السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: وطء السبايا بالملك قبل الخروج من دار الحرب
Relations with captive women by right of ownership before leaving enemy territory
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مِيكَالَ، أنبأ عَبْدَانُ الْأَهْوَازِيُّ، ثنا زَيْدُ بْنُ الْحَرِيشِ، وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو هَمَّامٍ، يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الزِّبْرِقَانِ، عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مُحَيْرِيزٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا فِي سَبْيِ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ فَأَرَدْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَمْتِعَ وَأَنْ لَا يَلِدْنَ فَسَأَلْنَا عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: " لَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلُوا فَإِنَّ اللهَ قَدْ كَتَبَ مَنْ هُوَ خَالِقٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ مَوْلَى بَنِي هَاشِمٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الزِّبْرِقَانِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَعَرَّسَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِصَفِيَّةَ بِالصَّهْبَاءِ وَهِيَ غَيْرُ بِلَادِ الْإِسْلَامِ يَوْمَئِذٍ.
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says: We obtained female captives from Banu al-Mustaliq; we desired intercourse but not children, so we asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) about that, and he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no harm upon you if you do not do it, for Allah has written down whoever He is going to create until the Day of Resurrection."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consummated his marriage with Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) at the place called al-Sahba', although it was then dar al-harb (enemy territory).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) consummated his marriage with Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) at the place called al-Sahba', although it was then dar al-harb (enemy territory).
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ زَيْدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ بِالْكُوفَةِ مِنْ أَصْلِ سَمَاعِهِ، أنبأ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ دُحَيْمٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ أَبِي الْحَنِينِ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِأَبِي طَلْحَةَ حِينَ أَرَادَ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ: " الْتَمِسْ لِي غُلَامًا مِنْ غِلْمَانِكُمْ يَخْدِمُنِي ". فَخَرَجَ بِي أَبُو طَلْحَةَ مُرْدِفِي وَأَنَا غُلَامٌ قَدْ رَاهَقْتُ، فَكَانَ إِذَا نَزَلَ خَدَمْتُهُ فَسَمِعْتُهُ كَثِيرًا مَا يَقُولُ: " اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَمِّ وَالْحَزَنِ، وَالْعَجْزِ وَالْكَسَلِ، وَالْبُخْلِ وَالْجُبْنِ، وَظَلْعِ الدَّيْنِ وَغَلَبَةِ الرِّجَالِ ". فَلَمَّا فُتِحَ الْحِصْنُ ذُكِرَ لَهُ جَمَالُ صَفِيَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ عَرُوسًا وَقُتِلَ زَوْجُهَا، فَاصْطَفَاهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِنَفْسِهِ، فَلَمَّا كُنَّا بِسَدِّ الصَّهْبَاءِ حَلَّتْ، فَبَنَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَاتَّخَذَ حَيْسًا فِي نِطْعٍ صَغِيرٍ وَكَانَتْ وَلِيمَتَهُ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُحَوِّي لَهَا بِعَبَاءَةٍ خَلْفَهُ وَيَجْلِسُ عِنْدَ نَاقَتِهِ فَيَضَعُ رُكْبَتَهُ، فَتَجِيءُ صَفِيَّةُ فَتَضَعُ رِجْلَهَا عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ ثُمَّ تَرْكَبُ، ⦗٢١١⦘ فَلَمَّا بَدَا لَنَا أُحُدٌ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " هَذَا جَبَلٌ يُحِبُّنَا وَنُحِبُّهُ ". فَلَمَّا أَشْرَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ قَالَ: " اللهُمَّ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَرَّمَ مَكَّةَ، اللهُمَّ وَإِنِّي أُحَرِّمُ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا، اللهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَهُمْ فِي صَاعِهِمْ وَمُدِّهِمْ ". رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، وَأَخْرَجَاهُ عَنْ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَقَدْ غَزَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي غَزْوَةِ الْمُرَيْسِيعِ بِامْرَأَةٍ أَوِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ وَالْغَزْوُ بِالنِّسَاءِ أَوْلَى لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَكْرُوهٌ أَنْ يُتَوَقَّى قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَدْ مَضَتِ الْأَحَادِيثُ فِي ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِ الْقَسْمِ، وَمَضَتْ أَحَادِيثُ فِي غَزْوِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالنِّسَاءِ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to go to Khaybar, he said to Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him): "Find me a boy from among your boys who will serve me." So Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) took me, seating me behind him on his mount, and at that time I was a boy close to puberty. Whenever he (peace and blessings be upon him) halted, I would serve him (peace and blessings be upon him). I heard him (peace and blessings be upon him) often making this supplication: 'Allahumma inni a'udhu bika min al-hammi wal-huzni, wal-'ajzi wal-kasali, wal-bukhli wal-jubni, wa dala'i al-dayni, wa ghalabat al-rijal' (O Allah! I seek refuge in You from worry and grief, from incapacity and laziness, from miserliness and cowardice, from the burden of debt and from being overpowered by men). When the fortress was conquered, the beauty of Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) was mentioned to him. She was a new bride and her husband had been killed, so the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) chose her for himself. When we reached the place called Sadd al-Sahba', she became lawful (for him), and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consummated the marriage with her and held the wedding feast (walimah) with hays (a sweet dish of dates and butter). I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) making a place for her on the mount behind him with a cloak; he (peace and blessings be upon him) would sit by his she-camel and place his knee, and Sayyidah Safiyyah (may Allah be pleased with her) would place her foot on his (peace and blessings be upon him) knee and mount. When Uhud came into our view, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is a mountain that loves us and we love it." When he overlooked Madinah, he said: "O Allah! Ibrahim (peace be upon him) declared Makkah sacred, and I declare sacred the area between the two lava plains (of Madinah). O Allah! Bless them in their sa' and their mudd."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took one or two of his wives with him on the campaign of al-Muraysi'; and taking women along on a campaign would have been more deserving of being avoided, if there were anything disliked in it.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took one or two of his wives with him on the campaign of al-Muraysi'; and taking women along on a campaign would have been more deserving of being avoided, if there were anything disliked in it.
