السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب القسامة
Book of Qasamah
باب: قبول توبة الساحر، وحقن دمه بتوبته
The repentance of the sorcerer is accepted and his blood is spared by his repentance
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَأَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أَنْبَأَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ، أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُقَاتِلَ النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، فَمَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ، عَصَمَ مِنِّي مَالَهُ وَنَفْسَهُ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهِ، وَحِسَابُهُ عَلَى اللهِ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ وَغَيْرِهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ.
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I have been commanded to fight people until they say 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah). When they say 'La ilaha illallah' (there is no god but Allah), they have protected their wealth and their lives from me, except by its right, and their reckoning is with Allah."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، ثَنَا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرَّةَ، سَمِعَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ اللهَ يَبْسُطُ يَدَهُ بِاللَّيْلِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ النَّهَارِ، وَبِالنَّهَارِ لِيَتُوبَ مُسِيءُ اللَّيْلِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ مَغْرِبِهَا " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ بُنْدَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، وَكَفَاكَ بِسَحَرَةِ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقِصَّتِهِمْ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي قَبُولِ تَوْبَةِ السَّاحِرِ.
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah Almighty extends His hand at night so that the one who erred during the day may repent, and He extends His hand during the day so that the one who erred during the night may repent, until the sun rises from the west."
And the repentance of Pharaoh's sorcerers, which is mentioned in detail in the Qur'an, is sufficient proof that the repentance of a sorcerer is accepted.
And the repentance of Pharaoh's sorcerers, which is mentioned in detail in the Qur'an, is sufficient proof that the repentance of a sorcerer is accepted.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِهِ، قَالُوا: ثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، حَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: قَدِمَتْ عَلَيَّ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ دُومَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، جَاءَتْ تَبْتَغِي رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ حَدَاثَةَ ذَلِكَ تَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ دَخَلَتْ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ السِّحْرِ وَلَمْ تَعْمَلْ بِهِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا لِعُرْوَةَ: يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِي فَرَأَيْتُهَا تَبْكِي حِينَ لَمْ تَجِدْ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَكَانَتْ تَبْكِي حَتَّى أَنِّي لَأَرْحَمُهَا، تَقُولُ: إِنِّي لَأَخَافُ أَنْ أَكُونَ قَدْ هَلَكْتُ، كَانَ لِي زَوْجٌ فَغَابَ عَنِّي، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى عَجُوزٍ فَشَكَوْتُ إِلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنْ فَعَلْتِ مَا آمُرُكِ بِهِ فَأَجْعَلْهُ يَأْتِيكِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ جَاءَتْنِي بِكَلْبَيْنِ أَسْوَدَيْنِ فَرَكِبَتْ أَحَدَهُمَا وَرَكِبْتُ الْآخَرَ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَثِيرٌ حَتَّى وَقَفْنَا بِبَابِلَ، فَإِذَا بِرَجُلَيْنِ مُعَلَّقَيْنِ بِأَرْجُلِهِمَا، فَقَالَا: مَا جَاءَ بِكِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: أَتَعَلَّمُ السِّحْرَ، فَقَالَا: إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ، فَلَا تَكْفُرِي، وَارْجِعِي، ⦗٢٣٦⦘ فَأَبَيْتُ وَقُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَا: فَاذْهَبِي إِلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنُّورِ فَبُولِي فِيهِ، فَذَهَبْتُ فَفَزِعْتُ وَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِمَا، فَقَالَا: فَعَلْتِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَا: هَلْ رَأَيْتِ شَيْئًا؟ قُلْتُ: لَمْ أَرَ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَا: لَمْ تَفْعَلِي، ارْجِعِي إِلَى بِلَادِكِ، وَلَا تَكْفُرِي. فَأَرِبْتُ وَأَبَيْتُ، فَقَالَا: اذْهَبِي إِلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنُّورِ فَبُولِي فِيهِ، ثُمَّ ائْتِي، فَذَهَبْتُ فَاقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدِي وَخِفْتُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِمَا فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، فَقَالَا: فَمَا رَأَيْتِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: لَمْ أَرَ شَيْئًا، فَقَالَا: كَذَبْتِ، لَمْ تَفْعَلِي، فَارْجِعِي إِلَى بِلَادِكِ وَلَا تَكْفُرِي، فَإِنَّكِ عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكِ. فَأَرِبْتُ وَأَبَيْتُ، فَقَالَا: اذْهَبِي إِلَى ذَلِكَ التَّنُّورِ فَبُولِي فِيهِ، فَذَهَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَبُلْتُ فِيهِ فَرَأَيْتُ فَارِسًا مُقَنَّعًا بِحَدِيدٍ قَدْ خَرَجَ مِنِّي، حَتَّى ذَهَبَ فِي السَّمَاءِ، وَغَابَ عَنِّي حَتَّى مَا أُرَاهُ، فَجِئْتُهُمَا فَقُلْتُ: قَدْ فَعَلْتُ، فَقَالَا: فَمَا رَأَيْتِ؟ فَقُلْتُ: رَأَيْتُ فَارِسًا مُقَنَّعًا خَرَجَ مِنِّي فَذَهَبَ فِي السَّمَاءِ حَتَّى مَا أُرَاهُ، فَقَالَا: صَدَقْتِ، ذَلِكَ إِيمَانُكِ خَرَجَ مِنْكِ، اذْهَبِي فَقُلْتُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ: وَاللهِ مَا أَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا، وَمَا قَالَ لِي شَيْئًا، قَالَتْ: بَلَى، إِنْ تُرِيدِي شَيْئًا إِلَّا كَانَ، خُذِي هَذَا الْقَمْحَ فَابْذُرِي، فَبَذَرْتُ، فَقُلْتُ: اطْلُعِي، فَطَلَعَتْ، فَقُلْتُ: أَحْقِلِي، فَأَحْقَلَتْ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: أَفْرِكِي، فَأَفْرَكَتْ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: أَيْبِسِي، فَأَيْبَسَتْ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: اطْحَنِي، فَأَطْحَنَتْ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: اخْبِزِي، فَأَخْبَزْتُ. فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ أَنِّي لَا أُرِيدُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا كَانَ سُقِطَ فِي يَدَي، وَنَدِمْتُُ وَاللهِ يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، مَا فَعَلْتُ شَيْئًا قَطُّ وَلَا أَفْعَلُهُ أَبَدًا. فَسَأَلَتْ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ مُتَوَافِرُونَ فَمَا دَرَوْا مَا يَقُولُونَ لَهَا، وَكُلُّهُمْ هَابَ وَخَافَ أَنْ يُفْتِيَهَا بِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَدْ قَالَ لَهَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، أَوْ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ: لَوْ كَانَ أَبَوَاكَ حَيَّيْنِ أَوْ أَحَدُهُمَا. قَالَ هِشَامٌ: فَلَوْ جَاءَتْنَا الْيَوْمَ أَفْتَيْنَاهَا بِالضَّمَانِ. قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ: وَكَانَ هِشَامٌ يَقُولُ: إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا أَهْلَ وَرَعٍ وَخَشْيَةٍ مِنَ اللهِ، وَبُعَدَاءَ مِنَ التَّكَلُّفِ وَالْجُرْأَةِ عَلَى اللهِ، ثُمَّ يَقُول هِشَامٌ: وَلَكِنَّهَا لَوْ جَاءَتِ الْيَوْمَ مِثْلُهَا لَوَجَدَتْ تُوكِي أَهْلَ حُمْقٍ وَتَكَلُّفٍ بِغَيْرِ عَلِمٍ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: A woman from Dumat al-Jandal came, shortly after the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), looking for him (peace and blessings be upon him) in order to ask him about a matter of sorcery that she had got into but had not acted upon. Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said to Urwah (may Allah have mercy on him): O my nephew, I saw her weeping when she did not find the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). She wept so much that I felt great pity for her. She was saying: "I fear that I have been ruined. I had a husband who was away from me, so I went to an old woman and complained to her about it. She said: 'If you do what I tell you, I will make him come to you.' When night came, she brought me two black dogs; she rode one of them and I rode the other. It was not long before we stopped at Babylon, and I saw two men hanging by their feet. They said: 'What has brought you?' I said: 'To learn sorcery.' They said: 'We are only a trial, so do not disbelieve' [Surah al-Baqarah: 102], and they said: 'Go back.' I refused, so they said: 'Go to that oven and urinate in it.' I went, but out of fright I could not do it, and came back just as I was. They asked: 'Have you urinated?' I said: 'Yes.' They asked: 'Did you see anything?' I said: 'No.' They said: 'Then you have not done it. Go back to your land and do not disbelieve.' But I persisted and refused. They said: 'Go and urinate in that oven, then come.' I went, and my skin crept and I was afraid. Then I came back and said: 'I have done it.' They asked: 'What did you see?' I said: 'I saw nothing.' They said: 'You have lied; you did not do it. Go back to your land and do not disbelieve, for you are still at the beginning of your affair.' I persisted and refused. They said: 'Go to that oven and urinate in it.' I went and did so, and I saw a horseman, veiled in iron, come out of me and go up into the sky until he disappeared from my sight. I came back and told the two of them the whole thing, and they said: 'You have spoken the truth. That was your faith which has left you. Go.' I said to the (old) woman: 'By Allah, I have not learned anything, and they told me nothing.' She said: 'Of course you have; whatever you intend will happen. Take this wheat and sow it.' I sowed it and said: 'Sprout,' and it sprouted. I said: 'Form ears,' and it formed ears. Then I said: 'Ripen,' and it ripened. Then I said: 'Dry,' and it dried. Then I said: 'Be ground,' and it was ground. Then I said: 'Become bread,' and it became bread. When I saw that whatever I intended came to be, I was filled with deep regret. By Allah, O Mother of the Believers, I am remorseful; I have not done anything with it until now, nor will I ever do so." Then she asked the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), who were present in great numbers at that time, about this, but they did not know what to tell her, and each of them feared to give her a ruling without knowledge. Only Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), or someone who was with him, said this much: "If your parents, or one of them, were alive." Hisham (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If she had come to us today, we would have given her a ruling of liability (daman); but because the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) were extremely cautious and God-fearing, they remained silent. Then Hisham (may Allah have mercy on him) said: If such an incident occurred today, many foolish and ignorant people would stand up and give rulings without knowledge.
