الْحَدِيثُ الْأَوَّلُ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ { الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرِقِ رِبًا ، إلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا ، إلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ . وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا ، إلَّا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ } .
Sayyidina Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Selling gold for silver is usury, unless it is hand to hand (then it is permissible). Selling wheat for wheat is usury, unless it is hand to hand, and selling barley for barley is usury, unless it is hand to hand.
Explanation of vocabulary:
هاء وهاء: This means taking possession on the spot: giving one item from one side and receiving the other from the other side, one hand giving and one hand receiving.
Explanation of the hadith:
That is, whenever an item is sold in exchange for an item of the same kind, two matters must be present: first, that the exchange is immediate (on the spot), and second, that the two items are equal in weight.
(275) صحيح البخارى، كتاب البيوع ، باب ما يذكر فى بيع الطعام ، ح: 2134 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة ، باب الصرف وبيع الذهب بالورق نقداً ، ح: 1586
276 – الْحَدِيثُ الثَّانِي: عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: { لَا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ . وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ . وَلَا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إلَّا مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ . وَلَا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ . وَلَا تَبِيعُوا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ } . وَفِي لَفْظٍ { إلَّا يَدًا بِيَدٍ } . وَفِي لَفْظٍ { إلَّا وَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ ، مِثْلًا بِمِثْلٍ سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ } .
Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Do not sell gold for gold except when they are of equal measure (and so permissible), and do not give preference to one over the other. Likewise, do not sell silver for silver except when they are equal, and do not give preference to one over the other, and do not sell what is present for what is absent.
In one narration there are the words “hand to hand.”
And in another narration there are the words: “but they must be equal in weight, of the same kind, and equal in condition and value.”
Explanation of vocabulary:
لا تشقوا: That is, do not give one item an advantage over the other, to make the sale of the other deficient. (Masculine plural, second person, imperative negative, active voice, Form IV.)
Explanation of the hadith:
It has the same meaning as the previous hadith.
(276) صحيح البخاري، كتاب البيوع، باب بيع الفضة بالفضة ، ح: 2177 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة، باب الربا ، ح: 1584
277 – الْحَدِيثُ الثَّالِثُ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ { جَاءَ بِلَالٌ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَمْرٍ بَرْنِيِّ فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ بِلَالٌ : كَانَ عِنْدَنَا تَمْرٌ رَدِيءٌ ، فَبِعْتُ مِنْهُ صَاعَيْنِ ، بِصَاعٍ لِيَطْعَمَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ . فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ: أَوَّهْ ، أَوَّهْ ، عَيْنُ الرِّبَا ، عَيْنُ الرِّبَا ، لَا تَفْعَلْ . وَلَكِنْ إذَا أَرَدْتَ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ فَبِعْ التَّمْرَ بِبَيْعٍ آخَرَ . ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِهِ } .
Sayyidina Abu Sa’id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with Barni dates, and the Prophet ﷺ said to him: Where did you get this from? Bilal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We had inferior dates, so I sold two sa’ of them for one sa’ of these so that the Prophet ﷺ could eat them. At that, the Prophet ﷺ said: Oh! Oh! This is pure usury, this is exactly usury; do not do this. Rather, when you want to buy (good dates), sell (these inferior dates) to someone else, and then (with that money) buy them (that is, the good dates).
Explanation of vocabulary:
برني: This is the best type of date among the dates of Madinah.
ردىء: Inferior, worthless, substandard, poor quality.
أوه أوه: A word used to express disapproval and dislike, like we say “oh, oh” in our language.
(277) صحيح البخاري ، كتاب الوكالة ، باب اذاباع الوكيل شيئًا فاسداً فبيعه مردود ، ح: 2312 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة ، باب بيع الطعام مثلاً بمثل ، ح: 1594
Explanation of the hadith:
In this hadith, selling or buying a superior type of an item for an inferior type of the same item with an excess is usury, and usury is declared to be forbidden.
278 – الْحَدِيثُ الرَّابِعُ: عَنْ أَبِي الْمِنْهَالِ قَالَ { سَأَلْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ وَزَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ ، عَنْ الصَّرْفِ؟ فَكُلُّ وَاحِدٍ يَقُولُ: هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنِّي . وَكِلَاهُمَا يَقُولُ: نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالْوَرِقِ دَيْنًا . }
Abu al-Minhal narrates that I asked al-Bara’ ibn Azib and Zayd ibn Arqam (may Allah be pleased with both of them) about exchange (al-sarf). Each of them said: This person is better than me (ask him). Then both of them said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling gold for silver on credit (that is, deferred).
Explanation of vocabulary:
الصرف: Selling or buying one item in exchange for another item.
Explanation of the hadith:
This narration, in which the ruling on one type of bay’ al-sarf is stated, also contains evidence for the legitimacy of humility and for acknowledging the rights of senior scholars. Therefore, if a questioner asks a scholar a question and another scholar is sitting with him, he may tell the questioner to refer to that other one, saying that this person can explain it better, so ask him. Then, if that other scholar tells the first to answer, or if he does not have knowledge of the matter, the first scholar may answer himself. Similarly, a lesson is also drawn that one may consult another scholar before giving a ruling, so that the answer can be given with confidence, as in the above hadith, when both companions gave the same answer, the questioner was fully satisfied.
(278) صحيح البخارى، كتاب البيوع، باب بيع الورق بالذهب نسيئة ، ح: 2180 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة ، باب النهي عن بيع الورق بالذهب ديناً ، ح: 1589
279 – الْحَدِيثُ الْخَامِسُ: عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ ، وَالذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ ، إلَّا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ ، وَأَمَرَنَا: أَنْ نَشْتَرِيَ الْفِضَّةَ بِالذَّهَبِ ، كَيْفَ شِئْنَا . وَنَشْتَرِيَ الذَّهَبَ بِالْفِضَّةِ كَيْفَ شِئْنَا . قَالَ: فَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَدًا بِيَدٍ؟ فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا سَمِعْتُ } .
Sayyidina Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling silver for silver and gold for gold, except when they are equal (then it is permissible). He ﷺ permitted us to buy silver for gold however we wished, and to buy gold for silver however we wished. A man asked Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him): Hand to hand? He replied: That is how I heard it.
Explanation of vocabulary:
سواء بسواء: That is, the two are equal in kind.
Explanation of the hadith:
Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) says that in this case it is a condition that they be taken into possession in the same session in which the sale takes place.
Narrator of the hadith:
Abu Bakrah (may Allah be pleased with him) whose name is Fasih ibn al-Harith ibn Kaldah. He first resided in Basrah, then moved to Kufah. He embraced Islam at the age of eighteen. He is a narrator of one hundred hadiths. He passed away in Basrah in 50 AH.
(279) صحيح البخاري، كتاب البيوع ، باب بيع الذهب بالورق يدابيد ، ح: 2182 – صحيح مسلم ، كتاب المساقاة، باب النهي عن بيع الورق بالذهب ديناً ، ح: 1590
