السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: المسلم يدل المشركين على عورة المسلمين
A Muslim who reveals the weak points of the Muslims to the polytheists
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ دَاوُدَ الْعَلَوِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ، أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الشَّرْقِيِّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ هَاشِمِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ الطُّوسِيُّ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، ح وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيُّ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَا وَالزُّبَيْرَ وَالْمِقْدَادَ فَقَالَ: " انْطَلِقُوا حَتَّى تَأْتُوا رَوْضَةَ خَاخٍ فَإِنَّ بِهَا ظَعِينَةً مَعَهَا كِتَابٌ ". فَخَرَجْنَا تَعَادَى بِنَا خَيْلُنَا، فَإِذَا ⦗٢٤٧⦘ نَحْنُ بِظَعِينَةٍ فَقُلْنَا: أَخْرِجِي الْكِتَابَ، فَقَالَتْ: مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ، فَقُلْنَا لَهَا: لَتُخْرِجِنَّ الْكِتَابَ أَوْ لَتُلْقِينَّ الثِّيَابَ، فَأَخْرَجَتْهُ مِنْ عِقَاصِهَا فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَإِذَا فِيهِ: مِنْ حَاطِبِ بْنِ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى أُنَاسٍ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ مِمَّنْ بِمَكَّةَ، يُخْبِرُ بِبَعْضِ أَمْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: " مَا هَذَا يَا حَاطِبُ "؟ قَالَ: لَا تَعْجَلْ عَلَيَّ، إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً مُلْصَقًا فِي قُرَيْشٍ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهَا، وَكَانَ مَنْ مَعَكَ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لَهُمْ قَرَابَاتٌ يَحْمُونَ بِهَا قَرَابَاتِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي بِمَكَّةَ قَرَابَةٌ فَأَحْبَبْتُ إِذْ فَاتَنِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ عِنْدَهُمْ يَدًا، وَاللهِ مَا فَعَلْتُهُ شَكًّا فِي دِينِي وَلَا رِضًا بِالْكُفْرِ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّهُ قَدْ صَدَقَ ". فَقَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ دَعْنِي أَضْرِبْ عُنُقَ هَذَا الْمُنَافِقِ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّهُ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ ". وَنَزَلَتْ: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا عَدُوِّي وَعَدُوَّكُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ تُلْقُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِالْمَوَدَّةِ} [الممتحنة: ١]. أَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ.
It is narrated from Ubaydullah bin Abi Rafi' that he said: I heard Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) relate that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) sent me, Sayyiduna al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna al-Miqdad (may Allah be pleased with him), and instructed: "Go to the place called Rawdat Khakh; there will be a woman traveller there who has a letter with her." We galloped our horses, and when we got there, there was indeed a woman. We said to her: "Bring out the letter." She said: "I have no letter with me." We said: "Bring out the letter, or else we will search you and put you to hardship." So she took the letter out of her braids (the plaits of her hair) and gave it to us. We brought it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). In that letter it was written that it was from Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah to some of the polytheists of Makkah, informing them of some of the plans of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "O Hatib, what is this?" He said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), do not be hasty concerning me. I was merely an ally among Quraysh, not (originally) one of them, while the Muhajirun who are with you have relatives in Makkah through whom they protect their families and property. Since I had no close relative in Makkah, I wanted to do them a favour (so that in return they would protect my relatives). By Allah, I did not do this out of doubt in my religion, nor out of preferring disbelief after Islam." The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He has told you the truth." Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), permit me to strike off the neck of this hypocrite." The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He took part in the Battle of Badr. And what do you know? Allah, the Lord of Might, knowing the state of the people of Badr, has said: 'Do whatever you wish, for I have certainly forgiven you.'" And this verse was revealed: [Surah al-Mumtahanah: 1]
"O you who have believed, do not take My enemy and your enemy as allies, extending affection to them."
"O you who have believed, do not take My enemy and your enemy as allies, extending affection to them."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى، أنبأ هُشَيْمٌ، عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَحَيَّانَ بْنِ عَطِيَّةَ السُّلَمِيِّ، أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَتَنَازَعَانِ فِي عَلِيٍّ وَعُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، وَكَانَ حَيَّانُ يُحِبُّ عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يُحِبُّ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: سَمِعْتُهُ يُحَدِّثُ يَعْنِي عَلِيًّا رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كَتَبَ حَاطِبُ بْنُ أَبِي بَلْتَعَةَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَغْزُوَكُمْ بِأَصْحَابِهِ فَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ. وَدَفَعَ كِتَابَهُ إِلَى امْرَأَةٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: سَارَّةُ، فَجَعَلَتْهُ فِي إِزَارِهَا أَوْ فِي ذُؤَابَةٍ مِنْ ذَوَائِبِهَا فَانْطَلَقَتْ، فَأَطْلَعَ اللهُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: فَبَعَثَنِي وَمَعِيَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْعَوَّامِ وَأَبُو مَرْثَدٍ الْغَنَوِيُّ، وَكُلُّنَا فَارِسٌ قَالَ: " انْطَلِقُوا فَإِنَّكُمْ سَتَلْقَوْنَهَا بِرَوْضَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَفَتِّشُوهَا فَإِنَّ مَعَهَا كِتَابًا إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ حَاطِبٍ ". فَانْطَلَقْنَا فَوَافَقْنَاهَا فَقُلْنَا: هَاتِي الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي مَعَكِ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَتْ: مَا مَعِي كِتَابٌ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: مَا كَذَبْتُ وَلَا كُذِبْتُ، لَتُخْرِجِنَّهُ أَوْ لَأُجَرِّدَنَّكِ، فَلَمَّا عَرَفَتْ أَنِّي فَاعِلٌ أَخْرَجَتِ الْكِتَابَ، فَأَخَذْنَاهُ فَانْطَلَقْنَا بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَفَتَحَهُ فَقَرَأَهُ فَإِذَا فِيهِ: مِنْ حَاطِبٍ إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا يُرِيدُكُمْ فَخُذُوا حِذْرَكُمْ وَتَأَهَّبُوا. أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ، فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى حَاطِبٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: " أَكَتَبْتَ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: " فَمَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟ " قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَمَا وَاللهِ مَا كَفَرْتُ مُنْذُ أَسْلَمْتُ، وَإِنِّي لِمُؤْمِنٌ بِاللهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، وَمَا حَمَلَنِي عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتُ مِنْ كِتَابِي إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ إِلَّا وَلَهُ هُنَاكَ بِمَكَّةَ مَنْ يَدْفَعُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي هُنَاكَ أَحَدٌ يَدْفَعُ عَنْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِي، فَأَحْبَبْتُ ⦗٢٤٨⦘ أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ عِنْدَ الْقَوْمِ يَدًا، وَإِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُ أَنَّ اللهَ سَيُظْهِرُ رَسُولَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ: فَصَدَّقَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَبِلَ قَوْلَهُ، قَالَ: فَقَامَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ دَعْنِي فَأَضْرِبَ عُنُقَهُ؛ فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ خَانَ اللهَ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا عُمَرُ إِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ، وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ اللهَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكُمْ ". رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ عَنْ هُشَيْمٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْ حُصَيْنٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " تَجَافَوْا لِذَوِي الْهَيْئَاتِ ". وَقِيلَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ حَدًّا فَإِذَا كَانَ هَذَا مِنَ الرَّجُلِ ذِي الْهَيْئَةِ وَقِيلَ بِجَهَالَةٍ كَمَا كَانَ هَذَا مِنْ حَاطِبٍ بِجَهَالَةٍ وَكَانَ غَيْرَ مُتَّهَمٍ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ يُتَجَافَى لَهُ، وَإِذَا كَانَ مِنْ غَيْرِ ذِي الْهَيْئَةِ كَانَ لِلْإِمَامِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ تَعْزِيرُهُ.
Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) says: Hatib bin Abi Balta'ah wrote to the people of Makkah that Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) intends to attack you, so defend yourselves; and he gave the letter to a woman named Sarah and sent her off. She hid the letter inside her braids and set out. Meanwhile, Allah, the Lord of Might, informed His Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), so he (peace and blessings be upon him) sent Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), Sayyiduna al-Zubayr bin al-Awwam (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyiduna Abu Marthad al-Ghanawi (may Allah be pleased with him), all of them horsemen, and said: "You will meet a woman at such-and-such a place. Search her; she has a letter from Hatib to the people of Makkah." He says: We set off and found the woman at that very place. We said: Bring out the letter to the people of Makkah. She said: I have no letter. He says: I said: I neither lie nor deny the truth; bring out the letter, or I will strip off your clothes. When she realised that they would do just that, she brought out the letter. We took it to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) opened and read it. In it was: From Hatib to the people of Makkah: Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) intends to attack you, so prepare your defence. When he (peace and blessings be upon him) had read the letter, he summoned Hatib, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) asked: "Did you write this letter?" He said: Yes. He asked: "What led you to do this?" Hatib said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), I have not disbelieved since I accepted Islam; I believe in Allah and His Messenger. I wrote the letter only because in Makkah there is no one to defend my family and property, as the other Companions have (people) in Makkah. I only wanted to do those people a favour, and I am also certain that Allah will grant His Messenger victory. The narrator says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) affirmed his truthfulness and accepted his excuse. The narrator says: Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) sought permission to kill him, because he had betrayed Allah and the believers. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Umar, he is one of the people of Badr. What do you know? Allah looked upon them and said: Do whatever your hearts wish; I have forgiven you."
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Overlook (the lapses of) people of standing." It has been said concerning this hadith: (this applies) so long as it is not a hadd (offence). So when such a thing comes from a man of standing, and it is said (that it was) out of ignorance, as it came from Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) out of ignorance, and he was not under suspicion, then I would like it to be overlooked for him; and if it comes from someone who is not a person of standing, then the imam may, and Allah knows best, give him a discretionary punishment (ta'zir).
(b) Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It is narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him): "Overlook (the lapses of) people of standing." It has been said concerning this hadith: (this applies) so long as it is not a hadd (offence). So when such a thing comes from a man of standing, and it is said (that it was) out of ignorance, as it came from Hatib (may Allah be pleased with him) out of ignorance, and he was not under suspicion, then I would like it to be overlooked for him; and if it comes from someone who is not a person of standing, then the imam may, and Allah knows best, give him a discretionary punishment (ta'zir).
