السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب السير
Book of Military Expeditions
باب: المرأة تسبى مع زوجها
A woman taken captive with her husband
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: سَبَى رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبْيَ أَوْطَاسٍ، وَسَبْيَ بَنِي الْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَأَسَرَ مِنْ رِجَالِ هَؤُلَاءِ وَهَؤُلَاءِ وَقَسَمَ السَّبْيَ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ لَا تُوطَأَ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ، وَلَا حَائِلٌ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ، وَلَمْ يَسْأَلْ عَنْ ذَاتِ زَوْجٍ وَلَا غَيْرِهَا، وَلَا هَلْ سُبِيَ زَوْجٌ مَعَ امْرَأَتِهِ وَلَا غَيْرُهُ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) took the captives of Awtas and the captives of Banu al-Mustaliq, and also took men of both these tribes as prisoners, and he divided the captives. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that no pregnant (slave woman) be approached for intercourse until she gives birth, and no non-pregnant one until she has had one menstrual period. He (peace and blessings be upon him) did not ask which of them had a husband and which did not, nor did he ask whether anyone's husband had been taken captive along with his wife or not."
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلْمَانَ الْفَقِيهُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أنبأ شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ وَالْمُجَالِدِ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَدَّاكِ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا يَوْمَ ⦗٢٠٩⦘ أَوْطَاسٍ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا تُوطَأُ حَامِلٌ حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَلَا غَيْرُ حَامِلٍ حَتَّى تَحِيضَ حَيْضَةً ".
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says: On the day of Awtas we obtained female captives, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "No pregnant woman is to be approached for intercourse until she gives birth, nor a non-pregnant one until she has had one menstrual period."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَزِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَرْزُوقٍ مَوْلَى تُجِيبَ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ الصَّنْعَانِيِّ، قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ أَبِي رُوَيْفِعٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ الْمَغْرِبَ، فَافْتَتَحَ قَرْيَةً فَقَامَ خَطِيبًا فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَقُولُ فِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَا سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ فِينَا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ قَامَ فِينَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَقَالَ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ مَاءَهُ زَرْعَ غَيْرِهِ " يَعْنِي إِتْيَانَ الْحَبَالَى مِنَ الْفَيْءِ، " وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يُصِيبَ امْرَأَةً مِنَ السَّبْيِ ثَيِّبًا حَتَّى يَسْتَبْرِئَهَا، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَبِيعَ مَغْنَمًا حَتَّى يُقْسَمَ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ دَابَّةً مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَعْجَفَهَا رَدَّهَا فِيهِ، وَلَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرِئٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَلْبَسَ ثَوْبًا مِنْ فَيْءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُ رَدَّهُ ". كَذَا قَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ، كَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ غَيْرُ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: رُوَيْفِعُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَدَلَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَنَّ السِّبَاءَ نَفْسَهُ انْقِطَاعُ الْعِصْمَةِ بَيْنَ الزَّوْجَيْنِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِوَطْءِ ذَاتِ زَوْجٍ بَعْدَ حَيْضَةٍ إِلَّا وَذَلِكَ قَطَعَ الْعِصْمَةَ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ أَنَّ قَوْلَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٤] ذَوَاتُ الْأَزْوَاجِ اللَّاتِي مَلَكْتُمُوهُنَّ بِالسِّبَاءِ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَرُوِّينَا فِي كِتَابِ النِّكَاحِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ نَحْوَ قَوْلِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ.
Hanash al-San'ani (may Allah have mercy on him) says: We went on a campaign to the Maghrib with Sayyiduna Ruwayfi' al-Ansari (may Allah be pleased with him). A town was conquered, and he stood up to deliver a sermon and said: I will say to you only what I heard from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) at Khaybar. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to water another's crop with his water, that is, to have intercourse with a pregnant woman (from the spoils). It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to have intercourse with a previously married captive woman until he has established that her womb is free. It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to sell any of the spoils of war before they are divided. It is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to ride a mount from the fay' (property) of the Muslims until, when he has made it lean and weak, he returns it. And it is not lawful for a man who believes in Allah and the Last Day to wear a garment from the fay' of the Muslims until, when he has worn it out, he returns it."
Yunus bin Bukayr said 'the day of Khaybar' in this way, but it was only the day of Hunayn; others narrated it so from Ibn Ishaq, and others besides Ibn Ishaq narrated it so too. Others said 'Ruwayfi' bin Thabit', and that is correct.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This indicates that captivity itself severs the marital bond between the spouses, for he (peace and blessings be upon him) would not order intercourse with a married woman after one menstrual period unless that had severed the bond. Ibn Mas'ud mentioned that the saying of Allah Almighty: "And (forbidden to you are) married women, except those whom your right hands possess" [Surah al-Nisa': 24] refers to "married women whom you have come to own by taking them captive."
Yunus bin Bukayr said 'the day of Khaybar' in this way, but it was only the day of Hunayn; others narrated it so from Ibn Ishaq, and others besides Ibn Ishaq narrated it so too. Others said 'Ruwayfi' bin Thabit', and that is correct.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: This indicates that captivity itself severs the marital bond between the spouses, for he (peace and blessings be upon him) would not order intercourse with a married woman after one menstrual period unless that had severed the bond. Ibn Mas'ud mentioned that the saying of Allah Almighty: "And (forbidden to you are) married women, except those whom your right hands possess" [Surah al-Nisa': 24] refers to "married women whom you have come to own by taking them captive."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أنبأ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، أَنَّ أَبَا عَلْقَمَةَ الْهَاشِمِيَّ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ فَأَصَابُوا جَيْشًا مِنَ الْعَرَبِ يَوْمَ أَوْطَاسٍ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ وَهَزَمُوهُمْ، فَأَصَابُوا نِسَاءً لَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ، وَكَأَنَّ أُنَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَأَثَّمُوا مِنْ غَشَيَانِهِنَّ مِنْ أَجْلِ أَزْوَاجِهِنَّ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٤] فَهُنَّ لَكُمْ حَلَالٌ. ⦗٢١٠⦘ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ..
Sayyiduna Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) says that on the day of Hunayn the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) dispatched a detachment, which fought an army of the Arabs on the day of Awtas, and they were defeated. Women were taken captive who had husbands, and the Companions considered it sinful to have intercourse with them because of their husbands. So Allah revealed this verse: "And (forbidden to you are) married women, except those whom your right hands possess" [Surah al-Nisa': 24], meaning that these are lawful for you.
وَأَخْرَجَهُ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ الْقَوَارِيرِيِّ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، بِمَعْنَاهُ، " زَادَ فِيهِ: أَيْ فَهُنَّ لَهُمْ حَلَالٌ إِذَا انْقَضَتْ عِدَّتُهُنَّ ". أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، ثنا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، ثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ثنا سَعِيدٌ، فَذَكَرَهُ.
Sa'id bin Abi Arubah (may Allah have mercy on him) said that they are lawful for them once their waiting period ('iddah) has ended.
