السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب العدد
Book of Waiting Periods
باب: عدة الوفاة
The waiting period after death
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ فَإِنْ خَرَجْنَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِيمَا فَعَلْنَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِنَّ} قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: حَفِظْتُ عَنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالْقُرْآنِ أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ آيِ الْمَوَارِيثِ وَأَنَّهَا مَنْسُوخَةٌ وَأَنَّ اللهَ أَثْبَتَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةَ أَرْبَعَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا لَيْسَ لَهَا الْخِيَارُ فِي الْخُرُوجِ مِنْهَا وَلَا النِّكَاحُ قَبْلَهَا.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives should make a bequest for their wives: provision for a year without turning them out (of the home); but if they leave (of their own accord), there is no sin upon you for what they do with themselves (in a recognized manner).' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240]"
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I have preserved from more than one of the people of knowledge of the Qur'an that this verse was revealed before the revelation of the verses of inheritance and that it is abrogated, and that Allah Almighty made binding upon her (the widow) a waiting period of four months and ten days; she has no choice to leave it, nor to marry before it (ends)."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "I have preserved from more than one of the people of knowledge of the Qur'an that this verse was revealed before the revelation of the verses of inheritance and that it is abrogated, and that Allah Almighty made binding upon her (the widow) a waiting period of four months and ten days; she has no choice to leave it, nor to marry before it (ends)."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَمْرٍو الْأَدِيبُ، نا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْإِسْمَاعِيلِيُّ، نا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ نَصْرٍ الْحَذَّاءُ نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، نا حَبِيبُ بْنُ الشَّهِيدِ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ، ح، وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا يَحْيَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ نا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ نا أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ بِسْطَامٍ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، عَنْ حَبِيبٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فَقُلْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤] قَدْ نَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَلَمْ تَكْتُبْهَا أَوْ تَدَعْهَا قَالَ: " يَا ابْنَ أَخِي لَا أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْهُ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ " وَفِي رِوَايَةِ عَلِيٍّ لَمْ تَكْتُبْهَا وَقَدْ نَسَخَتْهَا الْآيَةُ الْأُخْرَى {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤]، رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ بِسْطَامٍ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abi Mulaykah that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: I said to Sayyiduna Uthman bin Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) that the verse 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240] has been abrogated by the other verse, so why are you writing it, or why are you leaving it (in place)? He said: O son of my brother, I will not change anything of it from its place. And in the narration of Ali (bin al-Madini): Why do you write it when it has been abrogated by the other verse, 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives, they shall wait concerning themselves for four months and ten days' [Surah al-Baqarah: 234]?
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it in his Sahih from Umayyah bin Bistam.
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it in his Sahih from Umayyah bin Bistam.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا " {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا وَصِيَّةً لِأَزْوَاجِهِمْ مَتَاعًا إِلَى الْحَوْلِ غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ} [البقرة: ٢٤٠] فَنُسِخَ ذَلِكَ بِآيَةِ الْمَوَارِيثِ مَا فَرَضَ لَهُنَّ مِنَ الرُّبُعِ وَالثُّمُنِ، وَنَسَخَ أَجَلَ الْحَوْلِ بِأَنْ جَعَلَ أَجَلَهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا ".
Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives should make a bequest for their wives: provision for a year without turning them out' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240]; this verse has been abrogated by the verses of inheritance, through what has been prescribed for them: a quarter and an eighth; and the waiting period of a year has been abrogated by her waiting period being set at four months and ten days.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، نا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّرَائِفِيُّ، نا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، نا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، نا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: " كَانَ الرَّجُلُ إِذَا مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ اعْتَدَّتِ السَّنَةَ فِي بَيْتِهِ يُنْفِقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ اللهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا يَتَرَبَّصْنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤] فَهَذِهِ عِدَّةُ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حَامِلًا فَعِدَّتُهَا أَنْ تَضَعَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا، وَقَالَ فِي مِيرَاثِهَا {وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكْتُمْ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكُمْ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ} [النساء: ١٢] فَبَيَّنَ اللهُ مِيرَاثَ الْمَرْأَةِ وَتَرَكَ الْوَصِيَّةَ وَالنَّفَقَةَ ".
Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said concerning this very verse: When a man died and left his wife, she would observe her waiting period for a year in his house, and they would spend on her from his wealth. Then Allah Almighty revealed this verse: 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives, they shall wait concerning themselves for four months and ten days.' [Surah al-Baqarah: 234]
This became the waiting period of the woman whose husband dies, except the pregnant woman, whose waiting period is until she gives birth to what is in her womb.
And concerning her inheritance He said: 'And for them is a quarter of what you leave if you have no child; but if you have a child, then for them is an eighth.' [Surah al-Nisa: 12] Allah Almighty made clear the inheritance of the woman and left out the bequest and the maintenance.
This became the waiting period of the woman whose husband dies, except the pregnant woman, whose waiting period is until she gives birth to what is in her womb.
And concerning her inheritance He said: 'And for them is a quarter of what you leave if you have no child; but if you have a child, then for them is an eighth.' [Surah al-Nisa: 12] Allah Almighty made clear the inheritance of the woman and left out the bequest and the maintenance.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْعَدْلُ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، نا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، نا إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّهُ قَامَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ هَاهُنَا " فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ وَبَيَّنَ لَهُمْ مِنْهَا فَأَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ} [البقرة: ١٨٠] فَقَالَ نُسِخَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {وَالَّذِينَ يُتَوَفَّوْنَ مِنْكُمْ وَيَذَرُونَ أَزْوَاجًا} [البقرة: ٢٣٤] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {غَيْرَ إِخْرَاجٍ} [البقرة: ٢٤٠] فَقَالَ وَهَذِهِ الْآيَةُ.
It is narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he stood and addressed the people there, recited Surah al-Baqarah to them and explained it to them. When he reached this verse: 'If he leaves wealth, a bequest for parents and near relatives' [Surah al-Baqarah: 180], he said: This verse has been abrogated. Then he recited until he reached this verse: 'And those of you who die and leave behind wives should make a bequest for their wives: provision for a year without turning them out' [Surah al-Baqarah: 240], then he said: This verse too has been abrogated.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَحْمَوَيْهِ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ نا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ، نا آدَمُ بْنُ أَبِي إِيَاسٍ، نا شُعْبَةُ، نا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أُمِّهَا، أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا فَرَمَدَتْ فَخَشَوْا عَلَى عَيْنِهَا فَأَتَوَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَاسْتَأْذَنُوهُ فِي الْكُحْلِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " لَا تَكْتَحِلْ قَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ تَمْكُثُ فِي شَرِّ أَحْلَاسِهَا أَوْ فِي شَرِّ أَبْنِيَتِهَا فَإِذَا كَانَ حَوْلٌ فَمَرَّ كَلْبٌ رَمَتْ بِبَعْرَةٍ فَلَا حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ " رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ آدَمَ، وَأَخْرَجَهُ مُسْلِمٌ، مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ.
Sayyidah Zaynab bint Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) narrates from her mother (Sayyidah Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her) that a woman's husband died and her eyes became diseased. They feared for her eyes. They came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) for permission for her to apply kohl. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "She should not apply kohl. One of you (women, in the Days of Ignorance) would stay in her worst blanket and in the worst house, and when a year had passed and a dog passed by, she would throw a piece of dung at it. So she should not apply kohl until four months and ten days have passed over her."
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Adam, and Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded it through another chain.
Imam al-Bukhari (may Allah have mercy on him) narrated it from Adam, and Muslim (may Allah have mercy on him) recorded it through another chain.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، أنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، أَخْبَرَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، أَنَّ حُمَيْدَ بْنَ نَافِعٍ أَخْبَرَهُ، عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، أَنَّهَا سَمِعَتْ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، وَأُمَّ حَبِيبَةَ تَذْكُرَانِ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَذَكَرَتْ أَنَّ زَوْجَ ابْنَتِهَا تُوُفِّيَ وَاشْتَكَتْ عَيْنَهَا أَفَأَكْحُلُهَا؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلَّى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: " قَدْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَاكُنَّ تَرْمِي بِالْبَعْرَةِ عِنْدَ رَأْسِ الْحَوْلِ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ أَرْبَعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشْرٌ " رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ.
It is narrated from Sayyidah Zaynab bint Abi Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she heard Sayyidah Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) and Sayyidah Umm Habibah (may Allah be pleased with her), both of them mentioning that a woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and mentioned that her daughter's husband had died and her eyes had become diseased: may she apply kohl? The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "One of you used to throw a piece of dung at the end of the year, and this is only four months and ten days."
Muslim narrated it.
Muslim narrated it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: نا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ⦗٧٠٣⦘ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا شُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ نَافِعٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمَعْنَاهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ قَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: فَقُلْتُ لِزَيْنَبَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا وَمَا رَأْسُ الْحَوْلِ؟ فَقَالَتْ زَيْنَبُ: كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ إِذَا هَلَكَ زَوْجُهَا عَمَدَتْ إِلَى شَرِّ بَيْتٍ لَهَا فَجَلَسَتْ فِيهِ حَتَّى إِذَا مَرَّتْ بِهَا سَنَةٌ خَرَجَتْ وَرَمَتْ بِبَعْرَةٍ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
It is narrated from Humayd bin Nafi' al-Ansari (may Allah have mercy on him) that he narrated a hadith with the same meaning and added something to it. Humayd said: I asked Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her): What is 'the head of the year'? Sayyidah Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) said: In the Days of Ignorance, when a woman's husband died, she would go to the worst house she had and sit in it, until, when a year had passed over her, she would come out and throw a piece of dung, that is, rub it against her body and throw it away; and Allah knows best.
