السنن الكبرى للبيهقي
Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi
كتاب النكاح
Book of Marriage
باب: ما جاء في تسري العبد
Reports on the slave taking a concubine
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أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثَنِي سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ قَالَ: كَانَ عَبِيدُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ يَتَسَرُّونَ فَلَا يَعِيبُ عَلَيْهِمْ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) says: The slaves of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) used to take slave-women, and he did not find fault with them for it.
وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نَصْرِ بْنُ قَتَادَةَ، أنبأ أَبُو عَمْرِو بْنُ نُجَيْدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْبُوشَنْجِيُّ، ثنا ابْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثنا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا كَانَ يَقُولُ: " لَا يَطَأُ الرَّجُلُ وَلِيدَةً، إِلَّا وَلِيدَةً إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهَا، وَإِنْ شَاءَ صَنَعَ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ "، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: قَدْ مَنَعَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ الْعَبْدَ مِنَ التَّسَرِّي فِي الْجَدِيدِ وَعَارَضَ الْأَثَرَ الْأَوَّلَ بِهَذَا، وَهَذَا إِنَّمَا قَالَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ فِي الْحُرِّ، إِذَا اشْتَرَى وَلِيدَةً، بِشَرْطٍ فَاسِدٍ.
Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) narrates from Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that a man should not have intercourse with a slave-woman except a slave-woman whom, if he wishes, he may sell, if he wishes, he may gift, and if he wishes, he may do with her whatever he wants.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: In his new view, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) forbade a slave from taking a slave-woman, and he countered the first report with this one; yet Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said this only about a free man who buys a slave-woman with an invalid condition.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) says: In his new view, Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) forbade a slave from taking a slave-woman, and he countered the first report with this one; yet Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) said this only about a free man who buys a slave-woman with an invalid condition.
فَقَدْ رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " لَا يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أَنْ يَطَأَ فَرْجًا إِلَّا فَرْجًا، إِنْ شَاءَ وَهَبَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ وَإِنْ شَاءَ أَعْتَقَهُ، لَيْسَ فِيهِ شَرْطٌ "، أَخْبَرَنَاهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أنبأ إِسْمَاعِيلُ الصَّفَّارُ، ثنا ابْنُ عَفَّانَ، ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Nafi' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both): "No man should have intercourse with a slave-woman except one whom he may sell, gift or free (as he wishes); there is no condition in it."
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْفَقِيهُ، أنبأ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ الْبَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَهَّابِ، أنبأ يَعْلَى بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ قَالَ: زَوَّجَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا عَبْدًا لَهُ وَلِيدَةً لَهُ، فَطَلَّقَهَا، فَقَالَ: " ارْجِعْ فَأَبَى " قَالَ: فَقَالَ: " هِيَ لَكَ طَأْهَا بِمِلْكِ يَمِينِكَ "، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ فِي الْجَدِيدِ: وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ لِعَبْدٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ لَكَ طَلَاقٌ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُمْسِكَهَا، فَأَبَى، فَقَالَ: فَهِيَ لَكَ فَاسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ، يُرِيدُ أَنَّهَا لَهُ حَلَالٌ بِالنِّكَاحِ وَلَا طَلَاقَ لَهُ، قَالَ الشَّيْخُ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: هُوَ كَمَا قَالَ.
Abu Ma'bad says: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) married his slave to (his) slave-woman, and he divorced her. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Take her back," but he refused. The narrator says: Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "She is yours; have intercourse with her by right of possession." He meant that she is lawful for him through marriage and that he has no power of divorce.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says in his new view that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said to his slave, who had divorced his wife: "You have no divorce; keep your wife." But he refused. The intent of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was that she is lawful for you through marriage, and there is no divorce for him.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is as he said.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says in his new view that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said to his slave, who had divorced his wife: "You have no divorce; keep your wife." But he refused. The intent of Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was that she is lawful for you through marriage, and there is no divorce for him.
The Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him) said: It is as he said.
فَقَدْ رَوَى عَطَاءٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: " الْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمَوْلَى أُذِنَ لَهُ، أَوْ لَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ وَيَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: {ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ} [النحل: ٧٥] "، ⦗٢٤٦⦘ أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ الْعَبْدَوِيُّ الْحَافِظُ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا هُشَيْمٌ، أنبأ مَنْصُورٌ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَذَكَرَهُ، وَقَدْ رُوِيَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ.
Ata' narrates from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he used to say: "The matter rests with the master, whether he (the slave) was given permission or not." Then he recited this verse: "Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, who has no power over anything." [Surah al-Nahl: 75]
It has also been narrated in the hadith of Abu Ma'bad from Ibn Abbas what indicates this.
It has also been narrated in the hadith of Abu Ma'bad from Ibn Abbas what indicates this.
أَخْبَرَنَاهُ أَبُو حَازِمٍ، أنبأ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ بْنُ خُمَيْرَوَيْهِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ هُوَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ، " أَنَّ غُلَامًا لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا: " أَرْجِعْهَا فَأَبَى " قَالَ: " هِيَ لَكَ اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ "، فِي هَذَا دَلَالَةٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ إِنَّمَا أَمَرَ بِالرُّجُوعِ إِلَيْهَا بَعْدَ تَطْلِيقَتَيْنِ، وَلَا رَجْعَةَ لِلْعَبْدِ بَعْدَهُمَا، فَكَأَنَّهُ اعْتَقَدَ أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ لَمْ يَقَعْ، حَيْثُ لَمْ يَأْذَنْ فِيهِ، فَحِينَ أَبَى قَالَ: هِيَ لَكَ اسْتَحِلَّهَا بِمِلْكِ الْيَمِينِ، وَمَذْهَبُ الْجَمَاعَةِ عَلَى صِحَّةِ طَلَاقِهِ وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ، قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللهُ: إِنَّمَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ التَّسَرِّيَ لِلْمَالِكِينَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مَالِكًا بِحَالٍ قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالَى: {ضَرَبَ اللهُ مَثَلًا عَبْدًا مَمْلُوكًا لَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْءٍ} [النحل: ٧٥]، وَذَكَرَ مَا رَوَيْنَا فِي كِتَابِ الْبُيُوعِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ بَاعَ عَبْدًا لَهُ مَالٌ، فَمَالُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ الْمُبْتَاعُ ".
Abu Ma'bad says: Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) had a slave who gave his wife two divorces. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "Take her back." He refused, so Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: "She is lawful for you by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage).
Indication: This hadith indicates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) ordered the slave to take her back after two divorces, but he refused. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) believed that a slave cannot divorce without permission; that is why he said: "She is yours by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage), whereas the majority hold that his divorce is valid. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Allah has made taking slave-women lawful only for owners, and a slave is never an owner in any state. Allah Almighty says: "Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, who has no power over anything." [Surah al-Nahl: 75]
(b) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates (it)."
Indication: This hadith indicates that Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) ordered the slave to take her back after two divorces, but he refused. Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) believed that a slave cannot divorce without permission; that is why he said: "She is yours by right of possession" (meaning: through marriage), whereas the majority hold that his divorce is valid. And Allah knows best.
Imam al-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) says: Allah has made taking slave-women lawful only for owners, and a slave is never an owner in any state. Allah Almighty says: "Allah presents an example: a slave owned by another, who has no power over anything." [Surah al-Nahl: 75]
(b) It is narrated from Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both) that he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever sells a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the buyer stipulates (it)."
