Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Amr (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: A Bedouin came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked: What are the major sins? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Associating partners with Allah." He asked: Then what? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Disobedience to parents." He asked: Then which? He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The false oath." The narrator says: I said to Amir: What is the false oath? He said: Seizing a Muslim's wealth by means of a false oath.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19868
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is nothing for which Allah grants reward more quickly than maintaining ties of kinship; and transgression and severing ties of kinship bring punishment most quickly; and the false oath leaves homes desolate."
This hadith is well known as mursal.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19870
Yahya bin Abi Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Whoever has three things in him will see their evil consequence before his death. He mentioned them, and at the end of them he said: And the false oath leaves homes desolate.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19871
Makhul (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The good deed whose reward comes most quickly is maintaining ties of kinship, and the evil whose punishment comes most quickly is rebellion and transgression; and the false oath leaves homes desolate."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever deliberately swears falsely, saying: By Allah! such-and-such happened, when it did not, must give the expiation; he is a sinner and has done wrong by swearing falsely by Allah.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If someone says: What is the proof that he must give the expiation when he intended a falsehood? He will be told: The closest proof is the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Let him do the better thing and give the expiation for his oath." So he commanded him to break his oath deliberately.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19872
Abd al-Rahman bin Samurah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When you swear an oath upon a good thing (in the narration of Ibn Awn: when you swear an oath about something) and something else is better than it, do the better thing and give the expiation for your oath."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The saying of Allah, "Let not those of virtue and means among you swear that they will not give to their near relatives" [Surah al-Nur: 22], was revealed about a man who swore that he would not benefit his close relative, and Allah commanded: Benefit him.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19873
Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah narrates from Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that Allah declared her free of what the slanderers had said. Every group of the hadith scholars has narrated it, and their narrations confirm one another, even though some of them surpass others in memory. He mentioned the long hadith, in which it says that He revealed: "Indeed, those who brought the slander are a group among you" [Surah al-Nur: 11]. In these ten verses Allah revealed my innocence. Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), who used to spend on Mistah bin Uthathah because of kinship, said: By Allah! I will never spend on him again, after what he said about Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her). Then Allah said:
"Let not those of virtue and means among you swear against giving to near relatives, the poor and the emigrants for the sake of Allah; and let them pardon and overlook. Do you not love that Allah should forgive you? And Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." [Surah al-Nur: 22]
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Why not? I seek Allah's forgiveness. And he resumed Mistah's allowance and swore never to stop it again.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19874
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) used to support Mistah bin Uthathah. When he said what he said about Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), Abu Bakr swore that he would not benefit him. When Allah revealed: "Let not those of virtue and means among you swear against giving to near relatives, the poor and the emigrants for the sake of Allah" [Surah al-Nur: 22], Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I love that Allah should forgive me," and he resumed Mistah's allowance and gave the expiation for his oath.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The saying of Allah, "And indeed they utter an evil word and a falsehood" [Surah al-Mujadilah: 2], then Allah placed expiation in it.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Expiation is obligatory in it.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19875
Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) says: Two men brought a dispute to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) asked the claimant for evidence. He had no evidence, so the defendant swore by Allah, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You did what you did, but because of the sincerity of 'La ilaha illallah' (There is none worthy of worship except Allah) you will be forgiven."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19876
Sayyiduna Ibn al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "A man swore by Allah, or swore falsely by Allah, and he was forgiven because of his sincerity towards Allah."
This is an error (wahm) on the part of Shu'bah; the correct version is the narration of the group. According to the historians, Ubaydah died nine years before Ibn al-Zubayr, so his narrating from him is unlikely, and Allah knows best. Ata bin al-Sa'ib alone narrated it, with disagreement over its chain from him. It was also narrated through Thabit from Anas, and that is not strong.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19877
Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) says that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O so-and-so! Did you do such-and-such?" He said: By Allah! I did not do it. The narrator says: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) knew that he had done it. He (peace and blessings be upon him) kept asking him repeatedly, but each time he swore. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah has forgiven you because of your sincerity in 'La ilaha illallah' (There is none worthy of worship except Allah)."
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19878
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) narrates from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said to a man: "Did you do such-and-such?" He swore by Allah that he had not done it. Then Jibril (peace be upon him) came and said that he had done it, but Allah Almighty had forgiven him because of 'La ilaha illallah' (There is none worthy of worship except Allah).
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19879
Ash'ath narrates from al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) that a man lost his she-camel and made a claim for it against another man, and he brought him to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He said: This man has taken my she-camel. The man swore by Allah that he had not taken his she-camel. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You did take it; return it to him." So he returned it, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah has forgiven you because of your sincerity."
Explanation: This report is munqati' (its chain is broken). If it is authentic in origin, its purpose is to show that, when one's creed is sound, no sin, even a grave one, makes Hell binding; but no one other than the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) can make this determination.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19880
Alqamah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) that oaths are of four kinds: two have expiation and two have no expiation. (1) A man swears: By Allah! he will not do such-and-such, and then he does it. (2) Another man says: By Allah! I will do this, but he does not do it. As for the oaths that have no expiation: (1) a man swears: I have not done such-and-such, when he has done it. (2) Another man swears: I have done such-and-such, when he has not done it.
Abthar bin al-Qasim narrated it thus from Layth bin Abi Sulaym, but Sufyan al-Thawri differed from him and narrated it from Layth, from Ziyad bin Kulayb Abu Ma'shar, from Ibrahim as his own statement, and that is more likely to be correct.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19881
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Oaths are of four kinds; two have expiation and two do not. A man's saying: By Allah! I did not do it, and: By Allah! I did do it, has no expiation in any of it; if he said it deliberately, it is a lie, and if he believed it to be as he said, it is a laghw (idle) oath. And a man's saying: By Allah! I will not do it, and: By Allah! I will certainly do it, has expiation in it.
The Shaykh said: Layth and Hammad bin Abi Sulayman are not used as proof, and Allah knows best.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19882
Abdullah bin Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We used to count the false oath among the sins for which there is no expiation. It was asked: What is the false oath? He said: Seizing one's brother's wealth by means of a false oath.
Hadith Referenceالسنن الكبرى للبيهقي / كتاب الأيمان / 19883