السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الديات
Book of Blood Money
باب: ما روي فيه عن عمر، وعثمان رضي الله عنهما سوى ما مضى
Reports on this from Umar and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them) besides what has passed
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ بِلَالٍ، أَنَّ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، حَدَّثَهُمْ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: إِنِّي لَخَائِفٌ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ مِنْ بَعْدِي مَنْ يُهْلِكُ دِيَةَ الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ، فَلَأَقُولَنَّ فِيهَا قَوْلًا: عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِبِلِ مِائَةُ بَعِيرٍ وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ اثْنَا عَشَرَ دِرْهَمًا.
Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on him) says that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: I fear that someone will come after me who will destroy a man's blood money, so I state a word on this matter: upon the owner of camels are 100 camels, upon the owner of gold 1000 dinars, and upon the owner of silver 12000 dirhams.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، قَالَ: وَأَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ بْنِ مُوسَى، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ⦗١٤٠⦘ وَابْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، قَوَّمَ الدِّيَةَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ أَوِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ.
Imam al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) and Ibn Abi Rabah (may Allah have mercy on him) say that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed the blood money at 1000 dinars or 12000 dirhams.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بَلَغَنَا، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، أَنَّهُ فَرَضَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذَّهَبِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ فِي الدِّيَةِ، وَعَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ.
Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) says: It reached us that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed 1000 dinars upon the people of gold and 10000 dirhams upon the people of silver.
حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، عَنِ الْهَيْثَمِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْوَرِقِ، اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: قَدْ صَدَقَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ فَرَضَهَا اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ،.
Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Abu Hanifah narrated that to us from al-Haytham, from al-Sha'bi, from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him). And the people of Madinah say that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) fixed the blood money for the people of silver at 12000 dirhams. Muhammad says: The people of Madinah have spoken the truth about Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), that he fixed the blood money at 12000 dirhams; but he fixed it at twelve thousand dirhams by the weight of six.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: أَخْبَرَنَا الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مُغِيرَةَ الضَّبِّيِّ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ: كَانَتِ الدِّيَةُ الْإِبِلِ، فَجُعِلَتِ الْإِبِلُ الصَّغِيرُ وَالْكَبِيرُ كُلُّ بَعِيرٍ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ دِرْهَمًا وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ، فَذَلِكَ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ: وَقِيلَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ: إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَانَقَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَقَالَ شَرِيكٌ: قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: عَانَقَ رَجُلٌ مِنَّا رَجُلًا مِنَ الْعَدُوِّ فَضَرَبَهُ فَأَصَابَ رَجُلًا مِنَّا فَسَلَتَ وَجْهَهُ حَتَّى وَقَعَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى حَاجِبَيْهِ وَأَنْفِهِ وَلِحْيَتِهِ وَصَدْرِهِ، فَقَضَى فِيهِ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ بالدية اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَكَانَتِ الدَّرَاهِمُ يَوْمَئِذٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: رَوَى عَطَاءٌ وَمَكْحُولٌ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ وَعَدَدٌ مِنَ الْحِجَازِيِّينَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فَرَضَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ بِالْحِجَازِ أَحَدًا خَالَفَ فِيهِ عَنْهُ بِالْحِجَازِ، وَلَا عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُما وَمِمَّنْ قَالَ: الدِّيَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَعَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ، وَلَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عِكْرِمَةُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَضَى بِالدِّيَةِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَقُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ: أَفَتَقُولُ: إِنَّ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَزْنَ سِتَّةٍ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا فَقُلْتُ: فَمِنْ أَيْنَ زَعَمْتَ أَنَّكَ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَبِلْتَهَا، وَأَنَّ عُمَرَ قَضَى فِيهَا بِشَيْءٍ لَا تَقْضِي بِهِ ⦗١٤١⦘ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: الرِّوَايَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعَةٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَحَدِيثُ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ قَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مَوْصُولًا، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَمَعَهُ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Ibrahim (may Allah have mercy on him) says: "Blood money in all camels, whether young or old, was fixed at 120 dirhams per camel, by the weight of six, and this comes to 10,000 dirhams." It was said to Sharik bin Abdullah (may Allah have mercy on him): A Muslim man grappled with a man of the enemy and struck him, but the blow hit a Muslim man. Sharik (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Ibn Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man of ours grappled with a man of the enemy and struck him, but it hit a man of ours and sliced off his face, so that it fell onto his eyebrows, nose, beard and chest; in this case the ruling Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) gave was 12,000 dirhams, and the dirham at that time was of the weight of six.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that many people of the Hijaz, such as Ata, Makhul, Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on them) and others, have reported from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams. I do not know of anyone in the Hijaz who differed on this from him, nor from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). Among those who hold that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams, Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) are worth mentioning, and Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) has narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a ruling on blood money of "12,000 dirhams".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him): Do you say that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams of the weight of six? He said: No. I said: Then from where have you accepted this from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) judged by it but you do not? The Shaykh says: This report from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (broken), and likewise from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him); and there is the hadith of Amr bin Shu'ayb from his father from his grandfather, which we have narrated connected (mawsul) from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and along with it the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says that many people of the Hijaz, such as Ata, Makhul, Amr bin Shu'ayb (may Allah have mercy on them) and others, have reported from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams. I do not know of anyone in the Hijaz who differed on this from him, nor from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him). Among those who hold that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams, Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both), Sayyiduna Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) and Sayyidah Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) are worth mentioning, and Ikrimah (may Allah have mercy on him) has narrated from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) a ruling on blood money of "12,000 dirhams".
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I asked Muhammad bin al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him): Do you say that the blood money is 12,000 dirhams of the weight of six? He said: No. I said: Then from where have you accepted this from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), when Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) judged by it but you do not? The Shaykh says: This report from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (broken), and likewise from Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him); and there is the hadith of Amr bin Shu'ayb from his father from his grandfather, which we have narrated connected (mawsul) from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), and along with it the hadith of Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both). And Allah knows best.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْمُزَكِّي، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا بَحْرٌ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي يُونُسُ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ كِتَابَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ عَلَى نَجْرَانَ، وَكَانَ الْكِتَابُ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَكَتَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيهِ: " هَذَا بَيَانٌ مِنَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَرَسُولِهِ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ} [المائدة: ١] " فَكَتَبَ الْآيَاتِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ {إِنَّ اللهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ} [آل عمران: ١٩٩]، ثُمَّ كَتَبَ: " هَذَا كِتَابُ الْجِرَاحِ، فِي النَّفْسِ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا أُوعِيَ جَدْعُهُ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْعَيْنِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْيَدِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الرِّجْلِ خَمْسُونَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي كُلِّ إِصْبَعٍ مِمَّا هُنَالِكَ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْسِ، وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثُ النَّفْسِ، وَفِي الْمُنَقِّلَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ " قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ: فَهَذَا الَّذِي قَرَأْتُ فِي الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عِنْدَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ.
Al-Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) says: I read the letter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) which he (peace and blessings be upon him) gave to Amr bin Hazm (may Allah be pleased with him) when he was going to Najran, and that letter was with Abu Bakr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him). He (peace and blessings be upon him) had written in it: "This is a clear statement from Allah and His Messenger:" O you who believe, fulfil the contracts [Surah al-Ma'idah: 1]. He (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote several verses until he reached: Indeed, Allah is swift in reckoning [Surah Al Imran: 199]. Then he said: "This is the book concerning wounds: for a life there are 100 camels. For one hand 50 camels, for a leg 50 camels, and for the nose, when it is cut off from the root, there are 100 camels. For an eye 50 camels and for each finger 10 camels; for a deep head wound one third of the blood money for a life, and for the head wound in which there are fragments of bone there are 15 camels. For a wound to the abdomen one third of the blood money for a life. For an ordinary wound and for a tooth there are five camels." Ibn Shihab (may Allah have mercy on him) says: This is how I read this letter with Abu Bakr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him).
وَأَخْبَرَ نَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَأَبُو زَكَرِيَّا، وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ، قَالُوا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، أَخْبَرَهُ، أَنَّ أَبَاهُ ⦗١٤٢⦘ أَخْبَرَهُ عَنِ الْكِتَابِ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ فِي الْعُقُولِ مِثْلَ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَذْكُرِ الْأُذُنَيْنِ وَلَا الْمُنَقِّلَةَ.
The previous narration.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، ثنا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْعَبْدِيُّ، ثنا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ مُوسَى، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ بِكَتَابٍ فِيهِ الْفَرَائِضُ وَالسُّنَنُ وَالدِّيَاتُ، وَبَعَثَ بِهِ مَعَ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ، فَقُرِئَتْ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، وَهَذِهِ نُسْخَتُهَا، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِيهِ: " وَإِنَّ فِي النَّفْسِ الدِّيَةَ مِائَةً مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْأَنْفِ إِذَا أُوعِبَ جَدْعُهُ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي اللِّسَانِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الشَّفَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الْبَيْضَتَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الذَّكَرِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الصُّلْبِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الْعَيْنَيْنِ الدِّيَةُ، وَفِي الرِّجْلِ الْوَاحِدَةِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمَأْمُومَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْجَائِفَةِ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَفِي الْمُنَقِّلَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي كُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ مِنَ الْأَصَابِعِ مِنَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي السِّنِّ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَفِي الْمُوضِحَةِ خَمْسٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ ".
Abu Bakr bin Muhammad bin Amr bin Hazm (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from his father, and he from his grandfather (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) wrote a letter to the people of Yemen containing the obligatory duties, the Sunnahs and the blood monies, and sent it with Amr bin Hazm, and it was read out to the people of Yemen. This is its copy. He then mentioned the hadith in full, and in it is: "For a life the blood money is 100 camels; for the nose, when it is cut off entirely, the blood money; for the tongue the blood money; for the two lips the blood money; for the two testicles the blood money; for the penis the blood money; for the spine the blood money; for the two eyes the blood money; for one leg half the blood money; for a head wound reaching the brain (ma'mumah) one third of the blood money; for a penetrating abdominal wound (ja'ifah) one third of the blood money; for a wound displacing bone fragments (munaqqilah) 15 camels; for each finger of the hand and the foot 10 camels; for a tooth 5 camels; and for a bone-exposing wound (mudihah) 5 camels."
