السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النفقات
Book of Maintenance
باب: من قال: لها النفقة
Those who said: She has maintenance
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الْمُقْرِئُ، أنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، نا يُوسُفُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الْقَاضِي، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أنا سُفْيَانُ، نا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ، أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا طَلَّقَهَا ثَلَاثًا فَلَمْ يَرَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " السُّكْنَى وَلَا النَّفَقَةَ " قَالَ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لَا نَدَعُ كِتَابَ رَبِّنَا وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا لِقَوْلِ امْرَأَةٍ لَهَا السُّكْنَى وَالنَّفَقَةُ حَدِيثُ الشَّعْبِيِّ أَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، مِنْ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ وَحَدِيثُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مُنْقَطِعٌ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مَوْصُولًا مَوْقُوفًا.
Salamah bin Kuhayl narrated to us from al-Sha'bi, who narrates from Fatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her), that her husband divorced her three times, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did not grant her housing or maintenance. I mentioned this to Ibrahim. Ibrahim said: Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "We will not abandon the Book of our Lord and the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) because of the word of a woman; she is entitled to both housing and maintenance." Muslim recorded the hadith of al-Sha'bi in the Sahih from the hadith of Sufyan, and the hadith of Ibrahim from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) is munqati' (its chain is broken), though it has also been narrated with a connected chain as Umar's own statement (mawquf).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَا: أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، نا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، نا الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ قَوْلُ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: " لَا نَدَعُ كِتَابَ اللهِ لِقَوْلِ امْرَأَةٍ لَعَلَّهَا نَسِيَتْ " وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ أَسْبَاطُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ مَوْقُوفًا، وَرَوَاهُ أَشْعَثُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ وَحَمَّادٍ عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنِ الْأَسْوَدِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِيهِ: " وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّنَا " وَأَشْعَثُ بْنُ سَوَّارٍ ضَعِيفٌ وَرُوِيَ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ مَوْصُولًا مُسْنَدًا.
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) that when the statement of Sayyidah Fatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her) reached him, he said: "We cannot abandon the Book of Allah because of the word of a woman; perhaps she forgot." Likewise, Asbat bin Muhammad narrated it from al-A'mash as mawquf (a statement of Umar), and Ash'ath narrated it from al-Hakam and Hammad, from Ibrahim, from al-Aswad, from Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), saying in it: "and the Sunnah of our Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him)." Ash'ath bin Sawwar is da'if (weak).
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الْفَقِيهُ، أنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ ⦗٧٨١⦘ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ بْنِ مَسْعَدَةَ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِصَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْأَسَدِيُّ وَهُوَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيُّ، نا عَمَّارُ بْنُ رُزَيْقٍ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ جَالِسًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَعْظَمِ وَمَعَنَا الشَّعْبِيُّ، فَحَدَّثَ الشَّعْبِيُّ بِحَدِيثِ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " لَمْ يَجْعَلْ لَهَا سُكْنَى وَلَا نَفَقَةً " فَأَخَذَ الْأَسْوَدُ كَفًّا مِنْ حَصًى فَحَصَبَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ تُحَدِّثُ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا؟ قَالَ عُمَرُ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " لَا نَتْرُكُ كِتَابَ اللهِ وَسُنَّةَ نَبِيِّنَا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِقَوْلِ امْرَأَةٍ لَا نَدْرِي حَفِظَتْ أَوْ نَسِيَتْ لَهَا السُّكْنَى وَالنَّفَقَةُ، قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنْ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِينَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُبَيِّنَةٍ} [الطلاق: ١] رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَبَلَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ زُرَيْقٍ فِي النُّقْلَةِ دُونَ النَّفَقَةِ وَلَمْ يَقُلْ فِيهِ وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّنَا وَقَدْ مَضَى ذِكْرُهُ فِي كِتَابِ الْعِدَدِ قَالَ لِي أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْحَافِظُ: هَذَا أَصَحُّ مِنَ الَّذِي قَبْلَهُ لِأَنَّ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ لَا يَثْبُتُ وَيَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ أَحْفَظُ مِنْ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الزُّبَيْرِيِّ وَأَثْبَتُ مِنْهُ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، وَقَدْ تَابَعَهُ قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، فَرَوَاهُ عَنْ عَمَّارِ بْنِ رُزَيْقٍ مِثْلَ قَوْلِ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ سَوَاءً، وَرَوَاهُ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ عَنْ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ فِيهِ: وَسُنَّةُ نَبِيِّنَا وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ مَتْرُوكٌ وَالْأَشْبَهُ بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَغَيْرِهَا فِي الْإِنْكَارِ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتِ قَيْسٍ أَنَّهَا إِنَّمَا أَنْكَرَتْ عَلَيْهَا النُّقْلَةَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سَبَبٍ دُونَ النَّفَقَةِ وَهُوَ الْأَشْبَهُ بِمَا احْتُجَّ بِهِ مِنَ الْآيَةِ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: مَا نَعْلَمُ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ذِكْرَ نَفَقَةٍ إِنَّمَا فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ ذِكْرُ السُّكْنَى وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Abu Ishaq (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: I was sitting with al-Aswad bin Yazid (may Allah have mercy on him) in the great mosque, and al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) was with us. Al-Sha'bi (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated the hadith of Fatimah bint Qays (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) did not grant her housing or maintenance. He (al-Aswad) took a handful of pebbles and threw them at him, then said: Woe to you! You narrate something like this? Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We will not abandon the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) because of the word of a woman; we do not know whether she remembered or forgot. She is entitled to both housing and maintenance. Allah Almighty says: "Do not expel them from their houses, nor should they (themselves) leave, unless they commit a clear immorality." [Surah al-Talaq: 1]
Yahya bin Adam narrated it from Ammar bin Ruzayq concerning moving out, without (mention of) maintenance, and he did not say in it "and the Sunnah of our Prophet." Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz said: This is more correct than the one before it, because these words are not established, and Yahya bin Adam had better memory than Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri and was more reliable than him. Qabisah bin Uqbah corroborated him, narrating it from Ammar bin Ruzayq exactly as Yahya bin Adam did. Al-Hasan bin Umarah narrated it from Salamah bin Kuhayl, from Abdullah bin al-Khalil, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), saying in it "and the Sunnah of our Prophet"; but al-Hasan bin Umarah is matruk (abandoned).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know of any mention of maintenance in the Book of Allah; rather, in the Book of Allah there is mention of housing.
Yahya bin Adam narrated it from Ammar bin Ruzayq concerning moving out, without (mention of) maintenance, and he did not say in it "and the Sunnah of our Prophet." Ali bin Umar al-Hafiz said: This is more correct than the one before it, because these words are not established, and Yahya bin Adam had better memory than Abu Ahmad al-Zubayri and was more reliable than him. Qabisah bin Uqbah corroborated him, narrating it from Ammar bin Ruzayq exactly as Yahya bin Adam did. Al-Hasan bin Umarah narrated it from Salamah bin Kuhayl, from Abdullah bin al-Khalil, from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), saying in it "and the Sunnah of our Prophet"; but al-Hasan bin Umarah is matruk (abandoned).
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I do not know of any mention of maintenance in the Book of Allah; rather, in the Book of Allah there is mention of housing.
