Reference: Fatāwā Rāshidiyyah, Page 591
❖ Question
What do the respected scholars say regarding the following case:
A person named Bachal passed away, leaving behind the following heirs:
◄ One son: Ghulam Muhammad
◄ Two daughters: Beeban and Soni
Afterwards, Ghulam Muhammad also passed away.
During his lifetime, Ghulam Muhammad had transferred a piece of land to his son Sulaiman. However, Sulaiman passed away while his father Ghulam Muhammad was still alive. Sulaiman left behind the following heirs:
◄ Parents
◄ Two wives
◄ Four sisters
◄ Two paternal cousins
Later, Ghulam Muhammad passed away. He left behind:
◄ Four daughters: Fatimah, Rahiman, Mehno, Chhani
◄ One wife
◄ Two nephews: Allah Dinu and Khair Muhammad
After this, Ghulam Muhammad’s wife, Musammat Hawa, passed away. She left behind:
◄ Husband
◄ Four daughters
How should the wealth of each deceased be distributed according to Shariah?
❖ Answer
Alḥamdulillāh, waṣ-ṣalātu was-salāmu ʿalā Rasūlillāh, Ammā baʿd!
Before the distribution of inheritance, it is necessary to note:
◄ First, funeral and burial expenses must be paid from the deceased’s wealth.
◄ Then, debts must be cleared.
◄ If a will (waṣiyyah) exists, it will be executed from up to one-third (⅓) of the estate.
◄ Thereafter, the remaining estate — movable and immovable — will be taken as one unit (1 rupee) for calculation and distribution.
① Distribution of Bachal’s Estate
Total Estate: 1 Rupee
Heirs and Shares:
◄ Son Ghulam Muhammad → 8 annas
◄ Daughter Beeban → 4 annas
◄ Daughter Soni → 4 annas
② Distribution of Ghulam Muhammad’s Estate
Total Estate: 8 annas
Heirs and Shares:
◄ Wife → 1 anna
◄ Four daughters (jointly) → 5 annas 4 paisas
◄ Nephew Khair Muhammad → 10 paisas
◄ Nephew Allah Dinu → 10 paisas
③ Distribution of Musammat Hawa’s Estate
Total Estate: 1 Rupee
Heirs and Shares:
◄ Four daughters (jointly) → 10 annas 8 paisas
◄ Husband → 4 annas 4 paisas
④ Note on the Land Gifted to Sulaiman
The land that Ghulam Muhammad had transferred to his son Sulaiman will, after Sulaiman’s death, be distributed among Sulaiman’s heirs.
⑤ Distribution of Sulaiman’s Estate
Total Estate: 1 Rupee
Heirs and Shares:
| Heir | Paisa | Anna |
|---|---|---|
| Father | 08 | 09 |
| Mother | 08 | 02 |
| Two wives (jointly) | 00 | 04 |
| Four sisters | Deprived | Deprived |
| Two cousins | Deprived | Deprived |
⑥ Decimal Percentage Distribution
Deceased: Bachal (Total = 100%)
◄ Ghulam Muhammad (son, residuary) → 50%
◄ Beeban and Soni (two daughters, residuary) → 50% (25% each)
Deceased: Ghulam Muhammad (Total = 50%)
◄ Four daughters → ⅔ = 33.333% (each 8.333%)
◄ Two nephews (residuary) → 16.667% (each 8.333%)
Deceased: Hawa (Total = 100%)
◄ Husband → ¼ = 25%
◄ Four daughters → ¾ = 75% (each 18.75%)
ھذا ما عندی واللہ أعلم بالصواب
