السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: لا يحل نكاح أمة كتابية لمسلم بحال
It is never lawful for a Muslim to marry a slave woman from the People of the Book
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قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ: لِأَنَّهَا دَاخِلَةٌ فِي مَعْنَى مَنْ حُرِّمَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكَاتِ وَغَيْرِ حَلَالٍ مَنْصُوصَةٍ بِالْإِحْلَالِ كَمَا نَصَّ حَرَائِرَ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ فِي النِّكَاحِ، وَاللهُ تَعَالَى إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ ⦗287⦘ نِكَاحَ إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ بِمَعْنَيَيْنِ وَفِي ذَلِكَ دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى تَحْرِيمِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُنَّ مِنْ إِمَاءِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، لِأَنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ شَرْطٌ ثَالِثٌ.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "Because she (a polytheist slave woman) falls within the meaning of the polytheist women who have been made unlawful; she is not lawful, nor is there an explicit text permitting her, as there is an explicit text (permitting) the free women of the People of the Book in marriage. And Allah Almighty has made marriage to the slave women of the people of Islam lawful only under two conditions, and in that is evidence of the unlawfulness of the slave women of the polytheists, who differ from them. And Allah knows best; because Islam is (here) a third condition."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ النَّضْرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: " لَا يَصْلُحُ نِكَاحُ إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ لِأَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يَقُولُ: مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ".
Mujahid (may Allah have mercy on him) said that marrying the slave women of the People of the Book is not proper, because Allah says: "From your believing slave girls" [Surah an-Nisa: 25], that is, from the believing slave women.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الْحَافِظُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ قَالَا: ثنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ مِنْكُمْ طَوْلًا} [النساء: ٢٥] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: {مِنْ فَتَيَاتِكُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ} [النساء: ٢٥] قَالَ: " فَلَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَنَا فِي إِمَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ ".
Al-Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said regarding the words of Allah Almighty, "And whoever among you does not have the means" [Surah an-Nisa: 25], "whoever among you is unable to marry", and "from your believing slave girls" [Surah an-Nisa: 25]: We have not been given permission regarding the slave women of the People of the Book.
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ثنا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَمَّنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ فُقَهَائِهِمُ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ مِنْهُمُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَخَارِجَةُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ، وَسُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ قَالَ: وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ " لَا يَصْلُحُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ نِكَاحُ الْأَمَةِ الْيَهُودِيَّةِ، وَلَا النَّصْرَانِيَّةِ، إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ الْمُحْصَنَاتِ مِنَ الذِّينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ وَلَيْسَتِ الْأَمَةُ بِمُحْصَنَةٍ ".
The jurists said that it is not permissible for a Muslim to marry a Jewish or Christian slave woman; it is only permissible to marry a free woman of the People of the Book, and a slave woman is not chaste (muhsanah). This is also reported from Sa'id bin al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on him), Urwah bin al-Zubayr (may Allah have mercy on him), al-Qasim bin Muhammad (may Allah have mercy on him), Abu Bakr bin Abd al-Rahman (may Allah have mercy on him), Kharijah bin Zayd (may Allah have mercy on him), Ubaydullah bin Abdullah bin Utbah (may Allah have mercy on him) and Sulayman bin Yasar (may Allah have mercy on him).
