife
- Six daughters
- Three brothers
- Two full sisters
- Four maternal sisters
❖ Answer
Al-ḥamdu lillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, ammā baʿd!
It must first be remembered:
① From the estate of the deceased, funeral and burial expenses are deducted.
② If there is any debt, it is repaid.
③ If there is a valid bequest, it is fulfilled from up to one-third (⅓) of the estate.
④ The remaining estate, movable or immovable, is divided among the heirs.
First Death: Muḥammad Ibrāhīm
Total Estate = 1 Rupee
- Wife (Roshān Begum): 2 āna
- Sons (each): 1 āna 9 pāī
- Amānullāh = 1 āna 9 pāī
- ʿInāyatullāh = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Ḥabībullāh = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Imdādullāh = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Raḥmatullāh = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Daughters (each): 10½ pāī
- Ashraf al-Nisāʾ = 10½ pāī
- Irshād Begum = 10½ pāī
- Shamshād Begum = 10½ pāī
- Mujīdah Begum = 10½ pāī
- Zarīnah Begum = 10½ pāī
- Rukhsānah Begum = 10½ pāī
Second Death: Raḥmatullāh
Total Estate = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Mother (Roshān Begum): ⅓ pāī
- Four full sisters: 2 āna collectively
- Four maternal brothers: ⅓ pāī collectively
- Two maternal sisters: Excluded
Evidence: The saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ:
((ألحقوا الفرائض بأهلها فما بقى فلأولى رجل ذكر))
“Give the prescribed shares to those entitled to them, and whatever remains goes to the nearest male relative.”
Third Death: Amānullāh
Total Estate = 1 āna 9 pāī
- Wife: 2⅗ pāī
- Six daughters: 2½ pāī each
- Three full brothers: 1 pāī each
- Two full sisters: as per specified shares
- Maternal sisters: Excluded
Fourth Death: Zāhidah Begum
Total Estate = 2⅓ pāī
- Daughter: 7/20 pāī
- Daughter: 7/20 pāī
- Daughter: 7/20 pāī
- Son: 7/10 pāī
- Husband: 7/12 pāī
Conclusion
This is the correct step-by-step distribution according to the Sharīʿah of Muḥammad ﷺ.
ھذا ما عندی واللہ اعلم بالصواب
