السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب الصداق
Book of the Dowry
باب: نسخ الضيق في الأكل من مال الغير إذا أذن له فيه
Abrogation of the restriction on eating from another's property when he gives permission for it
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الرُّوذْبَارِيُّ، أنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ دَاسَةَ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: {لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ بِالْبَاطِلِ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ تِجَارَةً عَنْ تَرَاضٍ مِنْكُمْ} [النساء: ٢٩] " فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُحَرِّجَ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ بَعْدَمَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ الْآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي النُّورِ فَقَالَ: {لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {أَشْتَاتًا} [النور: ٦١] " كَذَا قَالَ يُرِيدُ قَوْلَهُ: {لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَعْرَجِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى الْمَرِيضِ حَرَجٌ وَلَا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِنْ بُيُوتِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ آبَائِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ إِخْوَانِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخَوَاتِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَعْمَامِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ عَمَّاتِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ أَخْوَالِكُمْ، أَوْ بُيُوتِ خَالِاتِكُمْ، أَوْ مَا مَلَكْتُمْ مَفَاتِحَهُ، أَوْ صَدِيقِكُمْ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ أَشْتَاتًا} [النور: ٦١]، قَالَ: كَانَ الرَّجُلُ الْغَنِيُّ يَدْعُو الرَّجُلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ إِلَى الطَّعَامِ قَالَ: إِنِّي لَا ⦗٤٤٩⦘ جُنَاحَ أَنْ آكُلَ مِنْهُ، قَالَ: وَالتَّجَنُّحُ الْحَرَجُ، وَيَقُولُ: الْمِسْكِينُ أَحَقُّ بِهِ مِنِّي فَأَحَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا ذُكِرَ اسْمُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ وَأَحَلَّ طَعَامَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، وَذَكَرَ الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ فِي قَوْلِهِ: {لَيْسَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَى حَرَجٌ} [النور: ٦١] الْآيَةَ، إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا إِذَا غَزَوْا خَلَّفُوا زَمْنَاهُمْ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ فَيَدْفَعُوا إِلَيْهِمْ مَفَاتِيحَ أَبْوَابِهِمْ وَيَقُولُوا قَدْ أَحْلَلْنَا لَكُمْ أَنْ تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا فِي بُيُوتِنَا فَكَانُوا يَتَحَرَّجُونَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُونَ: لَا نَدْخُلُهَا وَهُمْ غُيَّبٌ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ رُخْصَةً لَهُمْ. هَكَذَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي الْمَرَاسِيلِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَوْرٍ عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ مُرْسَلًا. وَعَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ وَابْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ مُرْسَلًا بِمَعْنَاهُ وَأَتَمَّ مِنْهُ..
Ikrimah narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding: "Do not consume one another's wealth unjustly, except through trade by mutual consent among you." [Al-Nisa: 29] After this verse was revealed, a man would feel it a sin to eat at anyone's house, so the verse in Surah al-Nur abrogated it: "There is no blame upon the blind, nor any blame upon the lame, nor any blame upon the sick, nor upon yourselves that you eat from your own houses," up to His words "or separately" [Al-Nur: 61]. In the same way, this is what is meant by His words: "There is no blame upon the blind, nor any blame upon the lame, nor any blame upon the sick, nor upon yourselves that you eat from your own houses, or the houses of your fathers, or the houses of your mothers, or the houses of your brothers, or the houses of your sisters, or the houses of your paternal uncles, or the houses of your paternal aunts, or the houses of your maternal uncles, or the houses of your maternal aunts, or those whose keys you possess, or that of your friend. There is no blame upon you whether you eat together or separately." [Al-Nur: 61] He said: A wealthy man would invite a poor man of his family to a meal, and would consider it a sin to eat with him, and the poor man would say: "He is more deserving of it than I am." So it was made lawful for them to eat food over which the name of Allah had been mentioned, and the food of the People of the Book was also made lawful.
(b) Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah said regarding His words: "There is no blame upon the blind" [Al-Nur: 61]: "When the Muslims went out on campaign, they would give the keys of their houses to others and say: 'Eat whatever is in our houses,' but they would still feel it a sin, so Allah revealed this verse, granting them a concession."
(b) Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah said regarding His words: "There is no blame upon the blind" [Al-Nur: 61]: "When the Muslims went out on campaign, they would give the keys of their houses to others and say: 'Eat whatever is in our houses,' but they would still feel it a sin, so Allah revealed this verse, granting them a concession."
وَرَوَاهُ عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَخْزَمَ، عَنْ بِشْرِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: الصَّحِيحُ حَدِيثُ يَعْقُوبَ وَمَعْمَرٍ. أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أنا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ الْفَسَوِيُّ، نا أَبُو عَلِيٍّ اللُّؤْلُؤِيُّ، نا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، فَذَكَرَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى قَالُوا: نَخْشَى أَنْ لَا تَكُونَ أَنْفُسُهُمْ طَيِّبَةً وَإِنْ قَالُوهُ، فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ.
Abu Dawud (may Allah have mercy on him) mentions it, and in another narration it says: "We fear that it may not be from the goodness of their hearts, even if they have said it." So this verse was revealed.
Abu Dawud said: The correct (version) is the narration of Ya'qub and Ma'mar.
Abu Dawud said: The correct (version) is the narration of Ya'qub and Ma'mar.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، أنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْقَاضِي، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، نا آدَمُ، نا وَرْقَاءُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: " كَانَ رِجَالٌ زَمْنَى عُمْيٌ وَعُرْجٌ أُولِي حَاجَةٍ يَسْتَتْبِعُهُمْ رِجَالٌ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدُوا لَهُمْ فِي بُيُوتِهِمْ طَعَامًا ذَهَبُوا بِهِمْ إِلَى بُيُوتِ آبَائِهِمْ وَبُيُوتِ أُمَّهَاتِهِمْ وَمَنْ عُدَّ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْبُيُوتِ، فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ الْمُسْتَتْبَعُونَ وَقَالُوا: يَذْهَبُونَ بِنَا إِلَى بُيُوتٍ غَيْرِ بُيُوتِهِمْ فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي ذَلِكَ: {لَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ} [البقرة: ٢٣٦] فِي ذَلِكَ وَأَحَلَّ لَهُمُ الطَّعَامَ مِنْ حَيْثُ وَجَدُوهُ " قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: يَعْنِي إِذَا رَضِيَ بِهِ مَالِكُهُ وَكَانُوا يَتَحَرَّجُونَ مَعَ رِضَا الْمَالِكِ بِهِ فَرُفِعَ الْحَرَجُ إِذَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ بِرِضَاهُ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Some people who were blind, lame and in need would follow certain men to their houses. If those men did not find food for them in their own houses, they would take them to the houses of their parents, which they had built alongside their own houses. Those who were taken along disliked this and said: "They take us to houses other than their own." So Allah Almighty revealed this verse concerning it: "There is no blame upon you" [Al-Baqarah: 236], "food is lawful for them wherever they find it."
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Feeling hardship despite the owner's consent is not right, because with the owner's consent the hardship has been removed.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Feeling hardship despite the owner's consent is not right, because with the owner's consent the hardship has been removed.
