السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: من قال: يرجع المغرور بالمهر وقيمة الأولاد على الذي غره
One who said: the deceived husband reclaims the dowry and the value of the children from the one who deceived him
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فِي الْقَدِيمِ قَضَى عُمَرُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ فِي الْمَغْرُورِ يَرْجِعُ بِالْمَهْرِ عَلَى مَنْ غَرَّهُ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said in his old (view): "Sayyiduna Umar, Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) ruled concerning the deceived (husband) that he shall reclaim the dower (amount) from the person who deceived him."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: " أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ نَكَحَ امْرَأَةً وَبِهَا جُنُونٌ أَوْ جُذَامٌ أَوْ بَرَصٌ وَمَسَّهَا فَلَهُا صَدَاقُهَا وَذَلِكَ لِزَوْجِهَا غُرْمٌ عَلَى وَلِيِّهَا ".
Sa'id bin al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Any man who marries a woman who is afflicted with insanity, leprosy or vitiligo, and he has had intercourse with her, then the dower is due from him, and it will be charged to the woman's guardian.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدِ بْنُ أَبِي عَمْرٍو، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ بُدَيْلِ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْوَضِينِ: إِنَّ أَخَوَيْنِ تَزَوَّجَا أُخْتَيْنِ فَأُهْدِيَتْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا إِلَى أَخِي زَوْجِهَا فَأَصَابَهَا، فَقَضَى عَلِيٌّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِصَدَاقٍ، وَجَعَلَهُ يَرْجِعُ بِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي غَرَّهُ ".
Abu al-Wadin (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Two brothers married two sisters, and each of the two women was sent as a bride to her husband's brother, who had intercourse with her. So Sayyiduna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) made a dower due from each of them, and said that the person who deceived would pay it.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ، أنبأ الرَّبِيعُ، أنبأ الشَّافِعِيُّ، أنبأ مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ، أَوْ عُثْمَانَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا " قَضَى أَحَدُهُمَا فِي أَمَةٍ غَرَّتْ بِنَفْسِهَا رَجُلًا فَذَكَرَتْ أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ فَوَلَدَتْ أَوْلَادًا فَقَضَى أَنْ يُفْدِي وَلَدَهُ بِمِثْلِهِمْ "، قَالَ مَالِكٌ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: وَذَلِكَ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى الْقِيمَةِ لِأَنَّ الْعَبْدَ لَا يُؤْتَى بِمِثْلِهِ وَلَا نَحْوِهِ، فَلِذَلِكَ يُرْجَعُ إِلَى الْقِيمَةِ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: وَمَنْ قَالَ لَا يَرْجِعُ بِالْمَهْرِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِي الْجَدِيدِ احْتَجَّ بِمَا رُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " أَيُّمَا امْرَأَةٍ نُكِحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ أَصَابَهَا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا "، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: فَإِذًا جَعَلَ لَهَا الصَّدَاقَ بِالْمَسِيسِ فِي النِّكَاحِ الْفَاسِدِ بِكُلِّ حَالٍ وَلَمْ يَرُدَّهُ بِهِ عَلَيْهَا وَهِيَ الَّتِي غَرَّتْهُ لَا غَيْرُهَا كَانَ فِي النِّكَاحِ الصَّحِيحِ الَّذِي لِلزَّوْجِ فِيهِ الْخِيَارُ أَوْلَى أَنْ يَكُونَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ وَإِذَا كَانَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ لَمْ يَجُزْ أَنْ تَكُونَ هِيَ الْآخِذَةُ لَهُ وَيُغَرِّمُهُ وَلِيُّهَا، قَالَ: وَقَضَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ فِي الَّتِي نُكِحَتْ فِي عِدَّتِهَا إِنْ أُصِيبَتْ فَلَهَا الْمَهْرُ قَالَ الشَّيْخُ: قَدْ كَانَ يَقُولُ هُوَ فِي بَيْتِ الْمَالِ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ: رَجَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي الصَّدَاقِ وَجَعَلَهُ لَهَا بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said that Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) or Sayyiduna Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled concerning a slave woman who deceived someone into thinking that she was free, and she bore him children, that children like them should be given as ransom. Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The value is to be paid, because a slave cannot be paid back with one like him or his equivalent; therefore only the value will be paid.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever said that the dower is not to be reclaimed, and this is the new view of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), argued from what we have narrated.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is void; and if he has had intercourse with her, then the dower is due to her in return for that."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since he granted her the dower in every case because of intercourse in an invalid marriage, and did not have it returned from her, even though she is the one who deceived him and no one else, then in a valid marriage, in which the husband has the choice, it is all the more fitting that the dower belong to the woman; and if it belongs to the woman, it is not permissible that she take it while her guardian is fined for it. And Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that a woman who was married during her waiting period (iddah) is entitled to the dower if intercourse took place with her.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He used to say that the dower should go to the public treasury, then later he retracted that. Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) retracted his view concerning the dower, and made it hers in return for what he had made lawful of her private part.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Whoever said that the dower is not to be reclaimed, and this is the new view of Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him), argued from what we have narrated.
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Any woman who marries without the permission of her guardian, her marriage is void; and if he has had intercourse with her, then the dower is due to her in return for that."
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Since he granted her the dower in every case because of intercourse in an invalid marriage, and did not have it returned from her, even though she is the one who deceived him and no one else, then in a valid marriage, in which the husband has the choice, it is all the more fitting that the dower belong to the woman; and if it belongs to the woman, it is not permissible that she take it while her guardian is fined for it. And Sayyiduna Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) ruled that a woman who was married during her waiting period (iddah) is entitled to the dower if intercourse took place with her.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: He used to say that the dower should go to the public treasury, then later he retracted that. Masruq (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Sayyiduna Umar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) retracted his view concerning the dower, and made it hers in return for what he had made lawful of her private part.
