السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الجنايات
Book of Crimes
جماع أبواب القصاص فيما دون النفس
s on retaliation for injuries short of killing
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قَالَ اللهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: {وَكَتَبْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِيهَا أَنَّ النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ وَالْعَيْنَ بِالْعَيْنِ وَالْأَنْفَ بِالْأَنْفِ وَالْأُذُنَ بِالْأُذُنِ وَالسِّنَّ بِالسِّنِّ وَالْجُرُوحَ قِصَاصٌ} [المائدة: 45] قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَلَمْ أَعْلَمْ خِلَافًا فِي أَنَّ الْقِصَاصَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ، كَمَا حَكَى اللهُ، أَنَّهُ حُكِمَ بِهِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَذَكَرَ أَيْضًا مَعْنَى مَا.
Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, says: "And We prescribed for them therein (in the Torah): a life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, and a tooth for a tooth, and for wounds (also) retaliation." [Surah al-Ma'idah: 45]
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I know of no disagreement that the retaliation mentioned in this verse, as Allah Almighty has stated, was the basis on which judgement was given among the people of the Torah." And he also mentioned its meaning.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I know of no disagreement that the retaliation mentioned in this verse, as Allah Almighty has stated, was the basis on which judgement was given among the people of the Torah." And he also mentioned its meaning.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، وَأَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، قَالُوا: أنبأ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْأَصَمُّ، ثنا بَحْرُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَبِي النَّضْرِ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَامَ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ظَلَمَنِي عَامِلُكَ وَضَرَبَنِي فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللهِ لَأُقِيدَنَّكَ مِنْهُ إِذًا فَقَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَتُقِيدُ مِنْ عَامِلِكَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَاللهِ لَأُقِيدَنَّ مِنْهُمْ، أَقَادَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، وَأَقَادَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، أَفَلَا ⦗١١٢⦘ أُقِيدُ؟ قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ: أَوَغَيْرُ ذَلِكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: " وَمَا هُوَ؟ قَالَ: أَوَمَا يُرْضِيهِ؟ قَالَ: أَوْ ذَلِكَ " هَذَا مُنْقَطِعٌ، وَقَدْ رُوِّينَاهُ مَوْصُولًا وَمُرْسَلًا فِي بَابِ قَتْلِ الْإِمَامِ.
Abu al-Nadr (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A man came to Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) while he was standing on the pulpit, and said: Your governor has beaten me and wronged me. Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: By Allah! I will certainly get you retaliation. Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Commander of the Believers! Will you take retaliation from your own governor? He said: Yes, I will certainly take retaliation from him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Sayyiduna Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) themselves gave retaliation; so shall I not take retaliation from him? Sayyiduna Amr bin al-As (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Can nothing other than this be done? He asked: What is it? He said: Whatever he is satisfied with. He said: Very well, whatever the wronged man is satisfied with.
This narration is munqati' (its chain is broken).
This narration is munqati' (its chain is broken).
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أنبأ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، ثنا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الدَّارِمِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ، فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {النَّفْسَ بِالنَّفْسِ} [المائدة: ٤٥] قَالَ: تُقْتَلُ النَّفْسُ بِالنَّفْسِ، وَتُفْقَأُ الْعَيْنُ بِالْعَيْنِ، وَيُقْطَعُ الْأَنْفُ بِالْأَنْفِ، وَتُنْزَعُ السِّنُّ بِالسِّنِّ، وَيُقْتَصُّ الْجِرَاحُ بِالْجِرَاحِ، فَهَذَا يَسْتَوِي فِيهِ أَحْرَارُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ رِجَالُهُمْ وَنِسَاؤُهُمْ، إِذَا كَانَ عَمْدًا فِي النَّفْسِ وَمَا دُونَ النَّفْسِ.
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said regarding the saying of Allah, "a life for a life" [Surah al-Ma'idah: 45]: A life will be taken for a life, an eye will be put out for an eye, a nose will be cut off for a nose, a tooth will be pulled out for a tooth, and retaliation will be taken for a wound with a wound. In these matters Muslims who are free, men and women, are all equal, when these acts are done deliberately.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، مِنْ أَصْلِ كِتَابِهِ، أنبأ أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ الْأَعْرَابِيِّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، ثنا عَفَّانُ، ثنا حَمَّادٌ، ثنا ثَابِتٌ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ أُخْتَ الرُّبَيِّعِ أُمَّ حَارِثَةَ، جَرَحَتْ إِنْسَانًا، فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " الْقِصَاصَ الْقِصَاصَ" فَقَالَتْ أُمُّ الرُّبَيِّعِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ أَيُقْتَصُّ مِنْ فُلَانَةَ، وَاللهِ لَا يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " سُبْحَانَ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ كِتَابُ اللهِ" قَالَتْ: وَاللهِ لَا ⦗١١٣⦘ يُقْتَصُّ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا قَالَ: فَمَا زَالَتْ حَتَّى قَبِلُوا الدِّيَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ" رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، عَنْ عَفَّانَ.
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The sister of al-Rubayyi', Umm Harithah, wounded a person. The dispute came before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ruled: "There will be retaliation." Umm al-Rubayyi' said: O Messenger of Allah! Will retaliation be taken even from so-and-so? By Allah, never! The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Subhan Allah! Retaliation is indeed what is in the Book of Allah." She said: By Allah, retaliation can never be taken. She kept saying this until those people agreed to the blood money. Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How many of Allah's servants there are who, if they swear an oath by Allah, Allah fulfils their oath."
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ عَبْدُوسُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: لَطَمَتِ الرُّبَيِّعُ بِنْتُ النَّضْرِ جَارِيَةً فَكَسَرَتْ ثَنِيَّتَهَا، فَطَلَبُوا إِلَيْهِمُ الْعَفْوَ فَأَبَوْا، وَعَرَضُوا الْأَرْشَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَبَوْا، فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَمَرَ بِالْقِصَاصِ، فَقَالَ أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ: أَتُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّةُ الرُّبَيِّعِ؟ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، لَا تُكْسَرُ ثَنِيَّتُهَا فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " يَا أَنَسُ كِتَابُ اللهِ الْقِصَاصُ" فَرَضِيَ الْقَوْمُ فَعَفَوْا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " إِنَّ مِنْ عِبَادِ اللهِ مَنْ لَوْ أَقْسَمَ عَلَى اللهِ لَأَبَرَّهُ" رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ظَاهِرُ الْخَبَرَيْنِ يَدُلُّ عَلَى كَوْنِهِمَا قِصَّتَيْنِ، وَإِلَّا فَثَابِتٌ أَحْفَظُ.
Sayyiduna Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Sayyidah al-Rubayyi' bint al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with her) slapped a slave girl and broke her front teeth. They asked for pardon, but they (the girl's people) refused; they offered compensation, and they refused again. The matter came before the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered retaliation. Sayyiduna Anas bin al-Nadr (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him)! Will the front teeth of al-Rubayyi' also be broken? By the One who sent you with the truth, that cannot happen. He (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "O Anas! The ruling of the Book of Allah is retaliation." The people were satisfied and pardoned (her). Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Among the servants of Allah are some who, if they swear an oath by Allah, Allah fulfils their oath."
