السنن المأثورة
Sunan al-Shafi'i
باب في البيوعChapter. On transactions (buying and selling).
باب في البيوع
Chapter. On transactions (buying and selling).
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Hadith 185
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave and the slave has some property, then the property belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates that the property will be his."
Hadith 186
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلا بَعْدَ أَنْ تُؤَبَّرَ فَثَمَرُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ إِلا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells date-palm trees after they have been pollinated, the fruit belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates otherwise."
Hadith 187
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " مَنْ بَاعَ نَخْلا وَقَدْ أُبِّرَتْ فَثَمَرَتُهَا لِلْبَائِعِ إِلا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever sells a date-palm after it has been pollinated, its fruit will belong to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates (that the fruit will be his)."
Hadith 188
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاحُهُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the buying and selling of fruit before its ripeness becomes apparent.
Hadith 189
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ ، يَقُولُ : " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاحُهُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sale of fruits until their ripeness becomes apparent.
Hadith 190
وَأَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ , عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سُرَاقَةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تَذْهَبَ الْعَاهَةُ " . قَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سُرَاقَةَ : فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ : مَتَى يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ : طُلُوعَ الثُّرَيَّا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the sale of fruits until the danger of disease had passed. The narrator, Uthman, says: I asked Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), "At what time is the disease considered to have passed?" So Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) replied: "When the star Thurayya rises."
Hadith 191
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، " أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ صَلاحُهَا ، نَهَى الْبَائِعَ وَالْمُشْتَرِي " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sale of fruits until their ripeness becomes apparent; he forbade both the seller and the buyer.
Hadith 192
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثِّمَارِ حَتَّى تُزْهِيَ فَقِيلَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَمَا تُزْهِي ؟ قَالَ : " حَتَّى تَحْمَرَّ " ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَنَعَ اللَّهُ الثَّمَرَ فِيمَ يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مَالَ أَخِيهِ ؟ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruit on the tree before it ripens. He (peace be upon him) was asked, "What do you mean by 'tazhu'?" He (peace be upon him) replied: "Until it becomes red." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "What do you think, if a calamity befalls the fruit, then for what will he take money from his Muslim brother?"
Hadith 193
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الطَّوِيلِ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَرِ النَّخْلِ أَنْ يُبَاعَ حَتَّى تُزْهَى ، قَالَ : وَمَا تُزْهَى يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ : " حَتَّى يَحْمَرَّ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling the fruit of the date-palm before it ripens. Ripening means the appearance of redness.
Hadith 194
وَأَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ ، قَالَ : بِعْتُ مَا فِي رُءُوسِ نَخْلِي بِمِائَةِ وَسْقٍ إِنْ زَادَ فَلَهُمْ وَإِنْ نَقَصَ فَعَلَيْهِمْ فَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ : نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرَةِ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلا أَنَّهُ قَدْ رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا " .
Ismail Shaybani says that I asked Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), "If I sell the fruit on the date palm for one hundred wasqs, so that if the fruit on the date palm turns out to be more than one hundred wasqs, it is yours, and if it is less, you are still responsible (is such a transaction permissible)?" Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) replied that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling fruit for fruit, except he permitted the sale known as 'ariyah.'
Hadith 195
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، عَنْ سَالِمٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ .
Narrated by Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling fruit in exchange for fruit.
Hadith 196
قَالَ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَحَدَّثَنَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ ، " أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا .
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) narrates that Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) informed us that the Prophet (ﷺ) permitted the sale of 'Ariya.
Hadith 197
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، قَالَ : " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي الْعَرَايَا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the sale of Muzabana. Muzabana is the sale of fruit in exchange for fruit. However, he permitted the sale of 'Ariya.
Hadith 198
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ بُشَيْرِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ، " أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ إِلا أَنَّهُ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ تُبَاعَ بِخَرْصِهَا مِنَ التَّمْرِ يَأْكُلُهَا أَهْلُهَا رُطَبًا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sahl bin Abi Hathmah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the sale of fruit for fruit except in the case of ‘Ariyyah sale. ‘Ariyyah sale is that the fruit on the date palm is estimated and taken in exchange for dry dates as fresh dates for the family to eat.
Hadith 199
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ، " أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَرْخَصَ لِصَاحِبِ الْعَرِيَّةِ أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا بِخَرْصِهَا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Zaid bin Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted the one who sells ‘ariyyah to sell it by estimation.
Hadith 200
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ، مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ , عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، " أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَخَّصَ فِي بَيْعِ الْعَرَايَا فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ أَوْ فِي خَمْسَةِ أَوْسُقٍ " . شَكَّ دَاوُدُ قَالَ : خَمْسَةٌ ، أَوْ دُونَ خَمْسَةٍ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) permitted the sale of ‘Araya up to five wasqs. The narrator Dawood was uncertain whether it was five wasqs or less than five wasqs, meaning permission was given up to five wasqs or less than five wasqs.
Hadith 201
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ الأَعْرَجِ ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَتِيقٍ ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ، " أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ السِّنِينَ وَأَمَرَ بِوَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir bin Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with them both) that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) forbade selling the fruits of trees for multiple years and ordered that (the amount) be remitted in case of loss due to calamities.
Hadith 202
أَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِمِثْلِهِ . قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : قَدْ كَانَ سُفْيَانُ يُحَدِّثُ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ لا يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ وَضْعَ الْجَوَائِحِ وَقَالَ : إِنِّي لَمْ أَذْكُرْ : وَضْعَ الْجَوَائِحِ ؛ لأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَلَكِنْ كَانَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ كَلامٌ قَبْلَ وَضْعِ الْجَوَائِحِ لَمْ أَحْفَظْهُ ؛ فَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ أَكُنْ أَذْكُرُهُ .
Imam Shafi'i narrated from Sufyan, who narrated from Abu Zubair, who narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), from the Prophet ﷺ, a narration similar to the previous hadith.
Hadith 203
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ ، عَنْ سَعْدٍ ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ ، تَبَايَعَا بِسُلْتٍ وَشَعِيرٍ ، فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ : تَبَايَعَ رَجُلانِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِتَمْرٍ وَرُطَبٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيَنْقُصُ الرُّطَبُ إِذَا يَبِسَ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، فَنَهَى عَنْهُ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) that he was asked about two men exchanging silt and barley with each other. Sayyiduna Sa'd (may Allah be pleased with him) said that in the time of the Noble Prophet ﷺ, two men exchanged dry and fresh dates with each other, upon which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ inquired, "Does fresh date lose weight when it dries?" The companions replied, "Yes," so then he forbade them from such a sale.
Hadith 204
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ بْنِ سُهَيْلٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَوْ هُمَا أَوْ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا عَنِ الآخَرِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَعْمَلَ رَجُلا عَلَى خَيْبَرَ فَجَاءَهُ بِتَمْرٍ جَنِيبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَكَلُّ تَمْرِ خَيْبَرَ هَكَذَا ؟ " قَالَ : لا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا لَنَأْخُذُ الصَّاعَ بِالصَّاعَيْنِ ، وَالصَّاعَيْنِ بِالثَّلاثَةِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " فَلا تَفْعَلْ بِعِ الْجَمْعَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ جَنِيبًا .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed a tax collector at Khaybar who brought very fine dates as revenue. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Are all the dates of Khaybar like this?" He replied: "No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah! We give two sa’ of inferior dates and take one sa’ of these fine dates, and we give three sa’ and take two sa’." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not do so. Sell all your dates for dirhams, then buy the fine dates separately with the dirhams."
Hadith 205
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، مَوْلَى الأَسْوَدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنَّ زَيْدًا أَبَا عَيَّاشٍ ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ ، سَأَلَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بِالسُّلْتِ ، فَقَالَ : أَيَّتُهُمَا أَفْضَلُ ؟ فَقَالُوا : الْبَيْضَاءُ فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ ، فَقَالَ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُسْأَلُ عَنْ شِرَاءِ التَّمْرِ بِالرُّطَبِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَيَنْقُصُ إِذَا يَبِسَ ؟ " فَقَالُوا : نَعَمْ ، فَنَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ .
Abu Ayash Yazid (may Allah be pleased with him) asked Sayyiduna Sa’d bin Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) about selling grain called Bayda’ for grain called Salt. Sayyiduna Sa’d (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: “Which of the two grains is superior?” The students replied: “Bayda’.” So he forbade it and said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), he was asked whether dry dates could be bought in exchange for fresh dates. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘Will the fresh dates decrease in weight when they become dry?’ The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) replied: ‘Yes.’ So he (ﷺ) forbade that sale.”
Hadith 206
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ ، قَالَ : " نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الْمُحَاقَلَةِ ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ " . وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ الرَّجُلُ الزَّرْعَ بِمِائَةِ فَرَقِ حِنْطَةٍ . وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ التَّمْرَ فِي رُءُوسِ النَّخْلِ بِمِائَةِ فَرَقِ تَمْرٍ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade the transactions of Muhaqala and Muzabana. Muhaqala refers to selling a crop growing in the field in exchange for a specified amount of dry grain, and Muzabana refers to selling fruit on the tree in exchange for a specified amount of dry fruit.
Hadith 207
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ، " أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ ، وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلا وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade Muzabana. Muzabana is that dates on the tree are sold by measure in exchange for dried dates, and similarly, grapes on the vine are sold in exchange for raisins.
Hadith 208
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " نَهَى عَنِ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ " . وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ ، وَالْمُحَاقَلَةُ اشْتِرَاءُ الزَّرْعِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ وَاسْتِكْرَاءُ الأَرْضِ بِالْحِنْطَةِ .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade muzabanah and muhaqalah. Muzabanah means exchanging dried dates for dates still on the tree, and muhaqalah means buying a standing crop in exchange for grain, and he also forbade leasing land in exchange for grain.
Hadith 209
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي يَزِيدَ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ، يَقُولُ : أَخْبَرَنِي أُسَامَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " إِنَّمَا الرِّبَا فِي النَّسِيئَةِ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Usamah bin Zaid (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Riba (usury) is only in deferred payment."
Hadith 210
عَنْ سُفْيَانَ ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ ، سَمِعَ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ ، يَقُولُ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ : " الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرِقِ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ ، وَهَاءَ ، وَالْبُرِّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ , وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that he heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: "The exchange of gold for silver is usury, except when it is hand to hand, one hand giving and one hand taking. And if wheat is exchanged for wheat on credit, it is usury; and the exchange of barley for barley on credit is usury."
Hadith 211
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ , عَنْ خَالِهِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، كَانَ يَرْزُقُهُمْ طَعَامًا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَيَسْتَطِيبُونَ فَيَأْخُذُونَ صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَلَمْ يَبْلُغْنِي مَا تَصْنَعُونَ ؟ ! " قَالَ : قُلْنَا : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّكَ تَرْزُقُنَا طَعَامًا فِيهِ شَيْءٌ فَنَسْتَطِيبُ فَنَأْخُذُ صَاعًا بِصَاعَيْنِ ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " دِينَارٌ بِدِينَارٍ وَدِرْهَمٌ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَصَاعُ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعِ تَمْرٍ وَصَاعُ شَعِيرٍ بِصَاعِ شَعِيرٍ لا فَضْلَ بَيْنَ شَيْءٍ مِنْ ذَلِكَ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to give them dates to eat which were of inferior quality (because only those were available). So the noble Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) would exchange two sa' of those for one sa' of good quality dates. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned about our transaction, he asked us: "Is it so?" We said: "The high-quality dates from your share did not reach us, so we made a deal to give two sa' and take one sa'." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) then said: "A dinar is only to be exchanged for a dinar, and a dirham only for a dirham, and a sa' of dates only for a sa' of dates, and a sa' of barley only for a sa' of barley (in terms of weight); there is no superiority between them."
Hadith 212
عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ أَبِي تَمِيمٍ , عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ لا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "One dinar is equal to one dinar, and one dirham is equal to one dirham; there is no superiority among them."
Hadith 213
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ : كُنْتُ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَجَاءَهُ صَائِغٌ ، فَقَالَ : يَا عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ إِنِّي أَصُوغُ الذَّهَبَ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُ الشَّيْءَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهِ فَأَسْتَفْضِلُ فِي ذَلِكَ قَدْرَ عَمَلِ يَدِي . فَنَهَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَجَعَلَ الصَّائِغُ يُرَدِّدُ عَلَيْهِ الْمَسْأَلَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَنْهَاهُ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ أَوْ إِلَى دَابَّتِهِ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَهَا ، ثُمَّ قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ : " الدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ لا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا هَذَا عَهْدُ نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْنَا وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ " . حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : هَذَا خَطَأٌ .
Mujahid narrates that I was with Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them). A goldsmith came to him and said, "O Abu Abdur Rahman! I make jewelry, so I deduct my wages from it (thus its weight becomes less due to the deduction), then I sell it for more than its weight." Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) forbade him from this action. The goldsmith kept asking the same question repeatedly, and Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) kept forbidding him, until they reached the door of the mosque or to the place to mount the ride. Then Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "In the exchange of dinar for dinar and dirham for dirham, any increase between them is not permissible. This is an emphasis from our Prophet (ﷺ) to us, and we are emphasizing it to you."
Hadith 214
أَنْبَأَنَا سُفْيَانُ ، عَنْ وَرْدَانَ الرُّومِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فَقَالَ : إِنِّي رَجُلٌ أَصُوغُ الْحُلِيَّ ثُمَّ أَبِيعُهُ فَأَسْتَفْضِلُ قَدْرَ أُجْرَتِي أَوْ عَمَلَ يَدِي ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ : الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ لا فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا هَذَا عَهْدُ صَاحِبِنَا إِلَيْنَا وَعَهْدُنَا إِلَيْكُمْ " . حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ قَالَ : سَمِعْتُ الْمُزَنِيَّ يَقُولُ : قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ : يَعْنِي صَاحِبَنَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ .
It is narrated from Wardan the Roman that he asked Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "I am a goldsmith. I make jewelry and sell it. I deduct my wage from the gold itself" (i.e., whatever the original weight of the gold was, I sell it for the same amount, I do not take a separate wage; for example, if I made jewelry from one dinar of gold, I deducted my wage from that gold and then sold the dinar further). So Sayyiduna Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "If the transaction of gold (jewelry) is with gold (dinar), then any increase or decrease is not permissible."
Hadith 215
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكٌ ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، أَنَّ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ بَاعَ سِقَايَةً مِنْ ذَهَبَ أَوْ وَرِقٍ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ وَزْنِهَا ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ : سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ مِثْلِ هَذَا إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ . فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ : مَا أَرَى بِهَذَا بَأْسًا . فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ : مَنْ يَعْذِرُنِي مِنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ ؟ أُخْبِرُهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَيُخْبِرُنِي عَنْ رَأْيِهِ ! لا أُسَاكِنُكَ بِأَرْضٍ أَنْتَ فِيهَا ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لَهُ ، فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ : " أَنْ لا تَبِيعَ ذَلِكَ إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ وَوَزْنًا بِوَزْنٍ " .
It is narrated from Ata bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him) that Sayyiduna Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) bought a vessel of gold or silver in exchange for more gold or silver than its weight. Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said to him: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbidding such a transaction, except when the weights of both are equal. Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I do not see any harm in this (because it is for extra workmanship). (According to some versions) Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Who will deal with Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding my matter? I am narrating a hadith and he is giving his own opinion. Then Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I cannot reside in a land where you are. Then Sayyiduna Abu Darda (may Allah be pleased with him) went to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) and complained that the hadith was not being acted upon there. So Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) wrote an order to Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) stating: "The buying and selling of gold and silver should be weight for weight and like for like (i.e., when both are of the same kind, the weights should be equal and the transaction should be in cash)."
Hadith 216
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " لا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ وَلا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَلا تَبِيعُوا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ ، وَلا تُشِفُّوا بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ ، وَلا تَبِيعُوا شَيْئًا مِنْهَا غَائِبًا بِنَاجِزٍ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Do not sell gold for gold unless both are equal; do not allow any deficiency or excess on either side. And do not sell silver for silver unless both are equal; do not allow any deficiency or excess on either side. And do not sell deferred payment for immediate payment."
Hadith 217
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ النَّصْرِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ : أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ الْتَمَسَ ، صَرْفًا بِمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ فَدَعَانِي طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَتَرَاوَضْنَا حَتَّى اصْطَرَفَ مِنِّي وَأَخَذَ الذَّهَبَ يُقَلِّبُهَا فِي يَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ خَازِنِي مِنَ الْغَابَةِ أَوْ تَأْتِيَ خَازِنَتِي شَكَّ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ يَسْمَعُ ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : وَاللَّهِ لا تُفَارِقْهُ حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ مِنْهُ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " الذَّهَبُ بِالْوَرِقِ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ ، وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ ، وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ ، رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ ، وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلا هَاءَ وَهَاءَ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Malik bin Aws (may Allah be pleased with him) that he needed change for one hundred dinars. Sayyiduna Talha bin Ubaidullah (may Allah be pleased with him) called him, and the transaction was settled. He took the dinars in his hand and began to turn them over, saying, "Let me send my servant or treasurer to bring (the change) from Ghaba." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) was listening to this conversation. He (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "By Allah, do not separate from Sayyiduna Talha (may Allah be pleased with him) until you take the dinars from him, because the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If gold is exchanged for silver and it is not hand to hand, then it is usury. If wheat is exchanged for wheat and it is not hand to hand, then it is usury. If dates are exchanged for dates and it is not hand to hand, then it is usury. If barley is exchanged for barley and it is not hand to hand, then it is usury.'"
Hadith 218
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيُّ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ ، عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، وَرَجُلٍ آَخَرُ , عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " لا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَلا الْوَرِقَ بِالْوَرِقِ وَلا الْبُرَّ بِالْبُرِّ وَلا الشَّعِيرَ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَلا التَّمْرَ بِالتَّمْرِ وَلا الْمِلْحَ بِالْمِلْحِ إِلا سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ وَلَكِنْ بِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالْوَرِقِ وَالْوَرِقَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالشَّعِيرَ بِالْبُرِّ وَالتَّمْرَ بِالْمِلْحِ وَالْمِلْحَ بِالتَّمْرِ يَدًا بِيَدٍ كَيْفَ شِئْتُمْ " . قَالَ وَنَقَصَ أَحَدُهُمَا التَّمْرَ أَوِ الْمِلْحَ وَزَادَ الآخَرُ : " مَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ubadah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Do not sell gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, or salt for salt except in equal amounts, hand to hand. But if it is gold for silver, silver for gold, wheat for barley, barley for wheat, dates for salt, or salt for dates, then sell as you wish (equality in weight is not necessary), but it must be hand to hand. If the commodity is the same, then any increase or decrease is riba (usury)."
Hadith 219
عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ الثَّقَفِيِّ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ، قَالَ : أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلٌ بِصَاعٍ مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، فَقَالَ : " مِنْ أَيْنَ لَكَ هَذَا ؟ " فَقَالَ : أُعْطِيتُ صَاعَيْنِ وَأَخَذْتُ صَاعًا مِنْ هَذَا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَرْبَيْتَ ، وَلَكِنْ بِعْ تَمْرَكَ بِسِلْعَةٍ ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِهَا " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) that dates were brought to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace be upon him) said: "Are these not from among our dates?" Upon this, a man said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), we gave two sa' of our own dates in exchange for one sa' of these." He (peace be upon him) said: "This is usury. Return it, then sell your own dates for a price, and then with that price, buy these dates separately for us."
Hadith 220
عَنْ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ ، عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي هِنْدَ ، عَنْ أَبِي نَضْرَةَ ، قَالَ : بَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ ، عِنْدَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ إِذْ غَمَزَنِي رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِي ، فَقَالَ : سَلْهُ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ بِفَضْلٍ ، فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّ هَذَا يَأْمُرُنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَكَ عَنِ الْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ ، فَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ : هُوَ رِبًا ، فَقَالَ : سَلْهُ بِرَأْيِهِ يَقُولُ أَمْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ : إِنَّ هَذَا يَقُولُ : سَلْهُ بِرَأْيِهِ يَقُولُ أَمْ سَمِعَهُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ؟ فَقَالَ : شَهِدْتُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَا أُحَدِّثُكُمْ : جَاءَهُ صَاحِبُ نَخْلَةٍ بِصَاعِ تَمْرٍ طَيِّبٍ ، فَقَالَ لَهُ : " كَأَنَّ هَذَا أَجْوَدُ مِنْ تَمْرِنَا " فَقَالَ : إِنِّي أَعْطَيْتُ صَاعَيْنِ مِنْ تَمْرِنَا وَأَخَذْتُ صَاعًا مِنْ هَذَا التَّمْرِ ، فَقَالَ : " أَرْبَيْتَ ؟ " فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ سِعْرَ هَذَا فِي السُّوقِ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَسِعْرُ هَذَا فِي السُّوقِ كَذَا وَكَذَا ، قَالَ : " فَبِعْهُ بِسِلْعَةٍ ، ثُمَّ اشْتَرِ بِسِلْعَتِكَ أَيَّ تَمْرٍ شِئْتَ " . قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ : التَّمْرُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا أَمِ الْفِضَّةُ .
It is narrated from Abu Nadrah (may Allah have mercy on him) that I was sitting with Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) when a man pressed me from behind and said, "Ask Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) whether it is permissible to trade silver for silver with an increase or decrease (in amount)?" I said to Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him), "This man is telling me to ask you about the issue of trading silver for silver." Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "That is usury (riba)." The man said, "Now ask, is this your personal opinion or did you hear it from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" I said to Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him), "He is asking whether this is your own view or a hadith of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)?" Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "I have narrated what I witnessed in the gathering of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him): A man who had dates brought one sa' of good quality dates, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, 'These seem to be of better quality than our dates.' The man said, 'I exchanged two sa' of my dates for one sa' of these.' The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, 'You have engaged in a usurious transaction.' The man said, 'O Messenger of Allah, the price of these in the market is such and such, and the market rate of our dates is such and such.' The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, 'Sell your dates for a price, then buy the ones you like with that price.' Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id (may Allah be pleased with him) said, 'If there is usury in dates, then why would there not be usury in silver?'"
Hadith 221
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ ، عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلابَةَ , عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ ، أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ أُنَاسٌ فِي إِمَارَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَبِيعُونَ آنِيَةَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ إِلَى الْعَطَا ، فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ، فَقَالَ : " إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ الذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ ، وَالْفِضَّةِ بِالْفِضَّةِ ، وَالْبُرِّ بِالْبُرِّ ، وَالتَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ ، وَالشَّعِيرِ بِالشَّعِيرِ ، وَالْمِلْحِ بِالْمِلْحِ ، إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ ، فَمَنْ زَادَ أَوِ ازْدَادَ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى " .
It is narrated from Abu Ash'ath San'ani (may Allah have mercy on him) that during the rule of our master Amir Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him), some people came to the markets who were selling gold vessels and necklaces, etc. Then our master Ubadah bin Samit (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, dates for dates, barley for barley, and salt for salt except when both sides are equal and of the same weight. Whoever gives more or takes more has engaged in usury.
Hadith 222
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ ، عَنْ أَبِي قِلابَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي الأَشْعَثِ ، قَالَ : كُنَّا فِي غَزَاةٍ عَلَيْنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ فَأَصَبْنَا ذَهَبًا وَفِضَّةً فَأَمَرَ مُعَاوِيَةُ رَجُلا أَنْ يَبِيعَهَا النَّاسَ فِي أُعْطِيَاتِهِمْ قَالَ : فَسَارَعَ النَّاسُ فِيهَا فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ فَنَهَاهُمْ فَرَدُّوهَا فَأَتَى الرَّجُلُ مُعَاوِيَةَ فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ فَقَامَ مُعَاوِيَةُ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ : مَا بَالُ رِجَالٍ يُحَدِّثُونَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَحَادِيثَ يَكْذِبُونَ فِيهَا عَلَيْهِ لَمْ نَسْمَعْهَا ، فَقَامَ عُبَادَةُ ، فَقَالَ : وَاللَّهِ لَنُحَدِّثَنَّ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَإِنْ كَرِهَ مُعَاوِيَةُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " لا تَبِيعُوا الذَّهَبَ بِالذَّهَبِ وَلا الْفِضَّةَ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَلا الْبُرَّ بِالْبُرِّ وَلا الشَّعِيرَ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَلا التَّمْرَ بِالتَّمْرِ وَلا الْمِلْحَ بِالْمِلْحِ إِلا مِثْلا بِمِثْلٍ سَوَاءً بِسَوَاءٍ يَدًا بِيَدٍ عَيْنًا بِعَيْنٍ " .
It is narrated from Abu Ash'ath (may Allah have mercy on him) that we fought a battle under the leadership of Sayyiduna Amir Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him). We obtained gold and silver as spoils of war, so Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered a man to sell this booty in exchange for the grants (salaries) that people were to receive (i.e., the price would be collected when the grants were distributed). People hurried to buy, but Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up and forbade the people, so they returned the gold and silver to the representative of Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him). He went and complained to Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him). Sayyiduna Muawiyah (may Allah be pleased with him) addressed the people and said: "What has happened to the people that they narrate the ahadith of the Messenger and attribute such things to him (we too are companions, may Allah be pleased with them all)? We did not hear such from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Sayyiduna Ubadah (may Allah be pleased with him) stood up again and said: "By Allah, we will certainly narrate the ahadith that we heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), even if Muawiyah dislikes it. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'Do not sell gold for gold, silver for silver, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, dates for dates, or salt for salt except equal for equal, alike for alike, and hand to hand (immediate exchange).'"
Hadith 223
أَنْبَأَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلا يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَهُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade selling grain before taking full possession of it.
Hadith 224
عَنْ مَالِكٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " مَنِ ابْتَاعَ طَعَامًا فَلا يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ " .
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever buys a food commodity should not sell it before taking possession of it."
