Toggle above to switch between keyword search and direct hadith lookup
السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب آداب القاضي
Book of the Etiquette of the Judge
باب: ما يقضي به القاضي ويفتي به المفتي، فإنه غيرجائز له أن يقلد أحدا من أهل دهره، ولا أن يحكم أو يفتي بالاستحسان
Chapter: What the judge rules by and the mufti gives fatwa by; it is not permissible for him to follow anyone of his time blindly, nor to rule or give fatwa by istihsan
Bayhaqi 20335 — What the judge rules by and the mufti gives fatwa
قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: " {فَإِنْ تَنَازَعْتُمْ فِي شَيْءٍ} [النساء: 59] يَعْنِي - وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ: هُمْ وَأُمَرَاؤُهُمُ الَّذِينَ أُمِرُوا بِطَاعَتِهِمْ، {فَرُدُّوهُ إِلَى اللهِ وَالرَّسُولِ} [النساء: 59] يَعْنِي - وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ: إِلَى مَا قَالَ اللهُ وَالرَّسُولُ "، وَقَالَ {أَيَحْسَبُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنْ يُتْرَكَ سُدًى} [القيامة: 36] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَلَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ فِيمَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ السُّدَى: الَّذِي لَا يُؤْمَرُ وَلَا يُنْهَى، وَمَنْ أَفْتَى أَوْ حَكَمَ بِمَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ بِهِ، فَقَدْ أَجَازَ لِنَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِي مَعَانِي السُّدَى، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: " وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ فِي تَفْسِيرِ الْآيَتَيْنِ بِنَحْوِ مَا قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "'And if you disagree over anything' [Surah al-Nisa: 59] means, and Allah knows best: they and their rulers whom they have been commanded to obey. 'Refer it to Allah and the Messenger' [Surah al-Nisa: 59] means, and Allah knows best: to what Allah and the Messenger have said."
And Allah Almighty said: "Does man think that he will be left neglected (sudan)?" [Surah al-Qiyamah: 36]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "To my knowledge, the scholars of the Qur'an do not differ that 'sudan' is the one who is neither commanded nor forbidden anything. And whoever gives a fatwa or a judgement on something he was not commanded to, has permitted himself to fall within the meaning of 'sudan' (one left neglected)."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And it has been narrated to us from Imam Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him), in the interpretation of these two verses, something similar to what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said."
And Allah Almighty said: "Does man think that he will be left neglected (sudan)?" [Surah al-Qiyamah: 36]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "To my knowledge, the scholars of the Qur'an do not differ that 'sudan' is the one who is neither commanded nor forbidden anything. And whoever gives a fatwa or a judgement on something he was not commanded to, has permitted himself to fall within the meaning of 'sudan' (one left neglected)."
The Shaykh (Imam al-Bayhaqi) (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "And it has been narrated to us from Imam Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him), in the interpretation of these two verses, something similar to what Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ جَنَاحُ بْنُ نُذَيْرِ بْنِ جَنَاحٍ الْقَاضِي بِالْكُوفَةِ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، ثنا جَعْفَرٌ يَعْنِي: ابْنَ عَوْنٍ، وَيَعْلَى: يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُبَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ حَيَّانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ زَيْدَ بْنَ أَرْقَمَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَامَ فِينَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَطِيبًا، فَحَمِدَ اللهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " أَمَّا بَعْدُ، أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ، يُوشِكُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ رَسُولُ رَبِّي فَأُجِيبَهُ، وَإِنِّي تَارِكٌ فِيكُمُ الثَّقَلَيْنِ، أَوَّلُهُمَا كِتَابُ اللهِ، فِيهِ الْهُدَى وَالنُّورُ، فَاسْتَمْسِكُوا بِكِتَابِ اللهِ، وَخُذُوا بِهِ " فَحَثَّ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللهِ، وَرَغَّبَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " وَأَهْلُ بَيْتِي، أُذَكِّرُكُمُ اللهَ تَعَالَى فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِي "، ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ. أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيِّ.
Yazid bin Hayyan said: I heard Sayyiduna Zayd bin Arqam (may Allah be pleased with him) say: One day the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) stood among us delivering a sermon. After praising and extolling Allah, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O people, I am only a human being. Soon the messenger of my Lord will come and I will respond to him (meaning death). I am leaving among you two things: the first is the Book of Allah, in which there is guidance and light. So hold fast to the Book of Allah." Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) urged (adherence to) the Book of Allah and encouraged it. Then he said: "The second is my household; I exhort you regarding my household," three times.
