Islamic Inheritance Distribution: Wife, Sons, Daughters & Brother

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❖ Distribution of Inheritance According to Islamic Law: Wife, Sons, Daughters, and Brother

(Source: Fatāwā Rāshidiyyah, Page 590)

❖ Question:

A person named Baradi passed away, leaving behind the following heirs:

◈ One Wife
◈ Four Sons
◈ Two Daughters
◈ One Brother

What is the correct Islamic distribution of inheritance among these heirs according to the Sharī‘ah of Muhammad ﷺ?

❖ Shar‘i Answer:

الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام علىٰ رسول الله، أما بعد!

Before distributing the estate in accordance with Islamic inheritance laws, the following preliminary matters must be fulfilled:

✅ Preliminary Obligations Before Distribution:

  1. Funeral Expenses:
    All essential expenses related to burial and shrouding are to be paid from the deceased’s estate.
  2. Debt Repayment:
    Any outstanding debts of the deceased must be paid after funeral expenses.
  3. Execution of Valid Will:
    If the deceased made a Shar‘i-compliant will, it must be executed from one-third (1/3) of the estate.

✅ Distribution of Remaining Estate:

After the above obligations are met, the residual estate (whether movable or immovable) is to be distributed as follows, considering one unit (1 rupee) as the total estate for clarity.

◈ Detailed Distribution (Based on 1 Rupee):

Heir Share in Paisa Explanation
Wife 12 Paisa As children are present, she receives 1/8 of the estate.
4 Sons 68 Paisa (Total) → 17 Paisa per son Sons are ‘Asabah, so they inherit the remaining majority.
2 Daughters 17 Paisa (Total) → 8.5 Paisa per daughter Daughters are also ‘Asabah along with sons, receiving half the share of a son.
Brother 0 Paisa Excluded due to presence of children of the deceased.

◈ Modern Decimal (Percentage) Distribution:

Heir Share (%) Explanation
Wife 12.5% Equivalent to 1/8
4 Sons 70% Each son receives 17.5%
2 Daughters 17.5% Each daughter receives 8.75%
Brother 0% No share due to presence of offspring

❖ Legal Note:

This distribution is valid and correct according to the principles of Islamic Sharī‘ah, as established in reliable fatāwā.

ھٰذا ما عندی، واللہ أعلم بالصواب