السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجزية
Book of Jizyah
باب: يشترط عليهم أن أحدا من رجالهم إن أصاب مسلمة بزنا أو اسم نكاح، أو قطع الطريق على مسلم، أو فتن مسلما عن دينه، أو أعان المحاربين على المسلمين، فقد نق
It is stipulated that if any of their men commits adultery with a Muslim woman or takes her in the name of marriage, robs a Muslim on the road, turns a Muslim away from his religion, or helps those at war against the Muslims, he has broken the covenant
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رِوَايَةِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَغْدَادِيِّ عَنْهُ: لَمْ يَخْتَلِفْ أَهْلُ السِّيرَةِ عِنْدَنَا ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِمَّنْ رَوَى السِّيرَةَ، أَنَّ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُوَادَعَةٌ وَعَهْدٌ، فَأَتَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَى صَائِغٍ مِنْهُمْ لِيَصُوغَ لَهَا حُلِيًّا، وَكَانَتِ الْيَهُودُ مُعَادِيَةً لِلْأَنْصَارِ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسَتْ عِنْدَ الصَّائِغِ عَمَدَ إِلَى بَعْضِ حَدَائِدِهِ فَشَدَّ بِهِ أَسْفَلَ ذَيْلِهَا وَجَيْبَهَا وَهِيَ لَا تَشْعُرُ، فَلَمَّا قَامَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَهِيَ فِي سُوقِهِمْ نَظَرُوا إِلَيْهَا مُنْكَشِفَةً فَجَعَلُوا يَضْحَكُونَ مِنْهَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَنَابَذَهُمْ وَجَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ نَقْضًا لِلْعَهْدِ، وَذَكَرَ حَدِيثَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَمَا صَنَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي الْيَهُودِيِّ الَّذِي اسْتَكْرَهَ الْمَرْأَةَ فَوَطِئَهَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said, according to the narration of Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Baghdadi from him: "The people of sirah among us, namely Ibn Ishaq, Musa bin Uqbah and a group of those who narrated the sirah, do not differ that there was a truce and a covenant between Banu Qaynuqa' and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Then a woman of the Ansar came to one of their goldsmiths so that he would make jewellery for her, and the Jews were hostile to the Ansar. When the woman sat with the goldsmith, he took one of his iron tools and fastened the lower hem of her (garment) to her collar, and she did not notice. When the woman stood up in their market, they saw her uncovered and began laughing at her and mocking her. News of this reached the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) declared the treaty with them terminated and deemed this act of theirs a breach of the covenant."
And (Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned the incident of Banu al-Nadir, and the action Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) took regarding the Jew who forced a woman and committed zina with her.
And (Imam al-Shafi'i, may Allah have mercy on him) also mentioned the incident of Banu al-Nadir, and the action Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) took regarding the Jew who forced a woman and committed zina with her.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ، ثنا جَدِّي، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ الْحِزَامِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَنِي النَّضِيرِ يَسْتَعِينُهُمْ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ، وَكَانُوا زَعَمُوا قَدْ دَسُّوا إِلَى قُرَيْشٍ حِينَ نَزَلُوا بِأُحُدٍ فِي قِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَحَضُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ، وَدَلُّوهُمْ عَلَى الْعَوْرَةِ، فَلَمَّا كَلَّمَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي عَقْلِ الْكِلَابِيِّينَ قَالُوا: اجْلِسْ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ حَتَّى تَطْعَمَ وَتَرْجِعَ بِحَاجَتِكَ وَنَقُومَ فَنَتَشَاوَرَ وَنُصْلِحَ أَمْرَنَا فِيمَا جِئْتَنَا لَهُ. فَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي ظِلِّ جِدَارٍ يَنْتَظِرُ أَنْ يُصْلِحُوا أَمْرَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا وَالشَّيْطَانُ مَعَهُمْ لَا يُفَارِقُهُمُ ائْتَمَرُوا بِقَتْلِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالُوا: لَنْ تَجِدُوهُ أَقْرَبَ مِنْهُ الْآنَ فَاسْتَرِيحُوا مِنْهُ تَأْمَنُوا فِي دِيَارِكُمْ وَيُرْفَعْ عَنْكُمُ الْبَلَاءُ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ ظَهَرْتُ فَوْقَ الْبَيْتِ وَدَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَجَرًا فَقَتَلْتُهُ. فَأَوْحَى اللهُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا ائْتَمَرُوا مِنْ شَأْنِهِ، فَعَصَمَهُ اللهُ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ يَقْضِيَ حَاجَةً وَتَرَكَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِهِمْ، وَانْتَظَرَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَرَاثَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَأَقْبَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: لَقِيتُهُ قَدْ دَخَلَ أَزِقَّةَ الْمَدِينَةِ. فَقَالُوا لِأَصْحَابِهِ: عَجِلَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ أَمْرَنَا فِي حَاجَتِهِ الَّتِي جَاءَ بِهَا. ثُمَّ قَامَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَجَعُوا، وَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ بِالَّذِي جَاءَ أَعْدَاءُ اللهِ فَقَالَ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَنْ يَبْسُطُوا إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنْكُمْ وَاتَّقُوا اللهَ وَعَلَى اللهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ}، فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَى مَا أَرَادُوا بِهِ ⦗٣٣٨⦘ وَعَلَى خِيَانَتِهِمْ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ أَمَرَ بِإِجْلَائِهِمْ وَإِخْرَاجِهِمْ مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يَسِيرُوا حَيْثُ شَاءُوا. إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ.
Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This is the account of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) when he (peace and blessings be upon him) went to Banu al-Nadir seeking their help with the blood money of the Kilabis. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) went with his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to Banu al-Nadir and sought their help with the blood money of the Kilabis. The Muslims believed that they had colluded with the Quraysh at the Battle of Uhud against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), had urged them to fight and had passed on secrets. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) spoke with them about the blood money of the Kilabis, they said: "O Abu al-Qasim! Please sit and eat, and we will consult about the matter for which you have come." He (peace and blessings be upon him) sat with the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) in the shade of a wall, (waiting) for them to settle their matter. They withdrew, with Satan among them not leaving them, plotted to kill the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and said: "You will never find him closer than he is now. Rid yourselves of him, live in your homes in safety, and your affliction will be over." One man said: "If you wish, I will drop a stone on him from the roof and kill him." Meanwhile, Allah informed His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) through revelation and protected His Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) left his Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) there and went out as one goes to relieve himself. The enemies of Allah waited for him (peace and blessings be upon him), but he (peace and blessings be upon him) was late in returning, so they asked a man coming from Madinah about him (peace and blessings be upon him), and he told them that he (peace and blessings be upon him) was entering the streets of Madinah. So they said to the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them): "He has been hasty; we were still sitting to consult on this matter." When the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) returned, the Qur'an was revealed, and Allah knows best what the enemies of Allah plotted. He said: "O you who believe, remember the favour of Allah upon you when a people intended to stretch out their hands against you, and He held back their hands from you. Fear Allah, and upon Allah let the believers rely." [Surah Al-Ma'idah: 11] When Allah exposed their intention and their treachery, they were exiled, and it was said to them: "Go wherever you wish."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي جَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، عَنْ مُجَالِدٍ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالشَّامِ، فَأَتَاهُ نَبَطِيٌّ مَضْرُوبٌ مُشَجَّجٌ مُسْتَعْدٍ، فَغَضِبَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا فَقَالَ لِصُهَيْبٍ: انْظُرْ مَنْ صَاحِبُ هَذَا؟ فَانْطَلَقَ صُهَيْبٌ فَإِذَا هُوَ عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ غَضِبَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَوْ أَتَيْتَ مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ فَمَشَى مَعَكَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ بَادِرَتَهُ. فَجَاءَ مَعَهُ مُعَاذٌ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ عُمَرُ مِنَ الصَّلَاةِ قَالَ: أَيْنَ صُهَيْبٌ؟ فَقَالَ: أَنَا هَذَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ: أَجِئْتَ بِالرَّجُلِ الَّذِي ضَرَبَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّهُ عَوْفُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ فَاسْمَعْ مِنْهُ وَلَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: مَا لَكَ وَلِهَذَا؟ قَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَأَيْتُهُ يَسُوقُ بِامْرَأَةٍ مُسْلِمَةٍ فَنَخَسَ الْحِمَارَ لِيَصْرَعَهَا فَلَمْ تُصْرَعْ، ثُمَّ دَفَعَهَا فَخَرَّتْ عَنِ الْحِمَارِ، ثُمَّ تَغَشَّاهَا فَفَعَلْتُ مَا تَرَى. قَالَ: ائْتِنِي بِالْمَرْأَةِ لِتُصَدِّقَكَ. فَأَتَى عَوْفٌ الْمَرْأَةَ فَذَكَرَ الَّذِي قَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ أَبُوهَا وَزَوْجُهَا: مَا أَرَدْتَ بِصَاحِبَتِنَا فَضَحْتَهَا. فَقَالَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ: وَاللهِ لَأَذْهَبَنَّ مَعَهُ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَلَمَّا أَجْمَعَتْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ أَبُوهَا وَزَوْجُهَا: نَحْنُ نُبَلِّغُ عَنْكِ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَأَتَيَا فَصَدَّقَا عَوْفَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ بِمَا قَالَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْيَهُودِيِّ: وَاللهِ مَا عَلَى هَذَا عَاهَدْنَاكُمْ. فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَصُلِبَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ فُوا بِذِمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَمَنْ فَعَلَ مِنْهُمْ هَذَا فَلَا ذِمَّةَ لَهُ. قَالَ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ غَفَلَةَ: وَإِنَّهُ لَأَوَّلُ مَصْلُوبٍ رَأَيْتُهُ. تَابَعَهُ ابْنُ أَشْوَعَ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ.
Suwayd bin Ghafalah says: We were with the Commander of the Faithful, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), in Syria when a Nabataean man came who had been severely beaten and wounded. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) became extremely angry and said to Suhayb (may Allah be pleased with him): "See who has beaten him." Suhayb (may Allah be pleased with him) went and found that it was Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) who had beaten him. So Suhayb (may Allah be pleased with him) said to Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him): "Take Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) with you to the Commander of the Faithful; I fear that he will hasten to punish you." So Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) took Mu'adh (may Allah be pleased with him) and went to him. When Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) finished the prayer, he asked: "Where is Suhayb?" Suhayb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Faithful! Here I am." He asked: "Have you brought the man who beat him?" Suhayb (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Faithful! I have brought him." Then Mu'adh bin Jabal (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Faithful! Listen to what Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) has to say, and do not be hasty." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) asked: "What is the matter?" Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Commander of the Faithful! He goaded the donkey of a Muslim woman so that she would fall, but she did not fall; then he pushed her so that she fell from the donkey, and he assaulted her. Then I did what you see." Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Bring the woman so that she may confirm what you say." So Awf bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned to the woman what Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) had said. Her father and her husband said: "You want to disgrace our woman." But the woman said: "By Allah, I will certainly go with him to the Commander of the Faithful." When she had resolved upon that, her father and husband said: "Come, we will confirm it for you before Umar (may Allah be pleased with him)." When they had confirmed it, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said to that Jew: "This is not what we made our covenant with you upon." And the Jew was crucified. Then he said: "O people! Fulfil the covenant of protection (dhimmah) of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him); whoever does such a thing has no covenant of protection." Suwayd bin Ghafalah says: "He was the first person I saw crucified."
